LİBERAL ULUSLARARASI DÜZENİN SONU: RUSYA’NIN ALTERNATİF BİR DÜNYA DÜZENİ VİZYONU VAR MI?

Doğaçhan Dağı

Research Article

LİBERAL ULUSLARARASI DÜZENİN SONU: RUSYA’NIN ALTERNATİF BİR DÜNYA DÜZENİ VİZYONU VAR MI?

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 238 - 257, 25.06.2025

Doğaçhan Dağı

Abstract

Rusya’nın 2014’ten itibaren Ukrayna’ya yönelik müdahaleleri liberal uluslararası düzenin geleceği, Rusya’nın
bu düzene yönelik itirazları ve alternatif vizyonu hakkındaki tartışmaları yeniden gündeme taşıdı. Bu makale,
Rusya’nın liberal uluslararası düzenin temellerine ve işleyişine yönelik eleştirilerini, geleceğine ilişkin
öngörülerini ve alternatif arayışını incelemektedir. Rus dış politika söyleminde Batı hegemonyasının bir aracı
olarak tanımlanan liberal uluslararası düzene ulusal egemenlik, medeniyetlerin çoğulluğu ve evrenselci
liberal normlara direniş temaları çerçevesinde şekillenen karşıt bir anlatı geliştirilmektedir. Makale, Ukrayna
kriziyle birlikte Batı sistemiyle ilişkileri kopma noktasına gelen Rusya’nın, liberal uluslararası düzenin temel
kabullerini ve kurucu ilkelerini sorgulamanın ötesine giderek post-liberal, çok kutuplu, egemenlik odaklı ve
çoğulcu bir dünya düzeni vizyonu geliştirme sürecine girdiğini ileri sürmektedir. Rus dünya düzeni vizyonunun
temel özellikleri ile Küresel Güney’in post-liberal dönüşüm taleplerinin örtüştüğüne dikkat çekilmekte, yeni
bir dünya düzeni arayışının sadece Rusya ile Batı arasında jeopolitik bir rekabet ve normatif mücadele alanı
yaratmakla kalmadığı, Batı-merkezli liberal dünya düzeninin küresel hegemonyasını zayıflatan düşünsel
ve kurumsal çabaları güçlendirdiği sonucuna varılmaktadır

Keywords

Liberal Dünya Düzeni, Rusya, Küresel Güney, Rus Dış Politikası.

References

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Gerasimov, V. (2016). The Value of Science Is in the Foresight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying Out Combat Operations. Military Review, Ocak-Şubat, 23–29.
Girinsky, A., A. (2023). On “Conservative Balance” and “Traditional Values”. Russia in Global Affairs, 21(3).
Götz, E. & Merlen, C. (2019). Russia and the question of world order. European Politics and Society, 20(2), 133-153.
Ikenberry, G., J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23.
Kapoor, N. (2024). Wither the Greater Eurasian Partnership? Challenges from the East in an evolving world order. Asian Politics and Policy, 16(2), 231–253.
Kanet, R. (2022). Russian strategic culture and the renewed conflict with the West. İçinde Kanet, R. & Moulioukova, D. (eds.), Russia and the World in the Putin Era from Theory to Reality in Russian Global Strategy, Routledge.
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Karaganov, S. (2025). To Eurasia with Intellectual Freedom. Russia in Global Affairs, Mart 31. https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/eurasia-karaganov/
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Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. (2023). China’s contestation of the liberal international order. The Pacific Review, 36(6), 1215-1240.
Kremlin (2022). Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on the International Relations Entering a New Era and the Global Sustainable Development. Şubat 4. http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5770
Lavrov, S. (2022a). Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s remarks at the General Debate of the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, New York, 24 Eylül. https://russiaeu. ru/en/news/russian-foreign-minister-sergey-lavrovs-remarks-general-debate-77th-session- united-nations
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Lavrov, S. (2023b). Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s interview with The International Affairs journal, Nisan 19, https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1900998/
Lukyanov, F., A. (2023). Not Against, but Beyond the West. Russia in Global Affairs, 21(4).
Lukyanov, F., A. (2024). Putin Is Back for Another Six Years; This Is What His Foreign Policy Will Look Like. Russia in Global Affairs, Haziran 7. https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/putins-foreign- policy-rt/
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International security, 43(4), 7-50.
Morozov, V. (2023). Russia and the liberal order: From contestation to antagonism. International Affairs, 99(6), 2301-2318.
Putin, V. (2007). Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy Feb. 10. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034
Putin, V. (2014). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Oct. 24. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/46860
Putin, V. (2016). Meeting with representatives of the Russian-ASEAN Business Forum. May 20, 2016. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51951
Putin, V. (2021). Expanded meeting of the Foreign Ministry Board. Nov. 19. http://en.kremlin. ru/events/president/news/67123.
Putin, V. (2022a). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Ekim. 27. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69695
Putin, V. (2022b). Meeting with young entrepreneurs, engineers, and scientists. Haziran 9, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68606
Putin, V. (2022c). First Eurasian Economic Forum. Mayıs 26, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/ president/news/68484
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Putin, V. (2024). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Kasım. 7. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69695
Robinson, P. (2025). Russia’s World Order: How Civilizationism Explains the Conflict with the West. Cornell University Press.
Romanova, T. (2018). Russia’s Neorevisionist Challenge to the Liberal International Order. The International Spectator, 53(1), 76-91.
Sakwa, R. (2021). Greater Russia: Is Moscow out to subvert the West?. International Politics, 58, 334–362.
Stephen, M. D. (2017). Emerging Powers and Emerging Trends in Global Governance. Global Governance, 23(3), 483–502.
TASS (2023). Greater Eurasian Partnership becomes Russia’s flagship project, already in works—Lavrov. https://tass.com/politics/1635017?utm_source=t.co&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign= t.co&utm_referrer=t.co
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Trenin, D. (2025). Liberalism is dead, this is what comes after. Russia Today, Mart 26. https://www.rt.com/news/614827-dmitry-trenin-liberalism-is-dead/
Valdai Discussion Club (2022). A World Without Superpowers. The Annual Report of the Valdai Discussion Club.

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 238 - 257, 25.06.2025

Doğaçhan Dağı

Abstract

References

Acharya, A. (2017). After liberal hegemony: The advent of a multiplex world order. Ethics & International Affairs, 31(3), 271-285.
Al Jazeera (2017). Lavrov: I hope world chooses post-West order. Şubat. 18, https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2017/2/18/sergey-lavrov-i-hope-world-chooses-post-west-order
ASEAN (2016). Sochi Declaration. https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Sochi- Declaration-of-the-ASEAN-Russia-Commemorative-Summit-Final.pdf
Bargués, P., Joseph, J., & Juncos, A. E. (2023). Rescuing the liberal international order: Crisis, resilience and EU security policy. International Affairs, 99(6), 2281-2299.
Blackseanews (2022). “Russian civilization” vs. “Western racism.” Why Russia updating and globalizing its propaganda. Haziran 16. https://www.blackseanews.net/en/read/195816
Bordachev, T. (2022). Factors influencing the world order’s structure. Institute Montaigne. Eylül. 1, https:// www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/factors-influencing-world-orders-structure
Bordachev, T. (2023). What is a ‘just international order’? Valdai Discussion Club. Temmuz, 27. https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/what-is-a-just-international-order/
Börzel T., A & Zürn, M. (2021). Contestations of the Liberal International Order: From Liberal Multilateralism to Postnational Liberalism. International Organization. 75(2), 282-305.
CFP (2023). The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. Mart 31, https://mid.ru/ en/foreign_policy/fundamental_documents/1860586/
CNN (2017). Russia, China use UN stage to push back on a US-led world order. Eylül 21. https:// edition.cnn.com/2017/09/21/politics/russia-china-us-unga-remarks/index.html Deudney, D. & Ikenberry, G., J. (2018). Liberal world: the resilient order. Foreign Affairs. 97(4), 16–24.
Dubowy, A. (2018). The New World Disorder. Russia in Global Affairs. https://eng.globalaffars.ru/ artcles/the-new-world-dsorder/
Financial Times. (2019). Putin says liberalism has ‘become obsolete.’ June 28. https://www. ft.com/content/670039ec-98f3-11e9-9573-ee5cbb98ed36
Flockhart, T., & Korosteleva, E., A. (2022). War in Ukraine: Putin and the multi-order world. Contemporary Security Policy, 43(3), 466–481.
Gerasimov, V. (2016). The Value of Science Is in the Foresight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying Out Combat Operations. Military Review, Ocak-Şubat, 23–29.
Girinsky, A., A. (2023). On “Conservative Balance” and “Traditional Values”. Russia in Global Affairs, 21(3).
Götz, E. & Merlen, C. (2019). Russia and the question of world order. European Politics and Society, 20(2), 133-153.
Ikenberry, G., J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23.
Kapoor, N. (2024). Wither the Greater Eurasian Partnership? Challenges from the East in an evolving world order. Asian Politics and Policy, 16(2), 231–253.
Kanet, R. (2022). Russian strategic culture and the renewed conflict with the West. İçinde Kanet, R. & Moulioukova, D. (eds.), Russia and the World in the Putin Era from Theory to Reality in Russian Global Strategy, Routledge.
Karaganov, S. (2017). “2016—A Victory of Conservative Realism,” Russia in Global Affairs, No. 1. Karaganov, S. (2022a). From the Non-West to the World Majority. Eylül.1, 2022.
https://karaganov.ru/en/from-the-non-west-to-the-world-majority/ Karaganov, S. (2022b). My nablyudaem poyavlenie novogo mira v moment egosozdaniya [We Are Witnessing the Birth of a New World Order at the Moment of Its Creation]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 26 Ekim. https://rg.ru/2022/10/26/osypavshijsia-mir-uroki-na-budushchee.html Karaganov, S. (2024). An Age of Wars? Article Two. What Is to Be Done. Russia in Global Affairs, 22(2).
Karaganov, S. (2025). To Eurasia with Intellectual Freedom. Russia in Global Affairs, Mart 31. https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/eurasia-karaganov/
Karaganov, S. & Suslov, D. (2018). A New World Order: A View from Russia. Russia in Global Affairs. https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/a-new-world-order-a-view-from-russia/
Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. (2023). China’s contestation of the liberal international order. The Pacific Review, 36(6), 1215-1240.
Kremlin (2022). Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on the International Relations Entering a New Era and the Global Sustainable Development. Şubat 4. http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5770
Lavrov, S. (2022a). Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s remarks at the General Debate of the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, New York, 24 Eylül. https://russiaeu. ru/en/news/russian-foreign-minister-sergey-lavrovs-remarks-general-debate-77th-session- united-nations
Lavrov, S. (2022b). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2022. Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Video Address to Participants in the 5th Global Forum of Young Diplomats. Ağustos 27, https://www.mid.ru/en/press_service/minister_speeches/1827539/
Lavrov, S. (2023a). Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s remarks and answers to questions during the Government Hour in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Feb. 15, 2023, https://mid. ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1854365/
Lavrov, S. (2023b). Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s interview with The International Affairs journal, Nisan 19, https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1900998/
Lukyanov, F., A. (2023). Not Against, but Beyond the West. Russia in Global Affairs, 21(4).
Lukyanov, F., A. (2024). Putin Is Back for Another Six Years; This Is What His Foreign Policy Will Look Like. Russia in Global Affairs, Haziran 7. https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/putins-foreign- policy-rt/
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International security, 43(4), 7-50.
Morozov, V. (2023). Russia and the liberal order: From contestation to antagonism. International Affairs, 99(6), 2301-2318.
Putin, V. (2007). Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy Feb. 10. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034
Putin, V. (2014). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Oct. 24. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/46860
Putin, V. (2016). Meeting with representatives of the Russian-ASEAN Business Forum. May 20, 2016. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51951
Putin, V. (2021). Expanded meeting of the Foreign Ministry Board. Nov. 19. http://en.kremlin. ru/events/president/news/67123.
Putin, V. (2022a). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Ekim. 27. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69695
Putin, V. (2022b). Meeting with young entrepreneurs, engineers, and scientists. Haziran 9, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68606
Putin, V. (2022c). First Eurasian Economic Forum. Mayıs 26, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/ president/news/68484
Putin, V. (2022d). Full text of Putin’s speech at annexation ceremony. Ekim. 1. https://www. miragenews.com/full-text-of-putins-speech-at-annexation-866383/
Putin, V. (2023). President of Russia, Presidential Address to Federal Assembly, Şubat. 21, 2023. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70565
Putin, V. (2024). President of Russia, Valdai International Discussion Club meeting, Kasım. 7. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/69695
Robinson, P. (2025). Russia’s World Order: How Civilizationism Explains the Conflict with the West. Cornell University Press.
Romanova, T. (2018). Russia’s Neorevisionist Challenge to the Liberal International Order. The International Spectator, 53(1), 76-91.
Sakwa, R. (2021). Greater Russia: Is Moscow out to subvert the West?. International Politics, 58, 334–362.
Stephen, M. D. (2017). Emerging Powers and Emerging Trends in Global Governance. Global Governance, 23(3), 483–502.
TASS (2023). Greater Eurasian Partnership becomes Russia’s flagship project, already in works—Lavrov. https://tass.com/politics/1635017?utm_source=t.co&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign= t.co&utm_referrer=t.co
Timofeev, I. (2023). Can Russia really break away from the West? RIAC, Nisan 6. https://russiancouncil. ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/can-russia-really-break-away-from-the-west/
Trenin, D. (2025). Liberalism is dead, this is what comes after. Russia Today, Mart 26. https://www.rt.com/news/614827-dmitry-trenin-liberalism-is-dead/
Valdai Discussion Club (2022). A World Without Superpowers. The Annual Report of the Valdai Discussion Club.

There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	International Politics
Journal Section	Makaleler
Authors	Doğaçhan Dağı
Publication Date	June 25, 2025
Submission Date	May 1, 2025
Acceptance Date	June 20, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye

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APA	Dağı, D. (2025). LİBERAL ULUSLARARASI DÜZENİN SONU: RUSYA’NIN ALTERNATİF BİR DÜNYA DÜZENİ VİZYONU VAR MI?. Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 21(68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye), 238-257.

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