Türkiye’deki Aile Hekimliği Asistanlarının Yaşlılara Karşı Tutumları: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Year 2025,
Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 196 - 205, 17.06.2025
Nur Ece Öztaş Şükür
,
Tuncay Müge Alvur
Abstract
Amaç: Türkiye'de yaşlı nüfusa yönelik sağlık hizmetleri ağırlıklı olarak birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında çalışan aile hekimleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, aile hekimlerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumları yaşlı nüfusun aldığı sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesi açısından kilit öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, yakın gelecekte birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında çalışacak olan aile hekimliği asistanlarının yaşlılara yönelik tutumlarını ve bu tutumlarını etkileyen faktörleri araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan çalışmada katılımcılara çevrimiçi anket uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama formunda Kaliforniya Üniversitesi Los Angeles Geriatri Tutum Ölçeği (UCLA-GAS) ile sosyodemografik özellikler ve yaşlılığa dair sorular yer almıştır.
Bulgular: Örnekleme %69,7'si 30 yaşın altında ve %72'si kadın olan 386 tam zamanlı aile hekimliği asistanı dahil edilmiştir. Asistanların ortalama hekimlik süreleri 4,15±2,86 yıl ve asistanlık süreleri ise 22,6±11,2 ay olarak hesaplanmıştır. Asistanların yaşlılara yönelik tutumlarının nötr-hafif olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Uzmanlık eğitimi sırasında yapılandırılmış yaşlı sağlığı eğitimi almayan asistanların UCLA-GAS puan ortalamaları, alan asistanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,007).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Yaşlı nüfusun sağlık hizmeti almak için ilk başvuru noktası olan birinci basamak hekimlerinin olumlu tutumlarının geliştirilmesi, yaşlı nüfusun sağlıklı ve başarılı yaşlanma açısından önemlidir.
References
- 1. Souza DLB, Oliveras-Fabregas A, Minobes-Molina E, de Camargo Cancela M, Galbany-Estragués P, Jerez-Roig J. Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 1;21(1):1–10.
- 2. Chatterji S, Byles J, Cutler D, Seeman T, Verdes E. Health, functioning, and disability in older adults--present status and future implications. Lancet. 2015 Feb 7;385(9967):563–75.
3. Kalayci I, Özbek Yazici S, Ozkul M, Helvaci G. Sağlık çalışanları ve öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumları: sistematik derleme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;2(1):21–30.
- 4. Elbi H, Özcan F, Cengiz Özyurt B, Yayla ME. Attitudes of family physicians towards the elderly. Turk Geriatri Derg. 2020;23(2):270–7.
- 5. Caliskan T, Kendir C, Tekin N, Kartal M. Attitudes toward the elderly among young family physicians in Turkey. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(5):998.
- 6. Ageing and health [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
- 7. Shen S, Zeng X, Hui X, Chen L, Zhang J, Chen X. Application, knowledge and training needs regarding comprehensive geriatric assessment among geriatric practitioners in healthcare institutions: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2024 Dec 1;24(1):1–7.
- 8. Alqahtani R, Almuhaidib S, Jradi H. A cross-sectional study: exploring knowledge and attitude of medical and nursing students to Care for Elders in the future. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Dec 1;22(1):1–11.
- 9. Aygün O, Özçakar N. Thoughts of Family Medicine Residents in Elderly Health Rotation: A Qualitative Research. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences. 2023 Apr 30;6(1):108–16.
- 10. Tufan F, Yuruyen M, Kizilarslanoglu MC, Akpinar T, Emiksiye S, Yesil Y, et al. Geriatrics education is associated with positive attitudes toward older people in internal medicine residents: a multicenter study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Mar 1;60(2):307–10.
- 11. Sahin S, Mandiracioglu A, Tekin N, Senuzun F, Akcicek F. Attitudes toward the elderly among the health care providers: reliability and validity of Turkish version of the UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes (UCLA-GA) scale. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Jul;55(1):205–9.
- 12. Reuben DB, Lee M, Davis JW, Eslami MS, Osterweil DG, Melchiore S, et al. Development and validation of a geriatrics attitudes scale for primary care residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46(11):1425–30.
- 13. Ingram E, Dunkley O, Willoughby K, Yaffe M, Rodríguez C. Assessing Family Medicine Residents’ Preparedness for the Practice of Geriatric Care. PRiMER : Peer-Review Reports in Medical Education Research. 2019 May 31;3:15.
- 14. AlSayyad AS, Bahram S, Al-Nooh FH, Frotin F, Al-Herz Z, Mandeel M. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary Health Care Physician Towards Geriatric Health in Bahrain. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2020 Jun 30;32(2):17–25.
- 15. Ayranci A. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşlılara karşı tutumları [dissertation on the Internet]. [Konya (Turkiye)]: Necmettin Erbakan Universityl; 2020 Jun 15 [cited 2025 Jan 18]; Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/287684
- 16. Türgay AS, Şahin S, Aykar FŞ, Sari D, Badir A, Özer ZC. Attitudes of Turkish nursing students toward elderly people. Eur Geriatr Med. 2015 Jun 1;6(3):267–70.
- 17. Mandiracioglu A, Luleci NE. Attitudes towards the elderly among Turkish pharmacy students. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2015 Dec 1;18(4).
- 18. Polat Ü, Karadağ A, Ülger Z, Demir N. Nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions of older people and attitudes towards older people: Ageism in a hospital in Turkey. Contemp Nurse. 2014 May 1;48(1):88–97.
- 19. Kıssal A, Okan F. Attitudes of health care workers working at family health centers in tokat towards ageism. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi. 2018 Dec 15;22(4):202–12.
- 20. Lui NL, Wong CH. Junior doctors’ attitudes towards older adults and its correlates in a tertiary-care public hospital. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2009;38(2):125–9.
- 21. Koca N, Seferoglu M. The evaluation of physicians’ attitudes toward the elderly. Family Practice and Palliative Care. 2020 Mar 11;5(1):6–11.
- 22. Seferoğlu M, Yıldız D, Pekel NB, Güneş A, Yıldız A, Tufan F. Attitudes of neurology specialists toward older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017 Aug 1;29(4):787–92.
- 23. Samra R, Cox T, Gordon AL, Conroy SP, Lucassen MFG, Griffiths A. Factors related to medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2017 Nov 1;46(6):911–9.
- 24. Cankurtaran M, Halil M, Ulger Z, Dagli N, Yavuz BB, Karaca B, et al. Influence of medical education on students’ attitudes towards the elderly. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006 Sep;98(9):1518.
- 25. Fitzgerald JT, Wray LA, Halter JB, Williams BC, Supiano MA. Relating medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and experience to an interest in geriatric medicine. Gerontologist. 2003;43(6):849–55.
- 26. Bakirhan S, Özkeskin M, Aktar Reyhanoglu D, Gulpinar D. Analysis of The Attitudes and Approaches of the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students Towards the Elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2017;20(2):125–34.
- 27. Yilmaz Vefikulucay D, Terzioglu F. Development and psychometric evaluation of ageism attitude scale among the university students. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2011 May 1;14(3):259–68.
- 28. Ayoǧlu FN, Kulakçı H, Ayyıldız TK, Aslan GK, Veren F. Attitudes of Turkish Nursing and Medical Students Toward Elderly People. J Transcult Nurs. 2014;25(3):241–8.
- 29. Demiralin Oner M. Aile hekimliği uzmanlık öğrencilerinin empati düzeyleri ile yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarının incelenmesi. (Comparison the relationship between family physician specialisation students levels of empathy and ageism attitude) [dissertation on the Internet] [Izmir (Turkey)]: Izmir Bozyaka Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi; 2020 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=iARQJYpS06duCaZf8ldORg&no=hng-9sd755mx7p26qZ5bNw
- 30. Mihevc Š, Mušič AG, Pavlič DR. Educator’s role in preventing ageism. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 1;19(11):e0313137.
- 31. Lee M, Reuben DB, Ferrell BA. Multidimensional attitudes of medical residents and geriatrics fellows toward older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Mar;53(3):489–94.
- 32. Özcan S, Duyan V, Koc F, Bozdemir N. Third-year medical students’ attitudes towards the eldery: evaluation of the effect of an educational programme. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2013 Apr 1;16(2):210–5.
- 33. Wu S, Jackson N, Larson S, Ward KT. Teaching Geriatrics and Transitions of Care to Internal Medicine Resident Physicians. Geriatrics. 2020 Dec 1;5(4):72.
- 34. Strugala M. Attitudes Towards the Elderly among Nursing Students in Poland–Initial Findings. J Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2016;05(01).
- 35. Sari D, Taskiran N, Baysal E, Acar E, Cevik Akyil R. Effect of an aged simulation suit on nursing students’ attitudes and empathy. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020 Aug 1;11(4):667–75.
- 36. Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pérez-Ros P. Caring for the Elderly Enhances Positive Attitudes Better Than Knowledge in Nursing Students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Sep 1;58(9).
- 37. Blumenthal D, Gokhale M, Campbell EG, Weissman JS. Preparedness for clinical practice: reports of graduating residents at academic health centers. JAMA. 2001 Sep 5;286(9):1027–34.
- 38. Ng ZL, Mat Din H, Zakaria NF, Inche Mat LN, Wan Zukiman WZH, Md Shah A, et al. Implementation of a Healthcare of Elderly Course With Multi-Professional Teachers for Undergraduate Medical Students in a Public University in Malaysia-A Quasi-Experimental Pre and Post Study. Front Public Health. 2021 Nov 11;9.
- 39. Wilson MAG, Kurrle SE, Wilson I. Understanding Australian medical student attitudes towards older people. Australas J Ageing. 2018 Jun 1;37(2):93–8.
- 40. Tam KL, Chandran K, Yu S, Nair S, Visvanathan R. Geriatric medicine course to senior undergraduate medical students improves attitude and self-perceived competency scores. Australas J Ageing. 2014 Dec 1;33(4):E6–11.
- 41. Sancaktar Ö. Uzmanlık eğitimi programlarıyla ilgili gelişmelerin aile hekimliği asistanlarının kendi eğitimlerine bakışları ve gelecekle ilgili beklentileri üzerine etkisi [dissertsation on the Internet]. [Aydin (Turkey)]: Adnan Menderes University; 2013 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/587774
- 42. Uzuner A, Topsever P, Unluoglu I, Caylan A, Dagdeviren N, Uncu Y, et al. Residents’ views about family medicine specialty education in Turkey. BMC Med Educ. 2010 Apr 15;10(1):1–10.
- 43. Dünyada Aile Hekimliği [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://sakaryaism.saglik.gov.tr/TR-34675/dunyada-aile-hekimligi.html
Attitudes of Family Medicine Residents Towards the Elderly in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study
Year 2025,
Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 196 - 205, 17.06.2025
Nur Ece Öztaş Şükür
,
Tuncay Müge Alvur
Abstract
Objective: Healthcare services to the geriatric population are provided mainly by family physicians working. Therefore, family physicians' attitudes towards the elderly are key to the quality of healthcare services this population receives. This study was conducted to investigate the attitudes of family medicine residents who will soon work in primary healthcare institutions towards the elderly and the factors affecting these attitudes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study featured an online survey. The data collection form included the University of California, Los Angeles Geriatrics Attitudes Scale (UCLA-GAS) and questions about residents' sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards the elderly.
Results: Of the 386 full-time family medicine residents included in the sample, 69.7% were under the age of 30, and 72% were female. The mean duration the residents had been practicing medicine was 4.15±2.86 years, and the mean duration they had been residents was 22.6±11.2 months. Residents' attitudes towards the elderly were neutral-to-slightly positive. The mean UCLA-GAS scores of residents who did not receive structured geriatrics education as part of their family medicine residency were found to be significantly higher than those who did (p=0.007).
Conclusion: Improving the positive attitudes of primary care physicians, to whom the elderly population first consults to receive health care, is important in terms of keeping the elderly population healthy and successful aging.
Ethical Statement
The ethics committee approval of the study was obtained from Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision number GOKAEK-2020/22.14 before the start of the study.
Thanks
The authors would like to thank Prof.Dr.Süleyman Görpelioğlu for his contribution.
References
- 1. Souza DLB, Oliveras-Fabregas A, Minobes-Molina E, de Camargo Cancela M, Galbany-Estragués P, Jerez-Roig J. Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 1;21(1):1–10.
- 2. Chatterji S, Byles J, Cutler D, Seeman T, Verdes E. Health, functioning, and disability in older adults--present status and future implications. Lancet. 2015 Feb 7;385(9967):563–75.
3. Kalayci I, Özbek Yazici S, Ozkul M, Helvaci G. Sağlık çalışanları ve öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumları: sistematik derleme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;2(1):21–30.
- 4. Elbi H, Özcan F, Cengiz Özyurt B, Yayla ME. Attitudes of family physicians towards the elderly. Turk Geriatri Derg. 2020;23(2):270–7.
- 5. Caliskan T, Kendir C, Tekin N, Kartal M. Attitudes toward the elderly among young family physicians in Turkey. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(5):998.
- 6. Ageing and health [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
- 7. Shen S, Zeng X, Hui X, Chen L, Zhang J, Chen X. Application, knowledge and training needs regarding comprehensive geriatric assessment among geriatric practitioners in healthcare institutions: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2024 Dec 1;24(1):1–7.
- 8. Alqahtani R, Almuhaidib S, Jradi H. A cross-sectional study: exploring knowledge and attitude of medical and nursing students to Care for Elders in the future. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Dec 1;22(1):1–11.
- 9. Aygün O, Özçakar N. Thoughts of Family Medicine Residents in Elderly Health Rotation: A Qualitative Research. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences. 2023 Apr 30;6(1):108–16.
- 10. Tufan F, Yuruyen M, Kizilarslanoglu MC, Akpinar T, Emiksiye S, Yesil Y, et al. Geriatrics education is associated with positive attitudes toward older people in internal medicine residents: a multicenter study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Mar 1;60(2):307–10.
- 11. Sahin S, Mandiracioglu A, Tekin N, Senuzun F, Akcicek F. Attitudes toward the elderly among the health care providers: reliability and validity of Turkish version of the UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes (UCLA-GA) scale. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Jul;55(1):205–9.
- 12. Reuben DB, Lee M, Davis JW, Eslami MS, Osterweil DG, Melchiore S, et al. Development and validation of a geriatrics attitudes scale for primary care residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46(11):1425–30.
- 13. Ingram E, Dunkley O, Willoughby K, Yaffe M, Rodríguez C. Assessing Family Medicine Residents’ Preparedness for the Practice of Geriatric Care. PRiMER : Peer-Review Reports in Medical Education Research. 2019 May 31;3:15.
- 14. AlSayyad AS, Bahram S, Al-Nooh FH, Frotin F, Al-Herz Z, Mandeel M. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary Health Care Physician Towards Geriatric Health in Bahrain. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2020 Jun 30;32(2):17–25.
- 15. Ayranci A. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşlılara karşı tutumları [dissertation on the Internet]. [Konya (Turkiye)]: Necmettin Erbakan Universityl; 2020 Jun 15 [cited 2025 Jan 18]; Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/287684
- 16. Türgay AS, Şahin S, Aykar FŞ, Sari D, Badir A, Özer ZC. Attitudes of Turkish nursing students toward elderly people. Eur Geriatr Med. 2015 Jun 1;6(3):267–70.
- 17. Mandiracioglu A, Luleci NE. Attitudes towards the elderly among Turkish pharmacy students. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2015 Dec 1;18(4).
- 18. Polat Ü, Karadağ A, Ülger Z, Demir N. Nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions of older people and attitudes towards older people: Ageism in a hospital in Turkey. Contemp Nurse. 2014 May 1;48(1):88–97.
- 19. Kıssal A, Okan F. Attitudes of health care workers working at family health centers in tokat towards ageism. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi. 2018 Dec 15;22(4):202–12.
- 20. Lui NL, Wong CH. Junior doctors’ attitudes towards older adults and its correlates in a tertiary-care public hospital. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2009;38(2):125–9.
- 21. Koca N, Seferoglu M. The evaluation of physicians’ attitudes toward the elderly. Family Practice and Palliative Care. 2020 Mar 11;5(1):6–11.
- 22. Seferoğlu M, Yıldız D, Pekel NB, Güneş A, Yıldız A, Tufan F. Attitudes of neurology specialists toward older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017 Aug 1;29(4):787–92.
- 23. Samra R, Cox T, Gordon AL, Conroy SP, Lucassen MFG, Griffiths A. Factors related to medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2017 Nov 1;46(6):911–9.
- 24. Cankurtaran M, Halil M, Ulger Z, Dagli N, Yavuz BB, Karaca B, et al. Influence of medical education on students’ attitudes towards the elderly. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006 Sep;98(9):1518.
- 25. Fitzgerald JT, Wray LA, Halter JB, Williams BC, Supiano MA. Relating medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and experience to an interest in geriatric medicine. Gerontologist. 2003;43(6):849–55.
- 26. Bakirhan S, Özkeskin M, Aktar Reyhanoglu D, Gulpinar D. Analysis of The Attitudes and Approaches of the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students Towards the Elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2017;20(2):125–34.
- 27. Yilmaz Vefikulucay D, Terzioglu F. Development and psychometric evaluation of ageism attitude scale among the university students. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2011 May 1;14(3):259–68.
- 28. Ayoǧlu FN, Kulakçı H, Ayyıldız TK, Aslan GK, Veren F. Attitudes of Turkish Nursing and Medical Students Toward Elderly People. J Transcult Nurs. 2014;25(3):241–8.
- 29. Demiralin Oner M. Aile hekimliği uzmanlık öğrencilerinin empati düzeyleri ile yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarının incelenmesi. (Comparison the relationship between family physician specialisation students levels of empathy and ageism attitude) [dissertation on the Internet] [Izmir (Turkey)]: Izmir Bozyaka Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi; 2020 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=iARQJYpS06duCaZf8ldORg&no=hng-9sd755mx7p26qZ5bNw
- 30. Mihevc Š, Mušič AG, Pavlič DR. Educator’s role in preventing ageism. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 1;19(11):e0313137.
- 31. Lee M, Reuben DB, Ferrell BA. Multidimensional attitudes of medical residents and geriatrics fellows toward older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Mar;53(3):489–94.
- 32. Özcan S, Duyan V, Koc F, Bozdemir N. Third-year medical students’ attitudes towards the eldery: evaluation of the effect of an educational programme. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2013 Apr 1;16(2):210–5.
- 33. Wu S, Jackson N, Larson S, Ward KT. Teaching Geriatrics and Transitions of Care to Internal Medicine Resident Physicians. Geriatrics. 2020 Dec 1;5(4):72.
- 34. Strugala M. Attitudes Towards the Elderly among Nursing Students in Poland–Initial Findings. J Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2016;05(01).
- 35. Sari D, Taskiran N, Baysal E, Acar E, Cevik Akyil R. Effect of an aged simulation suit on nursing students’ attitudes and empathy. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020 Aug 1;11(4):667–75.
- 36. Castellano-Rioja E, Botella-Navas M, López-Hernández L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pérez-Ros P. Caring for the Elderly Enhances Positive Attitudes Better Than Knowledge in Nursing Students. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Sep 1;58(9).
- 37. Blumenthal D, Gokhale M, Campbell EG, Weissman JS. Preparedness for clinical practice: reports of graduating residents at academic health centers. JAMA. 2001 Sep 5;286(9):1027–34.
- 38. Ng ZL, Mat Din H, Zakaria NF, Inche Mat LN, Wan Zukiman WZH, Md Shah A, et al. Implementation of a Healthcare of Elderly Course With Multi-Professional Teachers for Undergraduate Medical Students in a Public University in Malaysia-A Quasi-Experimental Pre and Post Study. Front Public Health. 2021 Nov 11;9.
- 39. Wilson MAG, Kurrle SE, Wilson I. Understanding Australian medical student attitudes towards older people. Australas J Ageing. 2018 Jun 1;37(2):93–8.
- 40. Tam KL, Chandran K, Yu S, Nair S, Visvanathan R. Geriatric medicine course to senior undergraduate medical students improves attitude and self-perceived competency scores. Australas J Ageing. 2014 Dec 1;33(4):E6–11.
- 41. Sancaktar Ö. Uzmanlık eğitimi programlarıyla ilgili gelişmelerin aile hekimliği asistanlarının kendi eğitimlerine bakışları ve gelecekle ilgili beklentileri üzerine etkisi [dissertsation on the Internet]. [Aydin (Turkey)]: Adnan Menderes University; 2013 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/587774
- 42. Uzuner A, Topsever P, Unluoglu I, Caylan A, Dagdeviren N, Uncu Y, et al. Residents’ views about family medicine specialty education in Turkey. BMC Med Educ. 2010 Apr 15;10(1):1–10.
- 43. Dünyada Aile Hekimliği [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Jan 18]. Available from: https://sakaryaism.saglik.gov.tr/TR-34675/dunyada-aile-hekimligi.html