Abstract
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) was initiated through individual efforts before being collectively established in 1991. linguists like Norman Fairclough, Teun A. Van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak were pioneers in this field. CDA has developed as an interdisciplinary field that examines the relationship between discourse and power, leading to the emergence of various approaches. Among these, Fairclough's dialectical-relational, Van Dijk's socio-cognitive, and Wodak's historical approaches stand out. New approaches have also emerged, such as multimodal critical discourse analysis and positive discourse analysis. In response to criticisms of CDA, various new approaches have been developed to address these shortcomings. Positive discourse analysis attempts to remedy this by adding the construction of alternative discourses to CDA's deconstructive critique. The article explains the beginnings of positive discourse analysis and its pioneers like James Martin, Tom Bartlett, and Felicitas Macgilchrist, discussing its foundations, topics, fields, and the most significant criticisms made about it. It also outlines the methodological tools proposed for analyzing positive discourses and provides practical examples of this new type of analysis.
Keywords
critical discourse analysis positive discourse analysis critical studies language discourse
References
- Agustin, Oscar G. (2012). “Enhancing Solidarity: Discourses of Voluntary Organizations on Immigration and Integration in Multicultural Societies”. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 7(1): 81-97.
- Alba-Juez, Laura (2009). Perspectives on Discourse Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Alexander, Richard J. (2003). “Resisting Imposed Metaphors of Value: Vandana Shiva's Role in Supporting Third World Agriculture”. Metaphorik.de, 04: 1-24.
- Bakkar, Said (2021). “Critical Discourse Analysis: Its Concepts and Approches”. El Khitab Revue, 16(2): 443-476.
- Bartlett, Tom (2010). “Towards an Interventionist CDA”. Eds. Coffin, C. et al. Applied Linguistic Methods: A Reader. Open University, 150-165.
- Bartlett, Tom (2012). Hybrid Voices and Collaborative Change: Contextualising Positive Discourse Analysis. Routledge.
- Bartlett, Tom (2018). “Positive Discourse Analysis”. Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Analysis. Eds. John Flowerdew & John Richardson. Routledge.
- Castells, Manuel (1997). The Power of Identity. Blackwell.
- Flowerdew, John & Richardson, John. E. (eds.) (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies. Routledge.
- Flowerdew, John (2008). Advances in Discourse Studies. Routledge.
- Humphrey, Sally (2006). “Getting the Reader On Side: Exploring Adolescent Online Political Discourse”. E–Learning, 3(2): 143-157.
- Humphrey, Sally (2009). Adolescent Literacies for Critical Social and Community Engagement. PhD Thesis. University of Sydney.
- Keskin, Zerrin (2004). “Türkiye’de Haber İncelemelerinde Van Dijk Yöntemi”. Haber Hakikat Ve İktidar İlişkisi. Ed. Çiler Dursun. Elips.
- Macgilchrist, Felicitas (2007). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Contesting Dominant Discourses by Reframing the Issues”. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines, 1(1): 74–94.
- Martin, James R. & Rose, David (2003). Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. Continuum.
- Martin, James R. (1999). “Grace: The Logogenesis of Freedom”. Discourse Studies, 1(1): 31-58.
- Martin, James R. (2000). “Design and Practice: Enacting Functional Linguistics in Australia”. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20: 116-126.
- Martin, James R. (2004). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Solidarity and Change”. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 49: 179–200.
- Rogers, Rebecca & Wetzel, Melissa Mosley (2013). Designing Critical Literacy Education through Critical Discourse Analysis: Pedagogical and Research Tools for Teacher-Researchers. Taylor & Francis.
- Salih, Hussameldin (2021). Sudan Basının Haber Söylemlerinde Ekonomik Şiddetin Kodlanması. Doktora Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Schröter, Melani (2017). Silence and Concealment in Political Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- Stibbe, Arran (2012). Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology and Reconnection with the Natural World. Wesleyan University Press.
- Stibbe, Arran (2017). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Re-thinking Human Ecological Relationships”. The Routledge Handbook of Ecolinguistics. Routledge.
- Stibbe, Arran (2018). “Critical Discourse Analysis and Ecology”. Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Analysis. Eds. John Flowerdew & John Richardson. Routledge, 497-509.
- Wodak, Ruth & Meyer, Michael (2009). “Critical Discourse Analyses: History, Agenda, Theory and Methodology”. Methods of Critical Discourse Analyses. Eds. Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer. Sage, 1-33.
- Zhang, Lei (2021). “Collective Discursive Representation of the Chinese Dream by Public Speech and Media Discourse from the Perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis”. Journal of World Languages, 8(3): 286–305.
Abstract
Eleştirel söylem analizi, 1991'de kolektif olarak kurulmadan önce bireysel çabalarla başlatıldı. Norman Fairclough, Teun A. Van Dijk ve Ruth Wodak gibi dil bilimciler buna öncülük etti. Eleştirel söylem analizi, söylem ve iktidar ilişkisini inceleyen disiplinler arası bir alan olarak gelişti ve çeşitli yaklaşımlar ortaya çıktı. Bu yaklaşımlar arasında Fairclough'un diyalektik ilişkisel, Van Dijk’in sosyo-kognitif ve Wodak'ın tarihsel yaklaşımları öne çıkar. Yeni yaklaşımlar da ortaya çıkmıştır, örneğin, çok modlu eleştirel söylem analizi ve pozitif söylem analizi gibi. Eleştirel söylem analizinin eleştirilerine yanıt olarak, eksiklikleri gidermek için çeşitli yeni yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiştir. Pozitif söylem analizi, eleştirel söylem analizinin yapıbozumcu eleştirisine alternatif söylemlerin inşasını ekleyerek bu eksikliği gidermeye çalışır. Makale, pozitif söylem analizinin başlangıçlarını ve James Martin, Tom Bartlett ve Felicitas Macgilchrist gibi öncülerini açıklar; temellerini, konularını, alanlarını ve hakkında yapılan en önemli eleştirileri ele alır. Ayrıca, pozitif söylemleri analiz etmek için önerilen metodolojik araçları belirtir ve bu yeni analiz türünün uygulama örneklerini sunar.
References
- Agustin, Oscar G. (2012). “Enhancing Solidarity: Discourses of Voluntary Organizations on Immigration and Integration in Multicultural Societies”. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 7(1): 81-97.
- Alba-Juez, Laura (2009). Perspectives on Discourse Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Alexander, Richard J. (2003). “Resisting Imposed Metaphors of Value: Vandana Shiva's Role in Supporting Third World Agriculture”. Metaphorik.de, 04: 1-24.
- Bakkar, Said (2021). “Critical Discourse Analysis: Its Concepts and Approches”. El Khitab Revue, 16(2): 443-476.
- Bartlett, Tom (2010). “Towards an Interventionist CDA”. Eds. Coffin, C. et al. Applied Linguistic Methods: A Reader. Open University, 150-165.
- Bartlett, Tom (2012). Hybrid Voices and Collaborative Change: Contextualising Positive Discourse Analysis. Routledge.
- Bartlett, Tom (2018). “Positive Discourse Analysis”. Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Analysis. Eds. John Flowerdew & John Richardson. Routledge.
- Castells, Manuel (1997). The Power of Identity. Blackwell.
- Flowerdew, John & Richardson, John. E. (eds.) (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies. Routledge.
- Flowerdew, John (2008). Advances in Discourse Studies. Routledge.
- Humphrey, Sally (2006). “Getting the Reader On Side: Exploring Adolescent Online Political Discourse”. E–Learning, 3(2): 143-157.
- Humphrey, Sally (2009). Adolescent Literacies for Critical Social and Community Engagement. PhD Thesis. University of Sydney.
- Keskin, Zerrin (2004). “Türkiye’de Haber İncelemelerinde Van Dijk Yöntemi”. Haber Hakikat Ve İktidar İlişkisi. Ed. Çiler Dursun. Elips.
- Macgilchrist, Felicitas (2007). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Contesting Dominant Discourses by Reframing the Issues”. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines, 1(1): 74–94.
- Martin, James R. & Rose, David (2003). Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. Continuum.
- Martin, James R. (1999). “Grace: The Logogenesis of Freedom”. Discourse Studies, 1(1): 31-58.
- Martin, James R. (2000). “Design and Practice: Enacting Functional Linguistics in Australia”. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20: 116-126.
- Martin, James R. (2004). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Solidarity and Change”. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 49: 179–200.
- Rogers, Rebecca & Wetzel, Melissa Mosley (2013). Designing Critical Literacy Education through Critical Discourse Analysis: Pedagogical and Research Tools for Teacher-Researchers. Taylor & Francis.
- Salih, Hussameldin (2021). Sudan Basının Haber Söylemlerinde Ekonomik Şiddetin Kodlanması. Doktora Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Schröter, Melani (2017). Silence and Concealment in Political Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- Stibbe, Arran (2012). Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology and Reconnection with the Natural World. Wesleyan University Press.
- Stibbe, Arran (2017). “Positive Discourse Analysis: Re-thinking Human Ecological Relationships”. The Routledge Handbook of Ecolinguistics. Routledge.
- Stibbe, Arran (2018). “Critical Discourse Analysis and Ecology”. Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Analysis. Eds. John Flowerdew & John Richardson. Routledge, 497-509.
- Wodak, Ruth & Meyer, Michael (2009). “Critical Discourse Analyses: History, Agenda, Theory and Methodology”. Methods of Critical Discourse Analyses. Eds. Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer. Sage, 1-33.
- Zhang, Lei (2021). “Collective Discursive Representation of the Chinese Dream by Public Speech and Media Discourse from the Perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis”. Journal of World Languages, 8(3): 286–305.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Discourse and Pragmatics |
| Journal Section | Review Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 10, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 6, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 14, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 25 |
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