Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı Erzurum ilindeki bazı kuaför ve hamamlarda fungal kontaminasyonu araştırmaktır. Çalışma için kuaförlerde kullanılan çeşitli materyallerden (n:407) ve hamamların çeşitli alanlarından (n:435) sürüntü örnekleri toplandı. Örnekler mantar için uygun besiyerlerine ekildi ve daha sonra izole edilen mantarlar identifikasyona tabi tutuldu. Kuaför örneklerinin 107 (%26.28)'sinde, hamam örneklerinin ise 238 (%54.71)'inde fungal üreme tespit edildi. En fazla fungal üreme kuaförlerde kullanılan saç fırçaları ve tırnak törpülerinde saptandı. Hamamlardan alınan örneklerde fungal üreme en fazla soyunma odası zemininde ve terliklerde tespit edildi. Kuaför örneklerinde en fazla izole edilen fungal cins Aspergillus sp. iken, hamam örneklerinde en fazla izole edilen fungal cins Candida sp. oldu. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, bu ortamların genel olarak fungal enfeksiyonlar açısından riskli olmasına rağmen kontaminasyon oranlarının önceki çalışmalara göre daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.
References
- Araya, S., Tesfaye, B. and Fente, D., (2020). Epidemiology of Dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi infection in Ethiopia. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 8(13) 291-297.
- Benammar. L., Menasria, T., Chergui, A. And Benfiala, S., (2017). Indoor fungal contamination of traditional public baths (Hammams). Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation. 117 115-122.
- Coulibaly, O., Thera, M.A., Piarroux, R., Doumbo, O.K. and Ranque, S., (2015) High dermatophyte contamination levels in hairdressing salons of a West African suburban community. Mycoses. 58(2) 65-68.
- El Ouardi, A., Senouci, S., El Habib, F. and Ennaji, M., (2013). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water of hamam or Turkish bath: Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility. Middle-East. J. Sci. Res. 15(4) 487-492.
- Erdogan, H. and Arslan, H., (2015). Colonization of Legionella species in Turkish baths in hotels in Alanya, Turkey. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187(5) 235.
- Faway, É., Lambert de Rouvroit, C. and Poumay, Y., (2018). In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate epidermal barrier alterations. Exp. Dermatol. 27(8) 915-922.
- Ghannoum, M. and Isham, N., (2014). Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis): a never-ending story? PLoS. Pathog. 10(6) e1004105.
- Goksugur, N., Karabay, O. And Kocoglu, E., (2006). Mycological flora of the Hammams, traditional Turkish bath. Mycoses. 49(5) 411-414.
- Gräser, Y., Monod, M., Bouchara, J.P., Dukik, K., Nenoff, P., Kargl, A., Kupsch, C., Zhan, P., Packeu, A., Chaturvedi, V., de Hoog, S., (2018). New insights in dermatophyte research. Med. Mycol. 56(1) 2-9.
- Hay, R.J., (2006). Fungal infections. Clin. Dermatol. 24 201–212.
- Hayette, M.P. and Sacheli, R., (2015). Dermatophytosis, trends in epidemiology and diagnostic approach. Curr. Fungal. Infect. Rep. 9(3) 164.
- Koteswara Rao, V., Girisham, S. and Madhusudhan Reddy, S., (2016). Prevalence of toxigenic Penicillium species associated with poultry house in Telangana, India. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 71(6) 353-361.
- Lockhart, S.R. and Guarner, J., (2019). Emerging and reemerging fungal infections. Semin. Diagn. Pathol., 36(3) 177-181.
- Müller, V.L., Kappa-Markovi, K., Hyun, J., Georgas, D., Silberfarb, G., Paasch, U., UhrlaB, S., Nenoff, P., Schaller, J., (2021). Tinea capitis et barbae caused by Trichophyton tonsurans: A retrospective cohort study of an infection chain after shavings in barber shops. Mycoses. 64(4) 428-436.
- Ozaras, F., Calıskan, E. and Ozturk, C.E., (2013). The review of knowledge level about hygiene/infectious diseases and the investigation of blood-transmitted diseases and onychomycosis of the ladies hairdresser and beauty center workers. Viral. Hepat. J. 19 (3) 115-118.
- Ramaraj, V., Vijayaraman, R.S., Rangarajan, S. and Kindo, A.J., (2016). Incidence and prevalence of dermatophytosis in and around Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Int. J. Res. Med. Sci. 4(3) 695700.
- Savcı, U. and Sahin, M., (2019). Investigation of fungal flora in hammams, Turkish baths: A field study. J. Surg. Med. 3(9) 640-643.
- Sesli, E., Asan, A. ve Selçuk, F. (edlr.) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Berikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H.H., Erdoğdu, M., Ergül, C.C., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Halikî Uztan, A., Kabaktepe, Ş., Kadaifçiler, D., Kalyoncu, F., Karaltı, İ., Kaşık, G., Kaya, A., Keleş, A., Kırbağ, S., Kıvanç, M., Ocak, İ., Ökten, S., Özkale, E., Öztürk, C., Sevindik, M., Şen, B., Şen, İ., Türkekul, İ., Ulukapı, M., Uzun, Ya., Uzun, Yu.,Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. İstanbul: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayınları.
- Soyinka, F., (1978). Epidemiologic study of dermatophyte infections in Nigeria (clinical survey and laboratory investigations). Mycopathologia. 63(2) 99-103.
- Strickland, A.B., Shi, M., (2021). Mechanisms of fungal dissemination. Cell. Mol. Life. Sci., 78(7) 3219-3238.
- Tabatabaei, Z., Rafiee, A., Abbasi, A., Mehdizadeh, A., Morovati, R. and Hoseini, M., (2020). Investigation of fungal contamination in indoor air and on surfaces of traditional public baths in a historical city. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 18 (2): 925-932.
- Tanıs, H., (2021). Pathogenic fungal flora of the Turkish hammams (Bath). Rev. Argentina. de Clin. Psicol. 30(2) 60-64.
- Thompson, G.R.3rd. and Young, J.H., (2021). Aspergillus Infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 385(16) 1496-1509.
- Uslu, H., Uyanik, M. and Ayyildiz, A., (2008). Mycological examination of the barbers' tools about sources of fungal infections. Mycoses. 51(5) 447-450.
- Vurucuoğlu, A,, Özdemir Güngör, D., Camuz Berber, İ. and Kıdak, L.B., (2018). Information levels of hairdresser and beauty centre workers about infectious diseases and applied protection methods. Izmir Democracy Universıty Health Sciences Journal. 1(1) 27-38.
- Wang, X., van de Veerdonk, F.L. and Netea, M.G., (2016). Basic Genetics and immunology of Candida infections. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 30(1) 85-102.
- Winge, M.C., Chryssanthou, E. and Wahlgren, C.F., (2009). Combs and hair-trimming tools as reservoirs for dermatophytes in juvenile tinea capitis. Acta. Derm. Venereol. 89(5) 536-537.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate fungal contamination in some hairdressers and Turkish baths in Erzurum/Türkiye. For the study, swab samples were collected from various materials used in hairdressers (n:407) and multiple areas of Turkish baths (n:435). The specimens were inoculated into suitable media for the fungus, and then the isolated fungi were identified. Fungal growth was detected in 107 (26.28%) hairdresser samples and 238 (54.71%) of the Turkish bath samples. Hairbrushes used in hairdressers and nail files were the materials with which fungi were most isolated. It was determined that the most fungal growth in the samples taken from Turkish baths was on the floor of the dressing rooms and slippers. While Aspergillus sp was the most isolated fungus genus in the hairdresser samples, Candida sp. was the most isolated fungus genus in the Turkish bath samples. The results of our study demonstrate that although these environments are generally risky in terms of fungal infections, the contamination rates were lower compared to previous studies.
References
- Araya, S., Tesfaye, B. and Fente, D., (2020). Epidemiology of Dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi infection in Ethiopia. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 8(13) 291-297.
- Benammar. L., Menasria, T., Chergui, A. And Benfiala, S., (2017). Indoor fungal contamination of traditional public baths (Hammams). Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation. 117 115-122.
- Coulibaly, O., Thera, M.A., Piarroux, R., Doumbo, O.K. and Ranque, S., (2015) High dermatophyte contamination levels in hairdressing salons of a West African suburban community. Mycoses. 58(2) 65-68.
- El Ouardi, A., Senouci, S., El Habib, F. and Ennaji, M., (2013). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water of hamam or Turkish bath: Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility. Middle-East. J. Sci. Res. 15(4) 487-492.
- Erdogan, H. and Arslan, H., (2015). Colonization of Legionella species in Turkish baths in hotels in Alanya, Turkey. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187(5) 235.
- Faway, É., Lambert de Rouvroit, C. and Poumay, Y., (2018). In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate epidermal barrier alterations. Exp. Dermatol. 27(8) 915-922.
- Ghannoum, M. and Isham, N., (2014). Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis): a never-ending story? PLoS. Pathog. 10(6) e1004105.
- Goksugur, N., Karabay, O. And Kocoglu, E., (2006). Mycological flora of the Hammams, traditional Turkish bath. Mycoses. 49(5) 411-414.
- Gräser, Y., Monod, M., Bouchara, J.P., Dukik, K., Nenoff, P., Kargl, A., Kupsch, C., Zhan, P., Packeu, A., Chaturvedi, V., de Hoog, S., (2018). New insights in dermatophyte research. Med. Mycol. 56(1) 2-9.
- Hay, R.J., (2006). Fungal infections. Clin. Dermatol. 24 201–212.
- Hayette, M.P. and Sacheli, R., (2015). Dermatophytosis, trends in epidemiology and diagnostic approach. Curr. Fungal. Infect. Rep. 9(3) 164.
- Koteswara Rao, V., Girisham, S. and Madhusudhan Reddy, S., (2016). Prevalence of toxigenic Penicillium species associated with poultry house in Telangana, India. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 71(6) 353-361.
- Lockhart, S.R. and Guarner, J., (2019). Emerging and reemerging fungal infections. Semin. Diagn. Pathol., 36(3) 177-181.
- Müller, V.L., Kappa-Markovi, K., Hyun, J., Georgas, D., Silberfarb, G., Paasch, U., UhrlaB, S., Nenoff, P., Schaller, J., (2021). Tinea capitis et barbae caused by Trichophyton tonsurans: A retrospective cohort study of an infection chain after shavings in barber shops. Mycoses. 64(4) 428-436.
- Ozaras, F., Calıskan, E. and Ozturk, C.E., (2013). The review of knowledge level about hygiene/infectious diseases and the investigation of blood-transmitted diseases and onychomycosis of the ladies hairdresser and beauty center workers. Viral. Hepat. J. 19 (3) 115-118.
- Ramaraj, V., Vijayaraman, R.S., Rangarajan, S. and Kindo, A.J., (2016). Incidence and prevalence of dermatophytosis in and around Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Int. J. Res. Med. Sci. 4(3) 695700.
- Savcı, U. and Sahin, M., (2019). Investigation of fungal flora in hammams, Turkish baths: A field study. J. Surg. Med. 3(9) 640-643.
- Sesli, E., Asan, A. ve Selçuk, F. (edlr.) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Berikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H.H., Erdoğdu, M., Ergül, C.C., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Halikî Uztan, A., Kabaktepe, Ş., Kadaifçiler, D., Kalyoncu, F., Karaltı, İ., Kaşık, G., Kaya, A., Keleş, A., Kırbağ, S., Kıvanç, M., Ocak, İ., Ökten, S., Özkale, E., Öztürk, C., Sevindik, M., Şen, B., Şen, İ., Türkekul, İ., Ulukapı, M., Uzun, Ya., Uzun, Yu.,Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. İstanbul: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayınları.
- Soyinka, F., (1978). Epidemiologic study of dermatophyte infections in Nigeria (clinical survey and laboratory investigations). Mycopathologia. 63(2) 99-103.
- Strickland, A.B., Shi, M., (2021). Mechanisms of fungal dissemination. Cell. Mol. Life. Sci., 78(7) 3219-3238.
- Tabatabaei, Z., Rafiee, A., Abbasi, A., Mehdizadeh, A., Morovati, R. and Hoseini, M., (2020). Investigation of fungal contamination in indoor air and on surfaces of traditional public baths in a historical city. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 18 (2): 925-932.
- Tanıs, H., (2021). Pathogenic fungal flora of the Turkish hammams (Bath). Rev. Argentina. de Clin. Psicol. 30(2) 60-64.
- Thompson, G.R.3rd. and Young, J.H., (2021). Aspergillus Infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 385(16) 1496-1509.
- Uslu, H., Uyanik, M. and Ayyildiz, A., (2008). Mycological examination of the barbers' tools about sources of fungal infections. Mycoses. 51(5) 447-450.
- Vurucuoğlu, A,, Özdemir Güngör, D., Camuz Berber, İ. and Kıdak, L.B., (2018). Information levels of hairdresser and beauty centre workers about infectious diseases and applied protection methods. Izmir Democracy Universıty Health Sciences Journal. 1(1) 27-38.
- Wang, X., van de Veerdonk, F.L. and Netea, M.G., (2016). Basic Genetics and immunology of Candida infections. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 30(1) 85-102.
- Winge, M.C., Chryssanthou, E. and Wahlgren, C.F., (2009). Combs and hair-trimming tools as reservoirs for dermatophytes in juvenile tinea capitis. Acta. Derm. Venereol. 89(5) 536-537.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Medical Mycology |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 18, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 24, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 |
The works submitted to our journals are first judged grammatically. After this phase, articles are sent two reviewers. If necessary, the third reviewer is assessed. In the publication of works, a decision is made by evaluating the level of contribution to science and readers within the criteria specified in the writing rules. Reviewers are requested to submit their assessments within 30 days at the latest. The reviewers' evaluations and the answers to these evaluations are reviewed by the editor and it is decided whether the work will be published or not.
International Peer Reviewed Journal
The journal doesn’t have APC or any submission charges
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License