Determination of Nuclear Abnormalities in Peripheral Erythrocytes of the Frog Pelophylax ridibundus (Anura: Ranidae) sampled from Karasu River Basin (Turkey) for Pollution Impacts
Abstract
Karasu River, which is the only river in the Erzurum plain, is the source of the river Euphrates (Eastern Anatolia of Turkey). The river is in a serious environmental situation as a result of pollution by agricultural and industrial sewage and domestic discharges. The present study aims to evaluate genotoxic effects of toxic metals in marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus collected from two contaminated wetlands environments of the Karasu River Basin, in comparison with frogs from one non-polluted reference site. Heavy metal concentrations in surface water of the river were determined. Genotoxicity assays such as micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NA) were carried out on the frogs studied. MN and NA (kidney-shaped nucleus, notched nucleus and lobed nucleus) were assessed in peripheral blood erythrocytes of the frog. A significant elevation in MN and NA frequencies was observed in frog collected from the polluted sites compared with those from the reference site. Results of the current study suggest that there is a close realtion between increasing of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and environmental contamination. High concentrations of heavy metals have a potential genotoxic effects, and the toxicity is possibly related to industrial, agricultural and domestic activities.
References
- [Anonymous]. 2004. Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation. Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. Date: 31 December 2004, No: 25687.
- [Anonymous]. 2005. Water Intended for Human Consumption. Turkish Standards Institute. Standard No: TS 266.
- Abulude FO. 2005. Trace heavy metals contamination of soils and vegetation in the vicinity of livestock in Nigeria. Elec J Environ Agri Food Chem. 4(1-2):863-870.
- Altındağ A, Yiğit S. 2005. Assesment of Heavy metal concentrations in the food web of lake Beyşehir, Turkey. Chemosphere. 60(4):552-556. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.009
- Aonghusa NC, Gray NF. 2002. Laundry detergents as a source of heavy metals in Irish domestic wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A. 37(1):1-6. doi: 10.1081/ESE-100108477
- APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 1998. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
- Avila-Pérez P, Balcázar M, Zarazua-Ortega G, Barcelo-Quintal I, Diaz Delgado C. 1999. Heavy metal concentrations in water and bottom sediments of a Mexican reservoir.Sci Total Environ. 234(1-3):185-196. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00258-2
- Aymak C. 2010. Determination of heavy metal pollution and its genotoxic effects by using micronucleus test in Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Ranidae, Amphibia) living in Mersin. [PhD Thesis]. Mersin University. 88 p. [in Turkish].
- Canlı M, Atlı G. 2003. The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ Pollution. 121(1):129-136. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00194-X
- Care C, Bryant CJ. 1995. Possible interrelations among environmental toxicants, amphibian development and decline of amphibian populations. Environ Health Pers. 103(1):13-17. doi: 10.2307/3432406
- Carrasco KR, Tilbury KL, Myers MS. 1990. Assessment of the piscine micronuclei test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Canadian J Fish Aquatic Sci. 47(11):2123-2136. doi: 10.1139/f90-237
- Chapman D. 1998. Water quality assessments. E&FN Spon, London, 77-83 pp.
- Compana A, Panzeri M, Moreno VJ, Dulout FN. 2003. Micronuclei induction in Rana catesbeina tadpoles by Pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cytralothrin. Gen Molecular Biol. 26(1):99-103. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572003000100016
- Dane H, Şişman T. 2014. Histopathological Changes in Gill and Liver of Capoeta capoeta Living Karasu River, Erzurum. Environ Toxicol. 1-14. doi: 10.1002/tox.21965
- Daniel M, Sharpe A, Driver J, Knight AW, Keenan PO, Walmsley RM, Robison A, Zhang T, Rawson D. 2004. Results of a technology demonstration project to compare rapid aquatic toxicity screening tests in the analysis of industrial effluents. Environ Monit. 6(11):855-865. doi: 10.1039/b408939a
- De Flora SL, Vigano FD, Agostini A, Camoirano M, Bagnasco C, Bennecelli F, Melodia F, Arillo A. 1993. Multiple genotoxicity biomarkers in fish exposed in situ two polluted river water. Mutat Res. 319(2):167-177.
- Duellman W, Trueb L. 1986. Biology of the amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill 670 p.
- Gauthier L, Tardy E, Mouchet F. 2004. Biomonitoring of genotoxic potential (micronucleus assay) and detoxifiying activity (EROD induction) in the river Dadou (France), using the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Sci Total Environ. 323(1):47-61. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00598-9
- Gayer RA. 1991. Toxic effects of metals. In: Casarett LJ, Amdur MO, Klaassen CD, Doull J, editors. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: basic science of poison. 4th ed. New York: Pergamon 1033 p.
- Gürkan M, Hayretdağ S, Yakın BY, Tok CV. 2012. A preliminary study on micronucleus analysis and nuclear anomalies in Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) (Amphibia: Anura) specimens collected around Vize (Kirklareli) and Ida Mountains (Çanakkale, Turkey). Ege J Fish Aqua Sci. 29(3):133-136. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2012.29.3.05
- Hayashi M, Ueda T, Uyeno K, Wada K, Kinae N, Saotome K, Tanaka N, Takai A, Sasaki YF, Asano N, Sofuni T, Ojima Y. 1998. Development of genotoxicity assays systems that use aquatic organisms. Mutat Res. 399(2):125-133. doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00251-0
- Hellawell MJ. 1988. Toxic substances in rivers and streams. Environ Pollution, 50(1-2):61-85. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90185-6
- Jaylet A, Deparis P, Grinfeld S, Siboulet R. 1986. A new micronucleus test using peripheral blood erythrocytes of the new Plerodeles waltl to detect mutagen in fresh-water pollution. Mutat Res. 164(4):245-257. doi: 10.1016/0165-1161(86)90058-0
- Kalay M, Canlı M. 2000. Elimination of essential (Cu and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals from tissue of a fresh-water fish, Tilapia zilli. Turk J Zool. 24(4):429-436.
- Manzoor S, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Jaffar M. 2006. Multivariate analysis of trace metals in textile effluents in relation to soil and groundwater. J Hazar Mater A. 137(1):31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.077
- Marques SM, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. 2008. Effects of a uranium mine effluent in the early-life stages of Rana perezi Seoane. Sci Total Environ. 402(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.005
- McDiarmid RW, Mitchell JC. 2000. Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles. In: Sparling DW, Linder G, Bishop CA, editors. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles. SETAC Technical Publication Series. p. 69-103.
- Mitchell SE, Caldwell CA, Gonzales G, Gould WR, Arimoto R. 2005. Effects of depleted uranium on survival, growth, and metamorphosis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 68(11-12):951-965. doi: 10.1080/15287390590912595
- Norppa H, Flack CM. 2003. What do human micronuclei contain? Mutagenesis. 18(3):221-233. doi: 10.1093/mutage/18.3.221
- Outridge P, Noller B. 1991. Accumulation of toxic trace elements by freshwater vascular plants. Rev Environ ContamToxicol. 121(1):2-63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3196-7-1
- Rodriguez-Cea A, Ayllon F, Garcia-Vazquez E. 2003. Micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys. Ecotox Environ Safety. 56(3):442-448. doi: 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00073-3
- Selvi M, Gül A, Yilmaz M. 2003. Investigation of acute toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2·H2O) metal salt and behavioural changes it causes on water frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771). Chemosphere. 52(1):259-263. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00262-5
- Stansley W, Roscoe DE. 1996. The uptake and effects of lead in small mammals and frogs at a trap and skeet range. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 30(2):220-226. doi: 10.1007/BF00215801
- Stuart SN, Chanson JS, Cox NA, Young BE, Rodrigues ASL, Fischman DL, Waller RW. 2004. Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science. 306(5702):1783-1786. doi: 10.1126/science.1103538
- Şişman T, İncekara Ü, Yıldız YŞ. 2008. Determination of acute and early life stage toxicity of fat-plant effluent using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Toxicol. 23(4):480-486. doi: 10.1002/tox.20366
- Şişman T, Türkez H. 2010. Toxicologic evaluation of Imazalil with particular reference to genotoxic and teratogenic potentials. Toxicol Indust Health. 26(10):641-648. doi: 10.1177/0748233710375951
- Türkez H. 2011. The role of ascorbic acid on titanium dioxide-induced genetic damage assessed by the comet assay and cytogenetic tests. Exper Toxico Pathol. 63(5):453-457. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.03.004
- USEPA. 2000. Method guidance and recommendations for whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing (40 CFR Part 136). Washington DC: Office of Water. EPA/821/B-00/004. 2000.
- Veena B, Radhakrishnan CK, Chacko J. 1997. Heavy metal induced biochemical effect in an estauarin teleost. Indian J Mar Sci. 26:74-78
- Yazıcı Z, Şişman T. 2014. Genotoxic Effects of Water Pollution on Two Fish SpeciesLiving in Karasu River; Erzurum, Turkey. Environ Monit Asses. 186(11):8007-8016. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3983-3
- Zoll-Morreux C, Ferrier V. 1999. The Jaylet test and the micronucleus test on amphibian evaluation of the genotoxicity of five environmental pollutants and of five effluents. Water Res. 33(10):2301-2314. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00464-3
Karasu Nehri (Erzurum) Havzasında Yaşayan Pelophylax ridibundus (Anura: Ranidae) Kurbağalarında Kirliliğin Neden Olduğu Eritrositik Çekirdek Anormalliklerinin Tespiti
Abstract
Erzurum ovasının tek nehri olan Karasu Nehri, Fırat Nehri’nin kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Nehirde tarımsal, endüstriyel ve evsel atıkların karışması sonucu ciddi bir çevresel kirlilik durumu söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı nehrin metallerle kirlenmiş ve kirlenmemiş bölgelerinde yaşayan ova kurbağalarındaki (Pelophylax ridibundus) genotoksik etkileri araştırmaktır. Kirliliği tespit etmek için nehrin daha yüzey suyu örneklerinde ağır metallerin konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Kurbağalarda genotoksisite mikro çekirdek (MÇ) ve diğer çekirdek anormalliklerinin (ÇA) oluşumuna bakılarak tespit edilmiştir. MÇ ve böbrek şekilli çekirdek, çentikli çekirdek ve loplu çekirdek gibi diğer ÇA oluşumları kurbağaların eritrositleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kirlenmiş bölge kurbağalarının kanlarında MÇ ve ÇA frekansı temiz bölge kurbağalarına göre önemli ölçüde arttığı bulunmuştur. Bu artış ile nehrin kirlenmiş olma durumu arasında kuvvetli ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yüksek ağır metal seviyesinin toksisiteye yol açtığı ve tespit edilen genotoksisitenin endüstriyel, tarımsal ve evsel aktivitelerle ilgili olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
References
- [Anonymous]. 2004. Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation. Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. Date: 31 December 2004, No: 25687.
- [Anonymous]. 2005. Water Intended for Human Consumption. Turkish Standards Institute. Standard No: TS 266.
- Abulude FO. 2005. Trace heavy metals contamination of soils and vegetation in the vicinity of livestock in Nigeria. Elec J Environ Agri Food Chem. 4(1-2):863-870.
- Altındağ A, Yiğit S. 2005. Assesment of Heavy metal concentrations in the food web of lake Beyşehir, Turkey. Chemosphere. 60(4):552-556. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.009
- Aonghusa NC, Gray NF. 2002. Laundry detergents as a source of heavy metals in Irish domestic wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A. 37(1):1-6. doi: 10.1081/ESE-100108477
- APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 1998. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
- Avila-Pérez P, Balcázar M, Zarazua-Ortega G, Barcelo-Quintal I, Diaz Delgado C. 1999. Heavy metal concentrations in water and bottom sediments of a Mexican reservoir.Sci Total Environ. 234(1-3):185-196. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00258-2
- Aymak C. 2010. Determination of heavy metal pollution and its genotoxic effects by using micronucleus test in Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Ranidae, Amphibia) living in Mersin. [PhD Thesis]. Mersin University. 88 p. [in Turkish].
- Canlı M, Atlı G. 2003. The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ Pollution. 121(1):129-136. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00194-X
- Care C, Bryant CJ. 1995. Possible interrelations among environmental toxicants, amphibian development and decline of amphibian populations. Environ Health Pers. 103(1):13-17. doi: 10.2307/3432406
- Carrasco KR, Tilbury KL, Myers MS. 1990. Assessment of the piscine micronuclei test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Canadian J Fish Aquatic Sci. 47(11):2123-2136. doi: 10.1139/f90-237
- Chapman D. 1998. Water quality assessments. E&FN Spon, London, 77-83 pp.
- Compana A, Panzeri M, Moreno VJ, Dulout FN. 2003. Micronuclei induction in Rana catesbeina tadpoles by Pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cytralothrin. Gen Molecular Biol. 26(1):99-103. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572003000100016
- Dane H, Şişman T. 2014. Histopathological Changes in Gill and Liver of Capoeta capoeta Living Karasu River, Erzurum. Environ Toxicol. 1-14. doi: 10.1002/tox.21965
- Daniel M, Sharpe A, Driver J, Knight AW, Keenan PO, Walmsley RM, Robison A, Zhang T, Rawson D. 2004. Results of a technology demonstration project to compare rapid aquatic toxicity screening tests in the analysis of industrial effluents. Environ Monit. 6(11):855-865. doi: 10.1039/b408939a
- De Flora SL, Vigano FD, Agostini A, Camoirano M, Bagnasco C, Bennecelli F, Melodia F, Arillo A. 1993. Multiple genotoxicity biomarkers in fish exposed in situ two polluted river water. Mutat Res. 319(2):167-177.
- Duellman W, Trueb L. 1986. Biology of the amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill 670 p.
- Gauthier L, Tardy E, Mouchet F. 2004. Biomonitoring of genotoxic potential (micronucleus assay) and detoxifiying activity (EROD induction) in the river Dadou (France), using the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Sci Total Environ. 323(1):47-61. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00598-9
- Gayer RA. 1991. Toxic effects of metals. In: Casarett LJ, Amdur MO, Klaassen CD, Doull J, editors. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: basic science of poison. 4th ed. New York: Pergamon 1033 p.
- Gürkan M, Hayretdağ S, Yakın BY, Tok CV. 2012. A preliminary study on micronucleus analysis and nuclear anomalies in Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) (Amphibia: Anura) specimens collected around Vize (Kirklareli) and Ida Mountains (Çanakkale, Turkey). Ege J Fish Aqua Sci. 29(3):133-136. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2012.29.3.05
- Hayashi M, Ueda T, Uyeno K, Wada K, Kinae N, Saotome K, Tanaka N, Takai A, Sasaki YF, Asano N, Sofuni T, Ojima Y. 1998. Development of genotoxicity assays systems that use aquatic organisms. Mutat Res. 399(2):125-133. doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00251-0
- Hellawell MJ. 1988. Toxic substances in rivers and streams. Environ Pollution, 50(1-2):61-85. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90185-6
- Jaylet A, Deparis P, Grinfeld S, Siboulet R. 1986. A new micronucleus test using peripheral blood erythrocytes of the new Plerodeles waltl to detect mutagen in fresh-water pollution. Mutat Res. 164(4):245-257. doi: 10.1016/0165-1161(86)90058-0
- Kalay M, Canlı M. 2000. Elimination of essential (Cu and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals from tissue of a fresh-water fish, Tilapia zilli. Turk J Zool. 24(4):429-436.
- Manzoor S, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Jaffar M. 2006. Multivariate analysis of trace metals in textile effluents in relation to soil and groundwater. J Hazar Mater A. 137(1):31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.077
- Marques SM, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. 2008. Effects of a uranium mine effluent in the early-life stages of Rana perezi Seoane. Sci Total Environ. 402(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.005
- McDiarmid RW, Mitchell JC. 2000. Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles. In: Sparling DW, Linder G, Bishop CA, editors. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles. SETAC Technical Publication Series. p. 69-103.
- Mitchell SE, Caldwell CA, Gonzales G, Gould WR, Arimoto R. 2005. Effects of depleted uranium on survival, growth, and metamorphosis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 68(11-12):951-965. doi: 10.1080/15287390590912595
- Norppa H, Flack CM. 2003. What do human micronuclei contain? Mutagenesis. 18(3):221-233. doi: 10.1093/mutage/18.3.221
- Outridge P, Noller B. 1991. Accumulation of toxic trace elements by freshwater vascular plants. Rev Environ ContamToxicol. 121(1):2-63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3196-7-1
- Rodriguez-Cea A, Ayllon F, Garcia-Vazquez E. 2003. Micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys. Ecotox Environ Safety. 56(3):442-448. doi: 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00073-3
- Selvi M, Gül A, Yilmaz M. 2003. Investigation of acute toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2·H2O) metal salt and behavioural changes it causes on water frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771). Chemosphere. 52(1):259-263. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00262-5
- Stansley W, Roscoe DE. 1996. The uptake and effects of lead in small mammals and frogs at a trap and skeet range. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 30(2):220-226. doi: 10.1007/BF00215801
- Stuart SN, Chanson JS, Cox NA, Young BE, Rodrigues ASL, Fischman DL, Waller RW. 2004. Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science. 306(5702):1783-1786. doi: 10.1126/science.1103538
- Şişman T, İncekara Ü, Yıldız YŞ. 2008. Determination of acute and early life stage toxicity of fat-plant effluent using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Toxicol. 23(4):480-486. doi: 10.1002/tox.20366
- Şişman T, Türkez H. 2010. Toxicologic evaluation of Imazalil with particular reference to genotoxic and teratogenic potentials. Toxicol Indust Health. 26(10):641-648. doi: 10.1177/0748233710375951
- Türkez H. 2011. The role of ascorbic acid on titanium dioxide-induced genetic damage assessed by the comet assay and cytogenetic tests. Exper Toxico Pathol. 63(5):453-457. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.03.004
- USEPA. 2000. Method guidance and recommendations for whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing (40 CFR Part 136). Washington DC: Office of Water. EPA/821/B-00/004. 2000.
- Veena B, Radhakrishnan CK, Chacko J. 1997. Heavy metal induced biochemical effect in an estauarin teleost. Indian J Mar Sci. 26:74-78
- Yazıcı Z, Şişman T. 2014. Genotoxic Effects of Water Pollution on Two Fish SpeciesLiving in Karasu River; Erzurum, Turkey. Environ Monit Asses. 186(11):8007-8016. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3983-3
- Zoll-Morreux C, Ferrier V. 1999. The Jaylet test and the micronucleus test on amphibian evaluation of the genotoxicity of five environmental pollutants and of five effluents. Water Res. 33(10):2301-2314. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00464-3
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 28, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |