KIRGIZİSTAN’DA DİN-DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİ

Seyit Ali Avcu

Research Article

KIRGIZİSTAN’DA DİN-DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİ

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 286 - 311, 25.06.2025

Seyit Ali Avcu

Abstract

Kırgızistan Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşü sonrası din-devlet ilişkilerini yeniden yapılandırmış bir Orta Asya
ülkesidir. Bağımsızlık sonrası din özgürlüğü genişlemiş, ancak dini gruplar arasında çatışmalar ve toplumda
huzursuzluklar yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan’daki din-devlet ilişkilerinin evrimi incelenmiştir.
1990’lı yıllarda başlayan liberal reformlarla, dinî faaliyetler serbest bırakılmış ve dini grupların sayısı hızla
artmıştır. Ancak, dini özgürlüklerin aşırılığı, devletin müdahalesine yol açmış ve 2025’te çıkarılan yeni yasal
düzenlemelerle dini faaliyetler sınırlandırılmıştır. Yeni yasalar, dini grupların siyasi faaliyetlere katılımını
yasaklamakta ve dini eğitimle ilgili kısıtlamalar getirmektedir. Kırgızistan, Orta Asya’nın en demokratik
ülkesi olmasına rağmen, dış ve iç faktörlerin etkisiyle din-devlet ilişkilerini dengelemekte zorlanmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, Kırgızistan’daki dini özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılmasına yönelik reformların toplumsal barışa
etkilerini tartışmakta ve din-devlet ilişkilerindeki geleceği değerlendirmektedir.

Keywords

Kırgızistan, Din-devlet ilişkileri, Dini özgürlük, Laiklik, Sosyal huzursuzluk

References

Abilov, S. (2010). The Russian Influence over the Central Asian Countries in the Context of Kyrgyzstan. The Journal of Turkish Weekly.
https://www.academia.edu/8051581/The_Russian_Influence_over_the_Central_Asian_Countries_ in_the_Context_of_Kyrgyzstan
Antelava, N. (2006, August 7). Popular Kyrgyz Imam Shot Dead. BBC News. http://news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5252688.stm
Artman, V. M. (2019). ‘My Poor People, Where Are We Going?’: Grounded Theologies and National Identity in Kyrgyzstan. Europe-Asia Studies, 71(10), 1734-1755. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 9668136.2019.1656167
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic. (2021). CIS-Legislation. https://cis-legislation.com/document. fwx?rgn=131962
Corley, F. (2014). Kyrgyzstan: Freeing Belief Communities from State Interference ‘a Mistake’. Forum 18 News. https://www.forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=1932
Crabtree, S. (2010, August 31). Religiosity Highest in World’s Poorest Nations. Gallup.Com. https:// news.gallup.com/poll/142727/Religiosity-Highest-World-Poorest-Nations.aspx
Engvall, J. (2020). Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. https://www.foi.se/download/18.5484aa61725645f64f28d/1592307207108/Religion- and-the-Secular-State-in-Kyrgyzstan_Johan-Engvall-10-06-20_FINAL-wCover.pdf
FETÖ PDY’i Savunan Tek Ülke Kırgızistan. (2016, July 27). Diyarbakır Söz. https://www.diyarbakirsoz. com/gundem/feto-pdyi-savunan-tek-ulke-kirgizistan-157577
Finke, R. (2013). Origins and consequences of religious restrictions: A global overview. Sociology of Religion, 75(1), 1-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214927/
Fox, J. (2008). A world survey of religion and the state. Cambridge University Press.
Grim, B. J., & Finke, R. (2011). The price of freedom denied: Religious persecution and conflict in the twenty-first century. Cambridge University Press.
History. (2025). State Commission for Religious Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. http://religion. gov.kg/en/comission/history
Introvigne, M. (2025, March 6). Why the UN Are Concerned About Freedom of Religion in Kyrgyzstan. Bitter Winter. https://bitterwinter.org/why-the-un-are-concerned-about-freedom-of-religion- in-kyrgyzstan/
Joldoshov, A. (2022). Kirgizistan’da Din-Devlet İlişkileri ve Laiklik Tartışmaları. Ege Universitesi Turk Dunyasi Incelemeleri Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1171626
Kırgız Cumhuriyeti’nin 2021-2026 dini alandaki devlet politikası Stratejisi. (2021). Kırgızistan Adalet Bakanlığı. https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/30-159/edition/1098958/ru
Kırgızistan Türkiye’nin Deneyimlerinden Istifade Edecek. (2014). Anadolu Ajansı. https://www. aa.com.tr/tr/politika/kirgizistan-turkiyenin-deneyimlerinden-istifade-edecek/89250
Kırgızistan’daki Başörtüsü Yasağı Kaldırıldı. (2009, March 12). CNN TÜRK. https://www.cnnturk. com/dunya/kirgizistandaki-basortusu-yasagi-kaldirildi-160781
Kırgızistan’da Yeni Din Özgürlüğü ve Dini Kurumlar Kanunu Kabul Edildi. (2024). TRT Avaz. https:// www.trtavaz.com.tr/haber/tur/avrasyadan/kirgizistan-da-yeni-din-ozgurlugu-ve-dini-kurumlar- kanunu-kabul-edildi/676d496d6f4e8b75fb0d6e77
Kontseptsiya Gosudarstvennoy Politiki Kırgızskoy Respubliki v Religioznoy Sfere na 2014-2020gg. (2014). Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Din İşleri Komisyonu. http://religion.gov.kg/storage/uploads/ file/29d29cc9084693f52c879dafa977787e6cafaa8d.pdf
Kuru, A. T. (2009). Secularism and state policies toward religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. Cambridge University Press.
Kyrgyz Republic 2012 International Religious Freedom Report. (2013). U.S. Department of State. https:// 2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208644.pdf
Kyrgyzstan Constitution (1993/2007). (1993). ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. https://aceproject. org/ero-en/regions/asia/KG/kyrgyzstan-constitution-1993-2007/view?searchterm=russian
Kyrgyzstan: UN Rights Experts Dismayed by New Restrictions on Freedom of Religion or Belief. (2025). OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/02/kyrgyzstan-un-rights- experts-dismayed-new-restrictions-freedom-religion-or
Matveeva, A. (2018). Radicalisation and Violent Extremism in Kyrgyzstan: On the Way to the Caliphate? The RUSI Journal, 163, 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1453013
Pew Research Center. (2013, April 30). The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society. https:// www.pewresearch.org/religion/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society- beliefs-about-sharia/
Pew Research Center. (2019). A closer look at how religious restrictions have risen around the world. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2019/11/15/a-closer-look-at-how-religious-restrictions- have-risen-around-the-world/
Peyrouse, S. (2020). Central Asia: Mismanaging religion. Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/ central-asia-mismanaging-religion
Presidential Decree of the Kyrgyz Republic ‘About Structural Divisions of the Office of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic’. (n.d.). CIS Legislation. https://cis-legislation.com/document. fwx?rgn=112168
Reuters. (2024, March 14). Kyrgyzstan parliament adopts Russian-style “foreign agents” bill. https:// www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kyrgyzstan-parliament-adopts-russian-style-foreign-agents- bill-2024-03-14
Toft, M. D., Philpott, D., & Shah, T. S. (2011). God’s century: Resurgent religion and global politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
Türk Cumhuriyetleri Anayasaları. (2012). TÜRKPA.
Ukaz Prezidenta Kyrgyzskoj Respubliki ot 10 aprelja 2025 goda № 126 “O Nacionalʹnom agentstve po delam religij i mežètničeskih otnošenij pri Prezidente Kyrgyzskoj Respubliki”. (2025, April 10). Informacionnaja sistema PARAGRAF. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=36439733
Valle, S. (2021). Central Asia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Counterterrorism and religious extremism. RSIS. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/ctta-newsarticle/central-asia
Yusupov, A. (2025, April 14). V Kyrgyzstane sozdano Nacagentstvo po delam religij i mežètničeskih otnošenij. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/ru/мир/в-кыргызстане-создано- нацагентство-по-делам-религий-и-межэтнических-отношений/3537786
Wilson, D. (2024a, January 16). These Are The Most Secular Countries in the World, 2024. CEOWORLD Magazine. https://ceoworld.biz/2024/01/16/these-are-the-most-secular-countries-in-theworld- 2024/
Wilson, D. (2024b, April 7). World’s Most (And Least) Religious Countries, 2024. CEOWORLD Magazine. https://ceoworld.biz/2024/04/08/worlds-most-and-least-religious-countries-2024/
Wormald, B. (2013, April 30). Beliefs About Sharia. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch. org/religion/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-beliefs-about- sharia/
Zakon Kırgızskoy Respubliki o Svobode Veroispovedaniya i Religioznıh Organizatsiyah v Kırgızskoy Respublike (No. 282, Aralık 2008). http://religion.gov.kg/storage/uploads/file/2c953645db66f1e1e477a011595a18f400de0e17. pdf
Zakon Kr Ot 21 Janvarja 2025 Goda № 18 “O Svobode Veroispoved. (2025). https://cbd.minjust. gov.kg/4-5465/edition/25082/ru
2008 Report on International Religious Freedom—Kyrgyz Republic. (2008). Refworld. https://www. refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2008/en/62796

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 286 - 311, 25.06.2025

Seyit Ali Avcu

Abstract

References

Abilov, S. (2010). The Russian Influence over the Central Asian Countries in the Context of Kyrgyzstan. The Journal of Turkish Weekly.
https://www.academia.edu/8051581/The_Russian_Influence_over_the_Central_Asian_Countries_ in_the_Context_of_Kyrgyzstan
Antelava, N. (2006, August 7). Popular Kyrgyz Imam Shot Dead. BBC News. http://news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5252688.stm
Artman, V. M. (2019). ‘My Poor People, Where Are We Going?’: Grounded Theologies and National Identity in Kyrgyzstan. Europe-Asia Studies, 71(10), 1734-1755. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 9668136.2019.1656167
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic. (2021). CIS-Legislation. https://cis-legislation.com/document. fwx?rgn=131962
Corley, F. (2014). Kyrgyzstan: Freeing Belief Communities from State Interference ‘a Mistake’. Forum 18 News. https://www.forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=1932
Crabtree, S. (2010, August 31). Religiosity Highest in World’s Poorest Nations. Gallup.Com. https:// news.gallup.com/poll/142727/Religiosity-Highest-World-Poorest-Nations.aspx
Engvall, J. (2020). Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. https://www.foi.se/download/18.5484aa61725645f64f28d/1592307207108/Religion- and-the-Secular-State-in-Kyrgyzstan_Johan-Engvall-10-06-20_FINAL-wCover.pdf
FETÖ PDY’i Savunan Tek Ülke Kırgızistan. (2016, July 27). Diyarbakır Söz. https://www.diyarbakirsoz. com/gundem/feto-pdyi-savunan-tek-ulke-kirgizistan-157577
Finke, R. (2013). Origins and consequences of religious restrictions: A global overview. Sociology of Religion, 75(1), 1-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214927/
Fox, J. (2008). A world survey of religion and the state. Cambridge University Press.
Grim, B. J., & Finke, R. (2011). The price of freedom denied: Religious persecution and conflict in the twenty-first century. Cambridge University Press.
History. (2025). State Commission for Religious Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. http://religion. gov.kg/en/comission/history
Introvigne, M. (2025, March 6). Why the UN Are Concerned About Freedom of Religion in Kyrgyzstan. Bitter Winter. https://bitterwinter.org/why-the-un-are-concerned-about-freedom-of-religion- in-kyrgyzstan/
Joldoshov, A. (2022). Kirgizistan’da Din-Devlet İlişkileri ve Laiklik Tartışmaları. Ege Universitesi Turk Dunyasi Incelemeleri Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1171626
Kırgız Cumhuriyeti’nin 2021-2026 dini alandaki devlet politikası Stratejisi. (2021). Kırgızistan Adalet Bakanlığı. https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/30-159/edition/1098958/ru
Kırgızistan Türkiye’nin Deneyimlerinden Istifade Edecek. (2014). Anadolu Ajansı. https://www. aa.com.tr/tr/politika/kirgizistan-turkiyenin-deneyimlerinden-istifade-edecek/89250
Kırgızistan’daki Başörtüsü Yasağı Kaldırıldı. (2009, March 12). CNN TÜRK. https://www.cnnturk. com/dunya/kirgizistandaki-basortusu-yasagi-kaldirildi-160781
Kırgızistan’da Yeni Din Özgürlüğü ve Dini Kurumlar Kanunu Kabul Edildi. (2024). TRT Avaz. https:// www.trtavaz.com.tr/haber/tur/avrasyadan/kirgizistan-da-yeni-din-ozgurlugu-ve-dini-kurumlar- kanunu-kabul-edildi/676d496d6f4e8b75fb0d6e77
Kontseptsiya Gosudarstvennoy Politiki Kırgızskoy Respubliki v Religioznoy Sfere na 2014-2020gg. (2014). Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Din İşleri Komisyonu. http://religion.gov.kg/storage/uploads/ file/29d29cc9084693f52c879dafa977787e6cafaa8d.pdf
Kuru, A. T. (2009). Secularism and state policies toward religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. Cambridge University Press.
Kyrgyz Republic 2012 International Religious Freedom Report. (2013). U.S. Department of State. https:// 2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208644.pdf
Kyrgyzstan Constitution (1993/2007). (1993). ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. https://aceproject. org/ero-en/regions/asia/KG/kyrgyzstan-constitution-1993-2007/view?searchterm=russian
Kyrgyzstan: UN Rights Experts Dismayed by New Restrictions on Freedom of Religion or Belief. (2025). OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/02/kyrgyzstan-un-rights- experts-dismayed-new-restrictions-freedom-religion-or
Matveeva, A. (2018). Radicalisation and Violent Extremism in Kyrgyzstan: On the Way to the Caliphate? The RUSI Journal, 163, 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1453013
Pew Research Center. (2013, April 30). The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society. https:// www.pewresearch.org/religion/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society- beliefs-about-sharia/
Pew Research Center. (2019). A closer look at how religious restrictions have risen around the world. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2019/11/15/a-closer-look-at-how-religious-restrictions- have-risen-around-the-world/
Peyrouse, S. (2020). Central Asia: Mismanaging religion. Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/ central-asia-mismanaging-religion
Presidential Decree of the Kyrgyz Republic ‘About Structural Divisions of the Office of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic’. (n.d.). CIS Legislation. https://cis-legislation.com/document. fwx?rgn=112168
Reuters. (2024, March 14). Kyrgyzstan parliament adopts Russian-style “foreign agents” bill. https:// www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kyrgyzstan-parliament-adopts-russian-style-foreign-agents- bill-2024-03-14
Toft, M. D., Philpott, D., & Shah, T. S. (2011). God’s century: Resurgent religion and global politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
Türk Cumhuriyetleri Anayasaları. (2012). TÜRKPA.
Ukaz Prezidenta Kyrgyzskoj Respubliki ot 10 aprelja 2025 goda № 126 “O Nacionalʹnom agentstve po delam religij i mežètničeskih otnošenij pri Prezidente Kyrgyzskoj Respubliki”. (2025, April 10). Informacionnaja sistema PARAGRAF. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=36439733
Valle, S. (2021). Central Asia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Counterterrorism and religious extremism. RSIS. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/ctta-newsarticle/central-asia
Yusupov, A. (2025, April 14). V Kyrgyzstane sozdano Nacagentstvo po delam religij i mežètničeskih otnošenij. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/ru/мир/в-кыргызстане-создано- нацагентство-по-делам-религий-и-межэтнических-отношений/3537786
Wilson, D. (2024a, January 16). These Are The Most Secular Countries in the World, 2024. CEOWORLD Magazine. https://ceoworld.biz/2024/01/16/these-are-the-most-secular-countries-in-theworld- 2024/
Wilson, D. (2024b, April 7). World’s Most (And Least) Religious Countries, 2024. CEOWORLD Magazine. https://ceoworld.biz/2024/04/08/worlds-most-and-least-religious-countries-2024/
Wormald, B. (2013, April 30). Beliefs About Sharia. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch. org/religion/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-beliefs-about- sharia/
Zakon Kırgızskoy Respubliki o Svobode Veroispovedaniya i Religioznıh Organizatsiyah v Kırgızskoy Respublike (No. 282, Aralık 2008). http://religion.gov.kg/storage/uploads/file/2c953645db66f1e1e477a011595a18f400de0e17. pdf
Zakon Kr Ot 21 Janvarja 2025 Goda № 18 “O Svobode Veroispoved. (2025). https://cbd.minjust. gov.kg/4-5465/edition/25082/ru
2008 Report on International Religious Freedom—Kyrgyz Republic. (2008). Refworld. https://www. refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2008/en/62796

There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Political Science (Other)
Journal Section	Derkenar Makaleler
Authors	Seyit Ali Avcu
Publication Date	June 25, 2025
Submission Date	March 17, 2025
Acceptance Date	May 20, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 21 Issue: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye

Cite

APA	Avcu, S. A. (2025). KIRGIZİSTAN’DA DİN-DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİ. Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 21(68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye), 286-311.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi