Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 14 - 30, 01.04.2025

Kumar Krishnan , Chee Kong Yap , Tze Yik Austin Hew Muhammad Adam Hazieq Bin Mohd Roslan Jia Ming Chew Hideo Okamura Yoshifumi Horie Meng Chuan Ong Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Wan Hee Cheng

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1523895

Abstract

References

  • Abdullah, S. I. N. W., Sriganeshvarun, S., Kean Tat, F., Subramaniam, T., & Mohd Mustafa, A. A. (2023). Going green: the impact of green initiative events on environmental practice intentions. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(8), 1-23.
  • Abdullah, S., Mansor, A. A., Napi, N. N. L. M., Mansor, W. N. W., Ahmed, A. N., Ismail, M., & Ramly, Z. T. A. (2020). Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic. Science of the Total Environment, 729, 139022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139022
  • Al-Mutairi, K. A., & Yap, C. K. (2021). A review of heavy metals in coastal surface sediments from the Red Sea: health-ecological risk assessments. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062798
  • Borio, C. (2020). The Covid-19 economic crisis: Dangerously unique. Business economics (Cleveland, Ohio), 55(4), 181. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-020-00184-2
  • Bujang, J. S., Zakaria, M. H., & Arshad, A. (2006). Distribution and significance of seagrass ecosystems in Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 9(2), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980600705576
  • Dijana, Đ., & Jovana, T. M. (2023). Eco Tourism Development Based on Natural and Artificial Surroundings in Semberija and Majevica Area. Arhiv za tehničke nauke, 1(28), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.59456/afts.2023.1528.069Dj
  • Escobedo, F., Clavijo-López, R., Calle, E. A. C., Correa, S. R., García, A. G., Galarza, F. W. M., ... & Flores-Tananta, C. A. (2024). Effect of Health Education on Environmental Pollution as a Primary Factor in Sustainable Development. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 9(2), 460-471. http://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1574456
  • Hajat, A., Hsia, C., & O’Neill, M. S. (2015). Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: a global review. Current environmental health reports, 2, 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-015-0069-5
  • Hong, Y. H., Khan, N., & Abdullah, M. M. (2013). The determinants of hybrid vehicle adoption: Malaysia perspective. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 347-454.
  • Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, H., Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., Khanali, M., & Demirbas, A. (2018). A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives. Energy Conversion and Management, 174, 579-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.050
  • Jiang, X. Q., Mei, X. D., & Feng, D. (2016). Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of thoracic disease, 8(1), E31. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50
  • John, B. J., Harish, C., Lawrence, C. C., Krishnakumar, S., Divakaran, S., Premkumar, J., ... & Jagadeesan, A. K. (2023). Monitoring indoor air quality using smart integrated gas sensor module (IGSM) for improving health in COPD patients. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 28889-28902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24117-y.
  • K., Xu, M., & Liu, M. (2018). Health status and air pollution related socioeconomic concerns in urban China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0719-y
  • Kelishadi, R., & Poursafa, P. (2010). Air pollution and non-respiratory health hazards for children. Archives of Medical Science, 6(4), 483-495. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14458.
  • Kılıç, Z. (2021). Water Pollution: Causes, Negative Effects and Prevention Methods. Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 3(1), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.47769/izufbed.862679.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
  • Nasrallehzadeh Saravi, H., Safari, R., Naderi, M. J., Makhough, A., Foong, S. Y., Baloei, M., ... & Razeghian, G. R. (2023). Spatial-temporal investigation of water quality and pollution of Sirvan River (Sanandaj-Kurdistan). International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 3(2), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V3I2/10
  • Neidell, M. J. (2004). Air pollution, health, and socio-economic status: the effect of outdoor air quality on childhood asthma. Journal of Health Economics, 23(6), 1209–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.05.002.
  • Orru, K., Nordin, S., Harzia, H., & Orru, H. (2018). The role of perceived air pollution and health risk perception in health symptoms and disease: A population-based study combined with modelled levels of PM 10. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 91, 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1303-x
  • Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0
  • Rahman, S. Z. A., Ahad, N. A., & Friday, O. (2021). Status Of Air Quality Before and During Reinforcement of Mco Due to Covid-19 Outbreak in Central and Southern Regions of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis JQMA, 17(2), 65-78. http://journalarticle.ukm.my/17939
  • Rajalakshmi, A. R., Jayakani, S., Shanmugam, H., & Ramakrishnan, P. R. (2024). Green Products and Electronic Word of Mouth: A Study Special Reference with Significance of Environmental Concern, Knowledge and Consciousness. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(4), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.4.13
  • Sahak, N., Asmat, A., & Yahaya, N. Z. (2022). Spatio-Temporal Air Pollutant Characterization for Urban Areas. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(1), 218-237. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.101015
  • Saini, J., Dutta, M., & Marques, G. (2020). A comprehensive review on indoor air quality monitoring systems for enhanced public health. Sustainable environment research, 30, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-020-0047-y
  • Saleem, H., Zaidi, S. J., Ismail, A. F., & Goh, P. S. (2022). Advances of nanomaterials for air pollution remediation and their impacts on the environment. Chemosphere, 287, 132083.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132083
  • Saravanan, S., J. Samuel Manoharan, Vimal Kumar, and S. Surenderanath. "A Dynamic Fuzzy Engine for adaptive control towards improvement of network performance in big data environment." Procedia Computer Science 215 (2022): 24-32.
  • Sarkar, S. M., Dhar, B. K., Fahlevi, M., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. J., Rahman, M. M., ... & Rajamani, R. (2023). Climate change and aging health in developing countries. Global Challenges, 7(8), 2200246. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200246
  • Shakir, M., Kumaran, U., & Rakesh, N. (2024). An Approach towards Forecasting Time Series Air Pol-lution Data Using LSTM-based Auto-Encoders. Journal of Internet Services and Information Se-curity, 14(2), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.58346/JISIS. 2024.I2.003
  • Turrentine, J. M. J., & Mackenzie, J. (2021). Air Pollution: Everything You Need to Know. NRDC. URL: https://www. nrdc. org/stories/air-pollution-everything-you-needknow.
  • Yap, C. K., & Peng, S. H. T. (2019). Cleaning contaminated soils by using microbial remediation: a review and challenges to the weaknesses. American journal of biomedical science and research, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.34297/AJBSR.2019.02.000589
  • Yap, C. K., Fitri, M., Mazyhar, Y., & Tan, S. G. (2010). Effects of metal contaminated soils on the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of Centella asiatica: A laboratory study. Sains malaysiana, 39(3), 347-352.
  • Yap, C. K., Peng, S. H. T., & Leow, C. S. (2019). Contamination in Pasir Gudang area, peninsular Malaysia: What can we learn from Kim Kim River chemical waste contamination. J. Humanit. Educ. Dev, 1(2), 82-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.1.2.4
  • Zahid, A. Z. M., Bakar, A. A. A., Halim, N. F. M., & Salleh, M. Z. M. (2022, April). Air quality status before, during and after the pandemic COVID-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) at urban and suburban areas in Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1013, No. 1, p. 012007). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1013/1/012007
  • Zhu, Z., Jiao, T., & LiInnovative, Z. (2024). Applications of IoT in Smart Home Systems: Enhancing Environmental Monitoring with Integrated Sensor Technologies and MQTT Protocol. Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications, 15(4), 69-89. https://doi.org/10.58346/JOWUA.2024.I4.006

Public Perception of Air Pollution in Malaysia Before and After Movement Control Order: A Case Study

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 14 - 30, 01.04.2025

Kumar Krishnan , Chee Kong Yap , Tze Yik Austin Hew Muhammad Adam Hazieq Bin Mohd Roslan Jia Ming Chew Hideo Okamura Yoshifumi Horie Meng Chuan Ong Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Wan Hee Cheng

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1523895

Abstract

Air pollution is an environmental risk assessment method conducted in this journal review. Air pollution data review before the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) and after was answered by respondents. These respondents were collected randomly without selection of demographic ranges from non-university students in Malaysia within a period of 47 days. The data was then interpreted based on their demographic range, reviews, knowledge and awareness. It was to find out that there was no significant difference between demographic changes such as occupation, gender and race. Generally, it is to find that the air pollution (K et al., 2018) problem decreases after MCO where respondents have more positive opinions. Respondents also act neutrally when facing economic importance in environmental problems. However, respondents are active and positive in helping the environment personally or individually rather than collaborating with the country’s efforts in terms of financial contribution. The study is important to study the effect of air pollution in Malaysia, especially Selangor and KL as a city, to assess the pollution index and reduce ecological toxicology effects on affected areas. More studies need to be discovered for risk assessment of organisms in these involved areas as well. The primary objective of this study is to assess public perceptions of air pollution in Malaysia before and after the MCO (Turrentine & Mackenzie). The research also examines how demographic factors such as age, occupation, and race influence these perceptions.

Keywords

Air pollution mco malaysia air quality

Ethical Statement

The study involves the analysis of publicly available secondary data, which does not involve direct interaction with human participants or the collection of sensitive information.

Supporting Institution

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support via the Research Grant Scheme (Seed Grant no: INTI-FHLS-01-08-2023) provided by INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.

References

  • Abdullah, S. I. N. W., Sriganeshvarun, S., Kean Tat, F., Subramaniam, T., & Mohd Mustafa, A. A. (2023). Going green: the impact of green initiative events on environmental practice intentions. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(8), 1-23.
  • Abdullah, S., Mansor, A. A., Napi, N. N. L. M., Mansor, W. N. W., Ahmed, A. N., Ismail, M., & Ramly, Z. T. A. (2020). Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic. Science of the Total Environment, 729, 139022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139022
  • Al-Mutairi, K. A., & Yap, C. K. (2021). A review of heavy metals in coastal surface sediments from the Red Sea: health-ecological risk assessments. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062798
  • Borio, C. (2020). The Covid-19 economic crisis: Dangerously unique. Business economics (Cleveland, Ohio), 55(4), 181. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-020-00184-2
  • Bujang, J. S., Zakaria, M. H., & Arshad, A. (2006). Distribution and significance of seagrass ecosystems in Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 9(2), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980600705576
  • Dijana, Đ., & Jovana, T. M. (2023). Eco Tourism Development Based on Natural and Artificial Surroundings in Semberija and Majevica Area. Arhiv za tehničke nauke, 1(28), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.59456/afts.2023.1528.069Dj
  • Escobedo, F., Clavijo-López, R., Calle, E. A. C., Correa, S. R., García, A. G., Galarza, F. W. M., ... & Flores-Tananta, C. A. (2024). Effect of Health Education on Environmental Pollution as a Primary Factor in Sustainable Development. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 9(2), 460-471. http://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1574456
  • Hajat, A., Hsia, C., & O’Neill, M. S. (2015). Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: a global review. Current environmental health reports, 2, 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-015-0069-5
  • Hong, Y. H., Khan, N., & Abdullah, M. M. (2013). The determinants of hybrid vehicle adoption: Malaysia perspective. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 347-454.
  • Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, H., Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., Khanali, M., & Demirbas, A. (2018). A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives. Energy Conversion and Management, 174, 579-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.050
  • Jiang, X. Q., Mei, X. D., & Feng, D. (2016). Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of thoracic disease, 8(1), E31. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50
  • John, B. J., Harish, C., Lawrence, C. C., Krishnakumar, S., Divakaran, S., Premkumar, J., ... & Jagadeesan, A. K. (2023). Monitoring indoor air quality using smart integrated gas sensor module (IGSM) for improving health in COPD patients. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 28889-28902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24117-y.
  • K., Xu, M., & Liu, M. (2018). Health status and air pollution related socioeconomic concerns in urban China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0719-y
  • Kelishadi, R., & Poursafa, P. (2010). Air pollution and non-respiratory health hazards for children. Archives of Medical Science, 6(4), 483-495. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14458.
  • Kılıç, Z. (2021). Water Pollution: Causes, Negative Effects and Prevention Methods. Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 3(1), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.47769/izufbed.862679.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
  • Nasrallehzadeh Saravi, H., Safari, R., Naderi, M. J., Makhough, A., Foong, S. Y., Baloei, M., ... & Razeghian, G. R. (2023). Spatial-temporal investigation of water quality and pollution of Sirvan River (Sanandaj-Kurdistan). International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 3(2), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V3I2/10
  • Neidell, M. J. (2004). Air pollution, health, and socio-economic status: the effect of outdoor air quality on childhood asthma. Journal of Health Economics, 23(6), 1209–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.05.002.
  • Orru, K., Nordin, S., Harzia, H., & Orru, H. (2018). The role of perceived air pollution and health risk perception in health symptoms and disease: A population-based study combined with modelled levels of PM 10. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 91, 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1303-x
  • Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0
  • Rahman, S. Z. A., Ahad, N. A., & Friday, O. (2021). Status Of Air Quality Before and During Reinforcement of Mco Due to Covid-19 Outbreak in Central and Southern Regions of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis JQMA, 17(2), 65-78. http://journalarticle.ukm.my/17939
  • Rajalakshmi, A. R., Jayakani, S., Shanmugam, H., & Ramakrishnan, P. R. (2024). Green Products and Electronic Word of Mouth: A Study Special Reference with Significance of Environmental Concern, Knowledge and Consciousness. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(4), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.4.13
  • Sahak, N., Asmat, A., & Yahaya, N. Z. (2022). Spatio-Temporal Air Pollutant Characterization for Urban Areas. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(1), 218-237. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.101015
  • Saini, J., Dutta, M., & Marques, G. (2020). A comprehensive review on indoor air quality monitoring systems for enhanced public health. Sustainable environment research, 30, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-020-0047-y
  • Saleem, H., Zaidi, S. J., Ismail, A. F., & Goh, P. S. (2022). Advances of nanomaterials for air pollution remediation and their impacts on the environment. Chemosphere, 287, 132083.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132083
  • Saravanan, S., J. Samuel Manoharan, Vimal Kumar, and S. Surenderanath. "A Dynamic Fuzzy Engine for adaptive control towards improvement of network performance in big data environment." Procedia Computer Science 215 (2022): 24-32.
  • Sarkar, S. M., Dhar, B. K., Fahlevi, M., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. J., Rahman, M. M., ... & Rajamani, R. (2023). Climate change and aging health in developing countries. Global Challenges, 7(8), 2200246. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200246
  • Shakir, M., Kumaran, U., & Rakesh, N. (2024). An Approach towards Forecasting Time Series Air Pol-lution Data Using LSTM-based Auto-Encoders. Journal of Internet Services and Information Se-curity, 14(2), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.58346/JISIS. 2024.I2.003
  • Turrentine, J. M. J., & Mackenzie, J. (2021). Air Pollution: Everything You Need to Know. NRDC. URL: https://www. nrdc. org/stories/air-pollution-everything-you-needknow.
  • Yap, C. K., & Peng, S. H. T. (2019). Cleaning contaminated soils by using microbial remediation: a review and challenges to the weaknesses. American journal of biomedical science and research, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.34297/AJBSR.2019.02.000589
  • Yap, C. K., Fitri, M., Mazyhar, Y., & Tan, S. G. (2010). Effects of metal contaminated soils on the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of Centella asiatica: A laboratory study. Sains malaysiana, 39(3), 347-352.
  • Yap, C. K., Peng, S. H. T., & Leow, C. S. (2019). Contamination in Pasir Gudang area, peninsular Malaysia: What can we learn from Kim Kim River chemical waste contamination. J. Humanit. Educ. Dev, 1(2), 82-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.1.2.4
  • Zahid, A. Z. M., Bakar, A. A. A., Halim, N. F. M., & Salleh, M. Z. M. (2022, April). Air quality status before, during and after the pandemic COVID-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) at urban and suburban areas in Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1013, No. 1, p. 012007). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1013/1/012007
  • Zhu, Z., Jiao, T., & LiInnovative, Z. (2024). Applications of IoT in Smart Home Systems: Enhancing Environmental Monitoring with Integrated Sensor Technologies and MQTT Protocol. Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications, 15(4), 69-89. https://doi.org/10.58346/JOWUA.2024.I4.006
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pollution and Contamination (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kumar Krishnan 0000-0002-9622-437X

Chee Kong Yap 0000-0003-0317-0999

Tze Yik Austin Hew 0009-0001-3358-698X

Muhammad Adam Hazieq Bin Mohd Roslan 0009-0003-4982-0608

Jia Ming Chew 0009-0000-3666-0447

Hideo Okamura 0000-0002-7224-6275

Yoshifumi Horie 0000-0002-4558-8624

Meng Chuan Ong 0000-0003-0095-6849

Ahmad Dwi Setyawan 0009-0001-7426-6659

Wan Hee Cheng 0000-0002-2311-2377

Publication Date April 1, 2025
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date October 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Krishnan, K., Yap, C. K., Hew, T. Y. A., Roslan, M. A. H. B. M., et al. (2025). Public Perception of Air Pollution in Malaysia Before and After Movement Control Order: A Case Study. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 10(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1523895

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