Abstract
Some lily species are toxic to cats. The main harmful effect is on the kidneys and leads to acute renal damage. Ingestion of any part of the plant can cause poisoning. Even the ingestion of small amounts of plant parts can have serious consequences. The mechanism of toxicity is not known exactly. Symptoms develop rapidly. In the progress of the disease, the gastrointestinal system is primarily affected. Afterward, polyuria, dehydration, and renal failure accompany the symptoms. Seizures may occur in severe cases. In acute cases, the animal may be tried to induce vomiting, and/or applications to reduce toxin absorption may be made. Renal perfusion is attempted to be provided with intravenous fluid applications. Treatment options are more limited in the cases of lily intoxication if renal failure develops. Taking precautions against the plant is more effective than treatment. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of cat owners. In the present case, stargazer poisoning in an elderly female British Shorthair cat brought to a private veterinary clinic for examination and treatment was discussed. Toxication was diagnosed based on clinical, hematological, and biochemical findings. The cat presented with symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and urinary obstruction, all indicative of lily toxicosis. This case report aims to emphasize the toxicity that may be caused by lily plants in cats living at home. Also, it provides information about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Keywords
References
- Andrade, S. F. (2011). Plantas tóxicas ornamentais. Manual de Toxicologia Veterinária. São Paulo: Roca, 34-58.
- Bates, N. (2016). Lily poisoning. Companion Animal, 21(4), 238–241.
- Berg, R. S., Francy, T., Seque, G. (2004). Resolution of acute kidney injury in a cat after lily (Lilium longiflorum) intoxication. J Vet Int Med, 21(4): 857-859.
- Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (2001). The Liliaceae, in Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (eds). Toxic Plants of North America. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press, pp. 271-295.
- Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (eds). (2006). Handbook of Toxic Plants of North America. Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 347-348.
- Debruyn, K., Haers, H., Combes, A., Paepe, D., Peremans, K., Vanderperren, K., & Saunders, J. H. (2012). Ultrasonography of the feline kidney: technique, anatomy and changes associated with disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(11), 794-803.
- Fielder, S.E. (2024). Hematology Reference Ranges, Serum Biochemical Analysis Reference Ranges. In: Aiello, S. (eds). The Merck Veterinary Manual. The Merck & Co., Inc., NJ, USA.
- Fitzgerald, K. T. (2010). Lily toxicity in the cat. Top Companion Anim Med, 25, 213-217.
- Granata, A., Fiorini, F., Andrulli, S., Logias, F., Gallieni, M., Romano, G., ... & Fiore, C. E. (2009). Doppler ultrasound and renal artery stenosis: An overview. Journal of Ultrasound, 12(4), 133-143.
- Gulledge, L., Boos, D., Wachsstock, R. (1997). Acute renal failure in a cat secondary to Tiger lily (Lilium tigrinum) toxicity. Feline Pract, 25: 38-39.
- Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2015). Lily Toxicosis. Veterinary Information Network, October 10.
- Hall, J. O. (2006). Lilies, in Peterson, M. E., Talcott, P. A. (eds). Small Animal Toxicology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 806-811.
- Hall, J. O. (2007). Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum). In Panter, K. E., Wierenga, T. L., Pfister, J. A. (eds). Poisonous Plants: Global Research and Solutions. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
- Hall, J. O. (2013). "Lilies." In Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd ed., Elsevier.
- Kozat, S., & Sepehrizadeh, E. (2017). Methods of diagnosing in liver diseases for dog and cats. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 10(2), 36-46.
- Langston, C. E. (2002). Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc., 220, 49-52, 36.
- Panziera, W., Schwertz, C. I., Henker, L. C., Konradt, B., Bassuino, D. M., Fett, R. R., Driemeier, D., & Sonne, L. (2019). Lily poisoning in domestic cats. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 47.
- Rumbeiha, W. K., Francis, J. A., Fitzgerald, S. D., Nair, M. G., Holan, K., Bugyei, K. A., Simmons, H. A. (2004). A comprehensive study of Easter lily poisoning in cats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 16, 527-541.
- Slater, M. R., Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2011). Exposure circumstances and outcomes of 48 households with 57 cats exposed to toxic lily species. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc., 47, 386-390.
- Tefft, K. M. (2004). Lily nephrotoxicity in cats. Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 26, 149–157.
- To, A., Davila, C., Stroope, S., Walton, R (2023). Case report: Resolution of oligo-anuric acute kidney injury with furosemide administration in a cat following lily toxicity. Front Vet Sci, 10:1195743.
- Oikonomidis, I.L., Milne, E. (2023). Clinical enzymology of the dog and cat. Aust Vet Journal, 101(12): 465-478.
Abstract
Bazı zambak türleri kediler için toksiktir. Başlıca toksik etkisi böbrekler üzerinde görülür ve akut renal hasara yol açar. Bitkinin herhangi bir kısmının alınması zehirlenmeye neden olabilir. Az miktarda bitki parçası yutulduğunda dahi ciddi sonuçlarla karşılaşılabilir. Toksisitenin mekanizması tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Belirtiler hızla gelişir. Hastalık seyrinde öncelikle gastrointestinal sistem etkilenir, sonrasında tabloya poliüri, dehidrasyon ve böbrek yetmezliği eşlik eder. Şiddetli vakalarda nöbet görülebilir. Akut olgularda hayvan kusturulmaya çalışılabilir ve/veya toksin emilimini azaltıcı uygulamalar yapılabilir. İntravenöz sıvı uygulamaları ile renal perfüzyon sağlanmaya çalışılır. Böbrek yetmezliği gelişmiş toksikasyon vakalarında tedavi seçenekleri daha sınırlıdır. Bitkiye karşı önlem almak tedaviden daha etkilidir. Bu nedenle kedi sahiplerinin bilinçlendirilmesi önemlidir. Sunulan raporda özel bir veteriner kliniğe muayene ve tedavi amaçlı getirilen bir yaşlı dişi british shorthair ırkı kedide stargazer zehirlenmesi konu edildi. Anamnezde kusma, iştahsızlık, durgunluk ve idrar yapamama şikayeti bulunan kediye klinik, hematolojik ve biyokimyasal bulgular ve anamnez bilgi dahilinde zambak toksikasyonu tanısı kondu. Bu olgu sunumu; evde yaşayan kedilerde zambak bitkisinin neden olabileceği toksikasyona dikkat çekmeyi ve yanı sıra tanı ve tedavi prosedürü hakkında bilgi vermeyi hedeflemektedir.
Keywords
References
- Andrade, S. F. (2011). Plantas tóxicas ornamentais. Manual de Toxicologia Veterinária. São Paulo: Roca, 34-58.
- Bates, N. (2016). Lily poisoning. Companion Animal, 21(4), 238–241.
- Berg, R. S., Francy, T., Seque, G. (2004). Resolution of acute kidney injury in a cat after lily (Lilium longiflorum) intoxication. J Vet Int Med, 21(4): 857-859.
- Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (2001). The Liliaceae, in Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (eds). Toxic Plants of North America. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press, pp. 271-295.
- Burrows, G. E., Tyrl, R. I. (eds). (2006). Handbook of Toxic Plants of North America. Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 347-348.
- Debruyn, K., Haers, H., Combes, A., Paepe, D., Peremans, K., Vanderperren, K., & Saunders, J. H. (2012). Ultrasonography of the feline kidney: technique, anatomy and changes associated with disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(11), 794-803.
- Fielder, S.E. (2024). Hematology Reference Ranges, Serum Biochemical Analysis Reference Ranges. In: Aiello, S. (eds). The Merck Veterinary Manual. The Merck & Co., Inc., NJ, USA.
- Fitzgerald, K. T. (2010). Lily toxicity in the cat. Top Companion Anim Med, 25, 213-217.
- Granata, A., Fiorini, F., Andrulli, S., Logias, F., Gallieni, M., Romano, G., ... & Fiore, C. E. (2009). Doppler ultrasound and renal artery stenosis: An overview. Journal of Ultrasound, 12(4), 133-143.
- Gulledge, L., Boos, D., Wachsstock, R. (1997). Acute renal failure in a cat secondary to Tiger lily (Lilium tigrinum) toxicity. Feline Pract, 25: 38-39.
- Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2015). Lily Toxicosis. Veterinary Information Network, October 10.
- Hall, J. O. (2006). Lilies, in Peterson, M. E., Talcott, P. A. (eds). Small Animal Toxicology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 806-811.
- Hall, J. O. (2007). Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum). In Panter, K. E., Wierenga, T. L., Pfister, J. A. (eds). Poisonous Plants: Global Research and Solutions. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
- Hall, J. O. (2013). "Lilies." In Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd ed., Elsevier.
- Kozat, S., & Sepehrizadeh, E. (2017). Methods of diagnosing in liver diseases for dog and cats. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 10(2), 36-46.
- Langston, C. E. (2002). Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc., 220, 49-52, 36.
- Panziera, W., Schwertz, C. I., Henker, L. C., Konradt, B., Bassuino, D. M., Fett, R. R., Driemeier, D., & Sonne, L. (2019). Lily poisoning in domestic cats. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 47.
- Rumbeiha, W. K., Francis, J. A., Fitzgerald, S. D., Nair, M. G., Holan, K., Bugyei, K. A., Simmons, H. A. (2004). A comprehensive study of Easter lily poisoning in cats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 16, 527-541.
- Slater, M. R., Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2011). Exposure circumstances and outcomes of 48 households with 57 cats exposed to toxic lily species. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc., 47, 386-390.
- Tefft, K. M. (2004). Lily nephrotoxicity in cats. Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 26, 149–157.
- To, A., Davila, C., Stroope, S., Walton, R (2023). Case report: Resolution of oligo-anuric acute kidney injury with furosemide administration in a cat following lily toxicity. Front Vet Sci, 10:1195743.
- Oikonomidis, I.L., Milne, E. (2023). Clinical enzymology of the dog and cat. Aust Vet Journal, 101(12): 465-478.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Journal Section | CASE REPORT |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 12, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 27, 2025 |
| Submission Date | March 14, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 8, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 2 |
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