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COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu Geçirmiş Çocuklarda Lens Dansitometrisinin Scheimpflug Topografi ile Objektif Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 157 - 163, 23.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1653717

Abstract

Amaç: COVID-19’un çocuklarda lens yapısı üzerindeki etkilerini Pentacam HR Scheimpflug korneal topografi ve lens densitometrisi (LD) kullanarak araştırmak.
Yöntemler: Bu prospektif vaka-kontrol çalışmasına, göz muayenesi planlanan 7-18 yaş aralığında hastalar dahil edildi. COVID-19’u son 6 ay içinde geçirmiş ve herhangi bir sistemik hastalığı bulunmayan çocuklarda Pentacam densitometri bölgeleri (PDZ 1, 2 ve 3) değerlendirildi ve sonuçlar kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Toplamda 57 hastaya ait 114 göz incelendi; bunların 29'u (%50,9) hasta grubunda, 28'i (%49,1) kontrol grubunda yer aldı. COVID-19 sonrası 7-10 yaş grubunda PDZ 1 değerleri, 11-14 yaş grubunda tüm PDZ değerleri ve 15-18 yaş grubunda PDZ 3 değerleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p <0,05). Ayrıca, 11-14 yaş grubundaki hastalarda PDZ 1-3 değerleri ile COVID-19’dan iyileşme süresi arasında pozitif korelasyon gözlendi (r=0,639, 0,628 ve 0,590; p=0,014, 0,016 ve 0,027).
Sonuçlar: Görme kalitesi yalnızca görme keskinliği ile değil, aynı zamanda kontrast duyarlılığı, yüksek-sıralı optik aberasyonlar ve görsel aksın berraklığı gibi faktörlerle de ilişkilidir. Çalışmamız, COVID-19’un özellikle 11-14 yaş grubundaki çocuklarda lens densitesinde belirgin farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koyarak, çocukların görme kalitesi üzerindeki potansiyel etkisine dikkat çekmekte ve konuyla ilgili daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

References

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  • 3. Ho D, Low R, Tong L, Gupta V, Veeraraghavan A, Agrawal R. COVID-19 and the ocular surface: a review of transmission and manifestations. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020;28:726-734.
  • 4. Mahayana IT, Angsana NC, Alya Kamila A, Fatiha NN, Sunjaya DZ, Andajana W et al. Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran 2020;52:21-28.
  • 5. Nasiri N, Sharifi H, Bazrafshan A, Noori A, Karamouzian M, Sharifi A. Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021;16:103-112.
  • 6. Sanjay S, Mutalik D, Gowda S, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, Shetty R. Post coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reactivation of a quiescent unilateral anterior uveitis. SN Compr Clin Med 2021;3:1843-1847.
  • 7. Aydemir E, Aksoy Aydemir G, Atesoglu H, Goker YS, Kiziltoprak H, Ozcelik KC. Objective assessment of corneal and lens clarity in patients with COVID-19. Optom Vis Sci 2021;98:1348-1354.
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  • 10. Ma D, Chen CB, Jhanji V, Xu C, Yuan XL, Liang JJ et al. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cell lines and in mouse cornea. Eye (Lond) 2020;34:1212-1219.
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  • 13. Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020;138:575-578.
  • 14. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol 2020;94:e00127-20.
  • 15. Ma N, Li P, Wang X, Yu Y, Tan X, Chen P et al. Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020;138:1079-1086.
  • 16. Zhou L, Xu Z, Castiglione GM, Soiberman US, Eberhart CG, Duh EJ. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ocul Surf 2020;18:537-544.
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  • 19. Roshanshad A, Ashraf MA, Roshanshad R, Kharmandar A, Zomorodian SA, Ashraf H. Ocular manifestations of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a comprehensive review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021;16:234-247.
  • 20. Holappa M, Valjakka J, Vaajanen A. Angiotensin(1-7) and ACE2, “the hot spots” of renin-angiotensin system, detected in the human aqueous humor. Open Ophthalmol J 2015;9:28-32.
  • 21. Oren B, Kocabas, DO. Assessment of corneal endothelial cell morphology and anterior segment parameters in COVID-19. Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology. 2022; 14, 25158414221096057.
  • 22. Soysal GG, Seyyar SA, Kimyon S, Mete A, Güngör K. Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19. Eye & Contact Lens. 2023; 49(11), 508-510.
  • 23. SeyedAlinaghi S, Mehraeen E, Afzalian A, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Pashaei A, et al Dadras O. (2024). Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review of current evidence. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2024;38, 102608.
  • 24. Kaya-Guner E, Sahin A, Ekemen-Keles Y, Karadag-Oncel E, Kara-Aksay A, Yilmaz D. A prospective long-term evaluation of the ocular findings of children followed with the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (long-term evaluation of ocular findings following MIS-C). Eye, 2023; 37(16), 3442-3445.
  • 25. Alnahdi, M. A., & Alkharashi, M. (2023). Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 in the pediatric age group. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 33(1), 21-28.
  • 26. Ishigooka, G., Mizuno, H., Oosuka, S., Jin, D., Takai, S., & Kida, T. (2023). Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers on streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataracts. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(20), 6627.

Objective Lens Densitometry Evaluation Using Scheimpflug Topography in Children After COVID-19 Infection

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 157 - 163, 23.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1653717

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the effects of COVID-19 on lens structure in children using Pentacam HR Scheimpflug corneal topography and lens densitometry (LD).
Methods: This prospective case-control study involved patients aged 7 to 18 who were scheduled for ophthalmologic examination. Pentacam densitometry zones (PDZ 1, 2, and 3) were assessed in children who had recovered from COVID-19 in the past 6 months and had no systemic diseases, with comparisons made to controls.
Results: A total of 114 eyes from 57 patients were evaluated, including 29 (50.9%) children in the patient group and 28 (49.1%) in the control group. PDZ 1 values for ages 7-10, all PDZ values for ages 11-14, and PDZ 3 values for ages 15-18 were significantly higher after COVID-19 compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between PDZ 1-3 values and time since recovery from COVID-19 in patients aged 11-14 (r = 0.639, 0.628, and 0.590, respectively; P = 0.014, 0.016, and 0.027).
Conclusions: Vision quality is affected not only by visual acuity but also by factors such as contrast sensitivity, higher-order optical irregularities, and the clarity of the visual axis. This study reveals significant differences in lens density, particularly in the 11-14 age group, which may suggest the potential impact of COVID-19 on children's visual quality, indicating a need for further investigation.

References

  • 1. Veritti D, Sarao V, Bandello F, Lanzetta P. Infection control measures in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 outbreak: a narrative review from an early experience in Italy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020;30:621-628.
  • 2. Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020;28:391-395.
  • 3. Ho D, Low R, Tong L, Gupta V, Veeraraghavan A, Agrawal R. COVID-19 and the ocular surface: a review of transmission and manifestations. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020;28:726-734.
  • 4. Mahayana IT, Angsana NC, Alya Kamila A, Fatiha NN, Sunjaya DZ, Andajana W et al. Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran 2020;52:21-28.
  • 5. Nasiri N, Sharifi H, Bazrafshan A, Noori A, Karamouzian M, Sharifi A. Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021;16:103-112.
  • 6. Sanjay S, Mutalik D, Gowda S, Mahendradas P, Kawali A, Shetty R. Post coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reactivation of a quiescent unilateral anterior uveitis. SN Compr Clin Med 2021;3:1843-1847.
  • 7. Aydemir E, Aksoy Aydemir G, Atesoglu H, Goker YS, Kiziltoprak H, Ozcelik KC. Objective assessment of corneal and lens clarity in patients with COVID-19. Optom Vis Sci 2021;98:1348-1354.
  • 8. Hu K, Patel J, Swiston C, Patel BC. Ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus (COVID-19). StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2022. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556093/.
  • 9. Collin J, Queen R, Zerti D, Dorgau B, Georgiou M, Djidrovski I et al. Co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the superficial adult human conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium suggests an additional route of entry via the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2021;19:190-200.
  • 10. Ma D, Chen CB, Jhanji V, Xu C, Yuan XL, Liang JJ et al. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cell lines and in mouse cornea. Eye (Lond) 2020;34:1212-1219.
  • 11. She J, Liu L, Liu W. COVID-19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children. J Med Virol 2020;92:747-754.
  • 12. Li LQ, Huang T, Wang YQ, Wang ZP, Liang Y, Huang TB et al. COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020;92:577-583.
  • 13. Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020;138:575-578.
  • 14. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol 2020;94:e00127-20.
  • 15. Ma N, Li P, Wang X, Yu Y, Tan X, Chen P et al. Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020;138:1079-1086.
  • 16. Zhou L, Xu Z, Castiglione GM, Soiberman US, Eberhart CG, Duh EJ. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ocul Surf 2020;18:537-544.
  • 17. Yuan J, Fan D, Xue Z, Qu J, Su J. Co-expression of mitochondrial genes and ACE2 in cornea involved in COVID-19. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020;61:13.
  • 18. Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, Ting A, Hodges J, McFarlane A et al. Solarte C. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Can J Ophthalmol 2020;55:e125-e129.
  • 19. Roshanshad A, Ashraf MA, Roshanshad R, Kharmandar A, Zomorodian SA, Ashraf H. Ocular manifestations of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a comprehensive review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021;16:234-247.
  • 20. Holappa M, Valjakka J, Vaajanen A. Angiotensin(1-7) and ACE2, “the hot spots” of renin-angiotensin system, detected in the human aqueous humor. Open Ophthalmol J 2015;9:28-32.
  • 21. Oren B, Kocabas, DO. Assessment of corneal endothelial cell morphology and anterior segment parameters in COVID-19. Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology. 2022; 14, 25158414221096057.
  • 22. Soysal GG, Seyyar SA, Kimyon S, Mete A, Güngör K. Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19. Eye & Contact Lens. 2023; 49(11), 508-510.
  • 23. SeyedAlinaghi S, Mehraeen E, Afzalian A, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Pashaei A, et al Dadras O. (2024). Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review of current evidence. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2024;38, 102608.
  • 24. Kaya-Guner E, Sahin A, Ekemen-Keles Y, Karadag-Oncel E, Kara-Aksay A, Yilmaz D. A prospective long-term evaluation of the ocular findings of children followed with the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (long-term evaluation of ocular findings following MIS-C). Eye, 2023; 37(16), 3442-3445.
  • 25. Alnahdi, M. A., & Alkharashi, M. (2023). Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 in the pediatric age group. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 33(1), 21-28.
  • 26. Ishigooka, G., Mizuno, H., Oosuka, S., Jin, D., Takai, S., & Kida, T. (2023). Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers on streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataracts. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(20), 6627.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Onur Kalay 0000-0002-5639-5107

Ayse Ipek Akyuz Unsal 0000-0001-5260-674X

Erol Erkan 0000-0001-8395-1765

Sayime Aydın Eroğlu 0000-0001-9222-6004

Sinan Bekmez 0000-0002-7849-2717

Esin Kırıkkaya 0000-0003-1004-9492

İmran Kurt Omurlu 0000-0003-2887-6656

Early Pub Date June 22, 2025
Publication Date June 23, 2025
Submission Date March 10, 2025
Acceptance Date May 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Kalay O, Akyuz Unsal AI, Erkan E, Aydın Eroğlu S, Bekmez S, Kırıkkaya E, Kurt Omurlu İ (June 1, 2025) Objective Lens Densitometry Evaluation Using Scheimpflug Topography in Children After COVID-19 Infection. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 26 2 157–163.