Abstract
The main aim of the study was to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy dietary style and fetal sex. The level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fetal gender were assessed before and during pregnancy. The effect of fetal gender on maternal body mass index change during pregnancy was also evaluated. Descriptive survey study included 412 patients gave birth in Etlik City Hospital. The Mediterranean diet scale questionnaire was completed during first trimester follow-up and at time of delivery. Weight, height and body mass index of the patients before pregnancy and at delivery were compared. The included patients were divided into two groups according to sex of baby after delivery. Mean pre-pregnancy Mediterranean diet compliance score was 6.98±2.21 in mothers of male infants and 4.89±2.08 in mothers of female infants, and there was significant difference between the two groups. Mean change in BMI during pregnancy was 2.83±1.70 in mothers of male infants and 3.60±1.84 in mothers of female infants and this difference was statistically significant. It was observed that patients adhered to Mediterranean diet before pregnancy remained loyal to this diet during pregnancy. It was concluded that those fed with Mediterranean diet had significantly more male babies. Result of compliance with Mediterranean diet, it was concluded that body mass index of patients who adhered to this diet before and during pregnancy was significantly lower and change in body mass index increased significantly less due to weight gain during pregnancy.
References
- Çobanoğullari H, Ergoren MC, Dundar M, et al. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022;63(2 Suppl 3).
- Koletzko B, Godfrey KM, Poston L, et al. Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood and its implications for maternal and long-term child health: the early nutrition project recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(2):93-106.
- Danielewicz H, Myszczyszyn G, Dębińska A, et al. Diet in pregnancy—more than food. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176:1573-9.
- Abdou RM, El Hawary GS, Saab AA. Effect of gestational Mediterranean diet intervention on newborn fat mass and cord blood leptin level. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc. 2020;63:30.
- Peraita-Costa I, Gonzalez AL, Perales-Marin A, et al. Retrospective cross-sectional population-based study on prenatal levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet: maternal profile and effects on the newborn. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1530.
- Trivers RL, Willard DE. Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science. 1973;179:90-2.
- Andersson R, Bergstrom S. Is maternal malnutrition associated with a low sex ratio at birth? Hum Biol. 1998;70:1101-6.
- Gibson MA, Mace R. Strong mothers bear more sons in rural Ethiopia. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003;7.
- Cagnacci A, Renzi A, Arangino S, et al. Influences of maternal weight on the secondary sex ratio of offspring. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:442-4.
- Tamimi RM, Lagiou P, Mucci LA, et al. Average energy intake among pregnant women carrying a boy compared with a girl. BMJ. 2003;326:1245-6.
- Wells JC. Natural selection and sex differences in morbidity and mortality in early life. J Theor Biol. 2000;7:65-76.
- Fischer M, Stronati M, Lanari M. Mediterranean diet, folic acid, and neural tube defects. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43:74.
- Corsello G, Giuffrè M. Congenital malformations. Matern Fetal Neonatal. 2012;25:25-9.
- Yalçın H, Koçak N. Gebelikle ilgili geleneksel inanç ve uygulamalar ve Karaman örneği. Kent Akademisi. 2013;6(13):18-34.
- León-Muñoz LM, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern has declined in Spanish adults. J Nutr. 2012;142(10):1843-50.
- Shyu E, Caswell H. Frequency-dependent two-sex models: a new approach to sex ratio evolution with multiple maternal conditions. Ecol Evol. 2016;6(19):6855-79.
- Rosenfeld CS, Roberts RM. Maternal diet and other factors affecting offspring sex ratio: a review. Biol Reprod. 2004;71(4):1063-70.
- Karayiannis D, Kontogianni MD, Mendorou C, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IVF success rate among non-obese women attempting fertility. Hum Reprod. 2018;33:494-502.
- Toledo E, Lopez-del Burgo C, Zambrana AR, et al. Dietary patterns and difficulty conceiving: a nested case-control study. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:1149-53.
Abstract
Çalışmanın ana amacı gebelik öncesi diyet tarzı ile fetal cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Gebelik öncesi ve sırasında Akdeniz diyetine bağlılık düzeyi ve fetal cinsiyet değerlendirildi. Fetal cinsiyetin gebelik sırasında maternal vücut kitle indeksi değişimine etkisi de değerlendirildi. Tanımlayıcı anket çalışmasına Etlik Şehir Hastanesi'nde doğum yapan 412 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, güç analizi ile örneklem sayısı hesaplanmıştır. 2 gruplu çalışmada G Power (Version 3.1.9.6) ile yapılan güç analizi sonucunda güvenirlik %95, etki düzeyi 0,50 ve güç %90 alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda en düşük örneklem sayısı her bir grup için 86 olmak üzere toplamda 172 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ancak sonuçların güvenilirliği için erkek çocuklardan 192 ve kız çocuklardan 220 örneklem alınmıştır. Akdeniz diyet ölçeği anketi ilk trimester takibi sırasında ve doğum sırasında doldurulmuştur. Hastaların gebelik öncesi ve doğum sırasındaki kilo, boy ve vücut kitle indeksleri karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar doğumdan sonra bebeğin cinsiyetine göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Gebelik öncesi Akdeniz diyeti uyum puanı ortalaması erkek bebek annelerinde 6.98±2.21, kız bebek annelerinde 4.89±2.08'dir ve iki grup arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Gebelik süresince BKİ'deki ortalama değişim erkek bebeklerin annelerinde 2.83±1.70 ve kız bebeklerin annelerinde 3.60±1.84'tür ve bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Gebelik öncesinde Akdeniz diyetine bağlı kalan hastaların gebelik süresince de bu diyete sadık kaldıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Akdeniz diyeti ile beslenenlerin anlamlı olarak daha fazla erkek bebeğe sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Akdeniz diyetine uyum sonucunda, gebelik öncesi ve gebelikte bu diyete uyan hastaların vücut kitle indeksinin anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu, gebelikte kilo alımına bağlı olarak vücut kitle indeksindeki değişimin anlamlı olarak daha az arttığı sonucuna varıldı.
Ethical Statement
Çalışmamızda helsinki bildirgesinde yazılı olan kurallara uyulmuş olup etik kurul onayı alınmıştır
Supporting Institution
yok
Thanks
Çalışma süresince bize rehberlik eden prof. dr. Levent Keskin'e teşekkür ederiz
References
- Çobanoğullari H, Ergoren MC, Dundar M, et al. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022;63(2 Suppl 3).
- Koletzko B, Godfrey KM, Poston L, et al. Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood and its implications for maternal and long-term child health: the early nutrition project recommendations. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(2):93-106.
- Danielewicz H, Myszczyszyn G, Dębińska A, et al. Diet in pregnancy—more than food. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176:1573-9.
- Abdou RM, El Hawary GS, Saab AA. Effect of gestational Mediterranean diet intervention on newborn fat mass and cord blood leptin level. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc. 2020;63:30.
- Peraita-Costa I, Gonzalez AL, Perales-Marin A, et al. Retrospective cross-sectional population-based study on prenatal levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet: maternal profile and effects on the newborn. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1530.
- Trivers RL, Willard DE. Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science. 1973;179:90-2.
- Andersson R, Bergstrom S. Is maternal malnutrition associated with a low sex ratio at birth? Hum Biol. 1998;70:1101-6.
- Gibson MA, Mace R. Strong mothers bear more sons in rural Ethiopia. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003;7.
- Cagnacci A, Renzi A, Arangino S, et al. Influences of maternal weight on the secondary sex ratio of offspring. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:442-4.
- Tamimi RM, Lagiou P, Mucci LA, et al. Average energy intake among pregnant women carrying a boy compared with a girl. BMJ. 2003;326:1245-6.
- Wells JC. Natural selection and sex differences in morbidity and mortality in early life. J Theor Biol. 2000;7:65-76.
- Fischer M, Stronati M, Lanari M. Mediterranean diet, folic acid, and neural tube defects. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43:74.
- Corsello G, Giuffrè M. Congenital malformations. Matern Fetal Neonatal. 2012;25:25-9.
- Yalçın H, Koçak N. Gebelikle ilgili geleneksel inanç ve uygulamalar ve Karaman örneği. Kent Akademisi. 2013;6(13):18-34.
- León-Muñoz LM, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern has declined in Spanish adults. J Nutr. 2012;142(10):1843-50.
- Shyu E, Caswell H. Frequency-dependent two-sex models: a new approach to sex ratio evolution with multiple maternal conditions. Ecol Evol. 2016;6(19):6855-79.
- Rosenfeld CS, Roberts RM. Maternal diet and other factors affecting offspring sex ratio: a review. Biol Reprod. 2004;71(4):1063-70.
- Karayiannis D, Kontogianni MD, Mendorou C, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IVF success rate among non-obese women attempting fertility. Hum Reprod. 2018;33:494-502.
- Toledo E, Lopez-del Burgo C, Zambrana AR, et al. Dietary patterns and difficulty conceiving: a nested case-control study. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:1149-53.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | July 26, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | January 26, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |
