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The Role of Femphobia and Internalized Misogyny in Predicting Men's Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 24 - 44, 31.05.2025

İbrahim Gültekin , Emine Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1508455

Abstract

In this research, the role of femphobia and internalized misogyny in predicting men's attitudes towards seeking psychological help was examined. The participants of the study, in which the correlational design was adopted, consisted of 425 men between the ages of 18-35, who were reached by convenience sampling method. All participants, who reside in 50 different cities, are university students or graduates. Data were collected through "Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help Scale", "Femphobia Scale", "Internalized Misogyny Scale" and personal information form. Results of the study show that there is a positive correlation between femphobia and misogyny. In other words, people with high levels of femphobia towards men also have high levels of internalised misogyny. The higher levels of femphobia and misogyny are negatively correlated with the attitude towards seeking psychological help. Analyzing the joint effect of the stated variables in predicting the attitude towards seeking psychological help, it was observed that while femphobia towards men and distrust of women, which is one of the sub-dimensions of internalized misogyny, were significant predictors, the other sub-dimensions of misogyny, devaluing women and gender bias in favor of men, were not significant predictors. Namely, men who have negative attitudes towards receiving psychological help are not those who have positive or negative attitudes towards the value of women, but those who find women unreliable, and those who fear men having feminine characteristics and try to devalue them. Based on the findings of the research, men's attitudes towards seeking help were discussed within the framework of male and female roles.

Keywords

femphobia masculinity men misogyny psychological help

References

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Erkeklerin Psikolojik Yardım Arama Tutumlarını Yordamada Femfobi ve İçselleştirilmiş Kadın Düşmanlığının Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 24 - 44, 31.05.2025

İbrahim Gültekin , Emine Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1508455

Abstract

Bu araştırmada erkeklerin psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin tutumlarını yordamada erkeklere yönelik femfobi ve içselleştirilmiş kadın düşmanlığının rolü incelenmiştir. Korelasyonel desenin benimsendiği çalışmanın katılımcılarını uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılan ve 18-35 yaşları arasındaki 425 erkek oluşturmaktadır. 50 farklı şehirde ikamet eden katılımcıların tamamı üniversite öğrencisi veya mezunudur. Araştırmanın verileri “Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği”, “Femfobi Ölçeği”, “İçselleştirilmiş Kadın Düşmanlığı Ölçeği” ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları erkeklere yönelik femfobi ve kadın düşmanlığı arasında pozitif yönlü bir korelasyonun olduğunu göstermektedir. Yani erkeklere yönelik femfobi düzeyi yüksek olan kişilerin aynı zamanda kadın düşmanlığı düzeyini de yüksektir. Erkeklere yönelik femfobi düzeyi ve kadın düşmanlığı düzeyinin yüksekliği ise psikolojik yardım aramaya karşı olumlu tutumla negatif yönde ilişkilidir. Psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin tutumu tahmin etmede belirtilen değişkenlerin ortak etkisi incelendiğinde ise erkeklere yönelik femfobi ve içselleştirilmiş kadın düşmanlığı alt boyutlarından biri olan kadına güvenmeme düzeyi anlamlı birer yordayıcı iken, kadın düşmanlığının diğer alt boyutları olan kadını değersizleştirme ve erkeği değerli görme alt boyutlarının anlamlı birer yordayıcı olmadığı görülmüştür. Yani psikolojik yardım aramaya karşı olumsuz tutuma sahip olan erkekler; kadının değerine ilişkin olumlu veya olumsuz tutum sahipleri değil, kadını güvenilmez bulan ve erkeklerin kadınsı özelliklere sahip olmasına karşı korku duyan ve onları değersizleştirmeye çalışan kişilerdir. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle erkeklerin yardım almaya ilişkin tutumları kadın ve erkek rolleri çerçevesinde tartılışmıştır.

Keywords

erkeklik femfobi kadın düşmanlığı mizojini psikolojik yardım

References

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  • Aydın, M. (2017). Lisans öğrencilerinin psikolojik yardım aramaya gönüllülüklerinin incelenmesi. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 76-94. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/303660
  • Baydar, V. (2013). Popüler kültürde mizojini. Turkish Studies, 8(151), 151-165. https://www.academia.edu/download/35220462/Populer_Kulturde_Mizojini.pdf
  • Berger, J. M., Levant, R., McMillan, K. K., Kelleher, W., ve Sellers, A. (2005). Impact of gender role conflict, traditional masculinity ideology, alexithymia, and age on men's attitudes toward psychological help seeking. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.6.1.73
  • Cingöz-Ulu, B., Türkoğlu, B., ve Sayılan, G. (2016). Kadın şiddet mağdurlarına yönelik tutumlarda mağdurun, trans kimliğinin etkisi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 19, 94-104. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpy1301996120160000m000049.pdf
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. (5. Baskı). Sage Publication.
  • Fischer, E. H., ve Farina, A. (1995). Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A shortened form and considerations for research. Journal of College Student Development, 36, 368-373. https://doi.org/10.1037/t05375-000
  • Fischer, E. H. ve Turner, J. L. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale. J Consult Clin Psychol, 35(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029636
  • Gemici, N. (2023). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesinde kadın algısı. İslami İlimler Dergisi, 18(2), 5-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3625217
  • Gemili, V. (2019). Roman reel hayatın bir kılavuzu olabilir mi? Ve Ahmed Midhat. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Uluslararası Filoloji ve Çeviribilim Dergisi, 1(1), 25-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/883166
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  • Glick, P., Gangl, C., Gibb, S., Klumpner, S., ve Weinberg, E. (2007). Defensive reactions to masculinity threat: More negative affect toward effeminate (but not masculine) gay men. Sex Roles, 57, 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9195-3
  • Good, G. E., Dell, D. M., ve Mintz, L. B. (1989). Male role and gender role conflict: Relations to help seeking in men. Journal of counseling psychology, 36(3), 295. https://www.academia.edu/download/69817343/Male_gender_role_conflict_Relations_to_h20210917-25246-ml9j1b.pdf
  • Gonzalez, J. M., Alegría, M., Prihoda, T. J., Copeland, L. A., ve Zeber, J. E. (2011). How the relationship of attitudes toward mental health treatment and service use differs by age, gender, ethnicity/race and education. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0168-4
  • Green, C. A., ve Pope, C. R. (1999). Gender, psychosocial factors and the use of medical services: a longitudinal analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 48(10), 1363-1372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00440-7
  • Gültekin, İ ve Durmuş, E. (2024). Erkek rolü normlarının psikolojik yardım arama engelleriyle ilişkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [PAÜEFD], 60, 316-336. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1198597
  • Harris, M. G., Diminic, S., Reavley, N., Baxter, A., Pirkis, J., ve Whiteford, H. A. (2015). Males’ mental health disadvantage: An estimation of gender-specific changes in service utilisation for mental and substance use disorders in Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(9), 821–832. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867415577434
  • Henry, R. M., ve Schudson, Z. C. (2024). Femmephobia is related to essentialist and social constructionist beliefs about gender/sex and gender-related political ideologies. Psychology & Sexuality, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2024.2403002
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Gültekin 0000-0003-1902-5753

Emine Durmuş 0000-0002-7102-5833

Early Pub Date May 30, 2025
Publication Date May 31, 2025
Submission Date July 1, 2024
Acceptance Date February 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gültekin, İ., & Durmuş, E. (2025). Erkeklerin Psikolojik Yardım Arama Tutumlarını Yordamada Femfobi ve İçselleştirilmiş Kadın Düşmanlığının Rolü. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 8(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1508455
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