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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 393 - 402, 01.04.2025

Mayada Sahib Hassan , Hayder Talib Mahdi Marwa Sabah Majed Ali Farid Shakir Ameer H. Alsafah Nada Abdulhussein Alkafaji

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651172

Abstract

References

  • Andoni, E., Curone, G., Agradi, S., Barbato, O., Menchetti, L., Vigo, D., ... & Brecchia, G. (2021). Effect of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) supplementation on reproductive performance of rabbit does. Animals, 11(6), 1672.
  • Babakhanzadeh, E., Nazari, M., Ghasemifar, S., & Khodadadian, A. (2020). Some of the factors involved in male infertility: a prospective review. International journal of general medicine, 29-41.
  • Bagchi, D., Stohs, S. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, M., & Preuss, H. G. (2002). Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium. Toxicology, 180(1), 5-22.
  • Castrica, M., Menchetti, L., Balzaretti, C.C.M., Branciari, R., Ranucci, D., Cotozzolo, E., Vigo, D., Curone, G., Brecchia, G., Miraglia, D. (2020). Impact of dietary supplementation with goji berries (Lycium barbarum) on microbiological quality, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of rabbit meat. Foods, 9(10), 1480.
  • Çetinkaya, S. (2020). The effects of sous-vide cooking method on rainbow trout by adding natural antioxidant effective sage: basic quality criteria. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(3), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.832987
  • Cupo, D. Y., & Wetterhahn, K. E. (1985). Binding of chromium to chromatin and DNA from liver and kidney of rats treated with sodium dichromate and chromium (III) chloride in vivo. Cancer research, 45(3), 1146-1151.
  • Du, M., Hu, X., Kou, L., Zhang, B., & Zhang, C. (2016). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide mediated the antidiabetic and antinephritic effects in diet‐streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats via regulation of NF‐κB. BioMed research international, 2016(1), 3140290.
  • Dunn, S.R., Qi, Z., Bottinger, E. P., Breyer, M. D.& Sharma, K. (2004). Utility of endogenous creatinine clearance as a measure of renal function in mice. Kidney international, 65(5): 1959-1967.
  • Hfaiedh, M., Brahmi, D., & Zourgui, L. (2014). Protective role of cactus cladodes extract on sodium dichromate-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress in rats. Biological trace element research, 159, 304-311.
  • Jiang, C., Chen, Z., Liao, W., Zhang, R., Chen, G., Ma, L., & Yu, H. (2024). The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways. Plants, 13(11), 1531.
  • Jing, W., Jabbari, B. & Vaziri, N.D. (2018). Uremia induces upregulation of cerebral tissue oxidative/inflammatory cascade, downregulation of Nrf2 pathway and disruption of blood brain barrier. American journal of translational research, 10(7): 2137.
  • Jobson, M. C., & Subhashini, R. (2017). To Associate Post Traumatic Stress and Sociodemographic Variables among Children with Congenital Heart Disease. International Academic Journal of Humanities, 4(1), 31–36.
  • Kavsak, P. A., Worster, A., Hill, S. A., MacRae, A. R., & Jaffe, A. S. (2017). Analytical comparison of three different versions of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay over 10 years. Clinica Acta, 475, 51-55.
  • Kawanishi, S., Inoue, S., & Sano, S. (1986). Mechanism of DNA cleavage induced by sodium chromate (VI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(13), 5952-5958.
  • Kumar, K., Gupta, S. C., Baidoo, S. K., Chander, Y., & Rosen, C. J. (2005). Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with animal manure. Journal of environmental quality, 34(6), 2082-2085.
  • Lau, B.W., Lee, J.C, Li, Y., Fung, S.M., Sang, Y.H., et al. (2012). Polysaccharides from wolfberry prevents corticosterone-induced inhibition of sexual behavior and increases neurogenesis. PLoS One 7(4): e33374.
  • Lee, A. J., Hodges, N. J., & Chipman, J. K. (2005). Interindividual Variability in Response to Sodium Dichromate–Induced Oxidative DNA Damage: Role of the Ser326Cys Polymorphism in the DNA-Repair Protein of 8-Oxo-7, 8-Dihydro-2′-Deoxyguanosine DNA Glycosylase 1. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(2), 497-505.‏
  • Liao, J., Liu, B., Zhong, W., Wang, G. D., Xu, Y. L., & Chen, X. (2019). Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against high-fat diet-induced renal injury and lipid deposition in rat kidneys. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 33(1), 7-17.
  • Liu, W. Y., Liu, R., Zhu, et al., (2016). “Structure characterization, chem-ical and enzymatic degradation, and chain conformation of anacidic polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L,” Carbohy-drate Polymers, 147, 114–124.
  • Lopez, H. P., Lopez, L. R. V., López, R. J. C., Gonzales, T. V. P., Lozano, S. M., & Ramírez, S. V. L. (2024). Study of Scientific Production on Stress at Work in Organizations. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(4), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.4.21
  • Maqbool, T., Ateeq, M., Khan, M. A., Rehman, H. U., Rehman, A., Iqbal, N., ... & Ullah, I. (2017). Endocrine abnormalities and DNA damage in welders’ exposure to Cr and Fe.
  • Mohammed, N. A., Hussein, M. M., Elshafey, H. F., & Abdou, H. M. (2023). Wheat Germ Oil Restores Testicular Function Through Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Male Adult Rats Exposed to Chromium VI. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 44.
  • Mujika, I., Busso, T., Lacoste, L., Barale, F., Geyssant, A., & Chatard, J. C. (1996). Modeled responses to training and taper in competitive swimmers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 28(2), 251-258.
  • Potterat, O. (2010). Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta medica, 76(01), 7-19.
  • Pritchard Jr, K. A., Ackerman, A., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2000). Chromium (VI) increases endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and decreases nitric oxide activity. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer, 19(3), 251-260.
  • Qi, Y.; Duan, G.; Fan, G.; Peng, N. (2022). Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on cell signal transduction pathways. Biomed. Pharmacother., 147, 112620.
  • Rim K-T. (2017). Reproductive toxic chemicals at work and efforts to protect workers’ health: a literature review. Saf Health Work,8(2):143–150.
  • Saxena, D.K., Murthy, R.C., Jain, V.K. and Chandra, S.V. (1990). Fetoplacental-maternal uptake of hexavalent chromium administered orally in rats and mice. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 45: 430–435.
  • Stohs, S. J., Bagchi, D., Hassoun, E., & Bagchi, M. (2001). Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of chromium and cadmium ions. Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology, and oncology, 20(2).
  • Sun, J. M., Zhang, X. W. Li, etc. (2018). Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on histopathology of mice testicular induced by formaldehyde. Family Medicine， (8): 160.
  • Sungur, Ş., & Atan, M. M. (2020). Effect of active packaging films containing natural antioxidant essential oils on the oxidative stability of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(3), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.832984
  • Uotila, M., Ruoslahti, E., & Engvall, E. (1981). Two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to human alpha-fetoprotein. Journal of immunological methods, 42(1), 11-15.
  • Walker, H. K., Hall, W. D., & Hurst, J. W. (1990). Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations.
  • Xiao, J., Zhu, Y., Liu, Y., Tipoe, G. L., Xing, F., & So, K. F. (2014). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates alcoholic cellular injury through TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 73-78.
  • Xie, J.-H., Tang, W., Jin, M.-L., Li, J.-E. and Xie, M.-Y. (2016). “Recent advances in bioactive polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity L., Zizyphus jujuba Mill, Plantago spp., and Morus spp.: structures and functionalities,” Food Hydrocolloids,60, 148–160.
  • Xin, T., Yao, H., Gao, H., Zhou, X., Ma, X., Xu, C., ... & Chen, S. (2013). Super food Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) traceability via an internal transcribed spacer 2 barcode. Food Research International, 54(2), 1699-1704.
  • Yadav, A., & Yadav, P. (2014). Role of Gender: Information Technology and Organisational Stress. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 1(2), 34–46.
  • Yan, L., Lu Bian, P. P., Xie, J. F., & Sun, S. Y. (2019). Research progress on protective effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the male reproductive system. TMR Aging, 1(2), 25-31.
  • Yang, N.H., Zhang, J. F. Li, etc. (2016). Research progress on reproductive protection effect and mechanism of Chinese traditional medicine polysaccharide. Journal of Jilin Medical College,40 (3):224 -228.
  • Yu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhi, J., Xing, R., He, L. (2020). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect mice from hyperuricaemia through promoting kidney excretion of uric acid and inhibiting liver xanthine oxidase. Pharm. Biol., 58, 944–949.
  • Yu, Z., Xia, M., Lan, J., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Wang, R., ... & Shi, Y. (2023). A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the genus Lycium in China. Food & Function, 14(7), 2998-3025.
  • Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Tian, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Li, J., & Yang, L. (2024). Advances in the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 263, 130173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130173
  • Zhao, Z.K., Yu, H.L., Liu, B., etc. (2016). Antioxidative mechanisum of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides promotes repair and regeneration following cavernous nerve injury. Neural Regeneration Research,11 (8):1312-1321.

Physiological Investigation of Lycium Barbarum's Protective Effects on Reproductive Hormones and Antioxidant Status Against Sodium Dichromate-Induced Toxicity in Male Rats

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 393 - 402, 01.04.2025

Mayada Sahib Hassan , Hayder Talib Mahdi Marwa Sabah Majed Ali Farid Shakir Ameer H. Alsafah Nada Abdulhussein Alkafaji

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651172

Abstract

This study investigated the protective effects of Lycium barbarum (goji berry) on sodium dichromate-induced toxicity in terms of functional and reproductive aspects of male sexual dysfunction, antioxidant status, testicular reproductive hormones, and fertility impairments in adult male rats. The hormones assessed in the study included testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as oxidative stress markers (namely, nitric oxide [NO]), antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and parameters of renal function (creatinine and urea). Four groups of twenty-four adult male rats were divided (n=6}/group). For four weeks, the first group was given distilled water as a control; for four weeks, the second group received an oral dose of Lycium barbarum (300 mg/kg body weight); for four weeks, the third group received an intraperitoneal injection of sodium dichromate (10 mg/kg body weight); and for four weeks, the fourth group received an injection of sodium dichromate (10 mg/kg body weight) followed by an oral dose of Lycium barbarum (300 mg/kg body weight). The results showed that the Lycium barbarum-treated group had better renal function (lowered urea and creatinine), increased SOD activity, decreased NO levels, and significantly increased testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. On the other hand, sodium dichromate intoxication increased oxidative stress (NO) and impaired renal function while drastically lowering levels of reproductive hormones and SOD activity. In summary, Lycium barbarum demonstrated protective benefits against oxidative stress and testicular damage caused by sodium dichromate, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent to reduce renal and reproductive toxicity.

Keywords

Lycium barbarum sodium dichromate reproductive hormones antioxidants oxidative stress kidney function

References

  • Andoni, E., Curone, G., Agradi, S., Barbato, O., Menchetti, L., Vigo, D., ... & Brecchia, G. (2021). Effect of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) supplementation on reproductive performance of rabbit does. Animals, 11(6), 1672.
  • Babakhanzadeh, E., Nazari, M., Ghasemifar, S., & Khodadadian, A. (2020). Some of the factors involved in male infertility: a prospective review. International journal of general medicine, 29-41.
  • Bagchi, D., Stohs, S. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, M., & Preuss, H. G. (2002). Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium. Toxicology, 180(1), 5-22.
  • Castrica, M., Menchetti, L., Balzaretti, C.C.M., Branciari, R., Ranucci, D., Cotozzolo, E., Vigo, D., Curone, G., Brecchia, G., Miraglia, D. (2020). Impact of dietary supplementation with goji berries (Lycium barbarum) on microbiological quality, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of rabbit meat. Foods, 9(10), 1480.
  • Çetinkaya, S. (2020). The effects of sous-vide cooking method on rainbow trout by adding natural antioxidant effective sage: basic quality criteria. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(3), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.832987
  • Cupo, D. Y., & Wetterhahn, K. E. (1985). Binding of chromium to chromatin and DNA from liver and kidney of rats treated with sodium dichromate and chromium (III) chloride in vivo. Cancer research, 45(3), 1146-1151.
  • Du, M., Hu, X., Kou, L., Zhang, B., & Zhang, C. (2016). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide mediated the antidiabetic and antinephritic effects in diet‐streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats via regulation of NF‐κB. BioMed research international, 2016(1), 3140290.
  • Dunn, S.R., Qi, Z., Bottinger, E. P., Breyer, M. D.& Sharma, K. (2004). Utility of endogenous creatinine clearance as a measure of renal function in mice. Kidney international, 65(5): 1959-1967.
  • Hfaiedh, M., Brahmi, D., & Zourgui, L. (2014). Protective role of cactus cladodes extract on sodium dichromate-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress in rats. Biological trace element research, 159, 304-311.
  • Jiang, C., Chen, Z., Liao, W., Zhang, R., Chen, G., Ma, L., & Yu, H. (2024). The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways. Plants, 13(11), 1531.
  • Jing, W., Jabbari, B. & Vaziri, N.D. (2018). Uremia induces upregulation of cerebral tissue oxidative/inflammatory cascade, downregulation of Nrf2 pathway and disruption of blood brain barrier. American journal of translational research, 10(7): 2137.
  • Jobson, M. C., & Subhashini, R. (2017). To Associate Post Traumatic Stress and Sociodemographic Variables among Children with Congenital Heart Disease. International Academic Journal of Humanities, 4(1), 31–36.
  • Kavsak, P. A., Worster, A., Hill, S. A., MacRae, A. R., & Jaffe, A. S. (2017). Analytical comparison of three different versions of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay over 10 years. Clinica Acta, 475, 51-55.
  • Kawanishi, S., Inoue, S., & Sano, S. (1986). Mechanism of DNA cleavage induced by sodium chromate (VI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(13), 5952-5958.
  • Kumar, K., Gupta, S. C., Baidoo, S. K., Chander, Y., & Rosen, C. J. (2005). Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with animal manure. Journal of environmental quality, 34(6), 2082-2085.
  • Lau, B.W., Lee, J.C, Li, Y., Fung, S.M., Sang, Y.H., et al. (2012). Polysaccharides from wolfberry prevents corticosterone-induced inhibition of sexual behavior and increases neurogenesis. PLoS One 7(4): e33374.
  • Lee, A. J., Hodges, N. J., & Chipman, J. K. (2005). Interindividual Variability in Response to Sodium Dichromate–Induced Oxidative DNA Damage: Role of the Ser326Cys Polymorphism in the DNA-Repair Protein of 8-Oxo-7, 8-Dihydro-2′-Deoxyguanosine DNA Glycosylase 1. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(2), 497-505.‏
  • Liao, J., Liu, B., Zhong, W., Wang, G. D., Xu, Y. L., & Chen, X. (2019). Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against high-fat diet-induced renal injury and lipid deposition in rat kidneys. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 33(1), 7-17.
  • Liu, W. Y., Liu, R., Zhu, et al., (2016). “Structure characterization, chem-ical and enzymatic degradation, and chain conformation of anacidic polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L,” Carbohy-drate Polymers, 147, 114–124.
  • Lopez, H. P., Lopez, L. R. V., López, R. J. C., Gonzales, T. V. P., Lozano, S. M., & Ramírez, S. V. L. (2024). Study of Scientific Production on Stress at Work in Organizations. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(4), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.4.21
  • Maqbool, T., Ateeq, M., Khan, M. A., Rehman, H. U., Rehman, A., Iqbal, N., ... & Ullah, I. (2017). Endocrine abnormalities and DNA damage in welders’ exposure to Cr and Fe.
  • Mohammed, N. A., Hussein, M. M., Elshafey, H. F., & Abdou, H. M. (2023). Wheat Germ Oil Restores Testicular Function Through Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Male Adult Rats Exposed to Chromium VI. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 44.
  • Mujika, I., Busso, T., Lacoste, L., Barale, F., Geyssant, A., & Chatard, J. C. (1996). Modeled responses to training and taper in competitive swimmers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 28(2), 251-258.
  • Potterat, O. (2010). Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta medica, 76(01), 7-19.
  • Pritchard Jr, K. A., Ackerman, A., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2000). Chromium (VI) increases endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and decreases nitric oxide activity. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer, 19(3), 251-260.
  • Qi, Y.; Duan, G.; Fan, G.; Peng, N. (2022). Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on cell signal transduction pathways. Biomed. Pharmacother., 147, 112620.
  • Rim K-T. (2017). Reproductive toxic chemicals at work and efforts to protect workers’ health: a literature review. Saf Health Work,8(2):143–150.
  • Saxena, D.K., Murthy, R.C., Jain, V.K. and Chandra, S.V. (1990). Fetoplacental-maternal uptake of hexavalent chromium administered orally in rats and mice. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 45: 430–435.
  • Stohs, S. J., Bagchi, D., Hassoun, E., & Bagchi, M. (2001). Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of chromium and cadmium ions. Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology, and oncology, 20(2).
  • Sun, J. M., Zhang, X. W. Li, etc. (2018). Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on histopathology of mice testicular induced by formaldehyde. Family Medicine， (8): 160.
  • Sungur, Ş., & Atan, M. M. (2020). Effect of active packaging films containing natural antioxidant essential oils on the oxidative stability of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(3), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.832984
  • Uotila, M., Ruoslahti, E., & Engvall, E. (1981). Two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to human alpha-fetoprotein. Journal of immunological methods, 42(1), 11-15.
  • Walker, H. K., Hall, W. D., & Hurst, J. W. (1990). Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations.
  • Xiao, J., Zhu, Y., Liu, Y., Tipoe, G. L., Xing, F., & So, K. F. (2014). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates alcoholic cellular injury through TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 73-78.
  • Xie, J.-H., Tang, W., Jin, M.-L., Li, J.-E. and Xie, M.-Y. (2016). “Recent advances in bioactive polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity L., Zizyphus jujuba Mill, Plantago spp., and Morus spp.: structures and functionalities,” Food Hydrocolloids,60, 148–160.
  • Xin, T., Yao, H., Gao, H., Zhou, X., Ma, X., Xu, C., ... & Chen, S. (2013). Super food Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) traceability via an internal transcribed spacer 2 barcode. Food Research International, 54(2), 1699-1704.
  • Yadav, A., & Yadav, P. (2014). Role of Gender: Information Technology and Organisational Stress. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 1(2), 34–46.
  • Yan, L., Lu Bian, P. P., Xie, J. F., & Sun, S. Y. (2019). Research progress on protective effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the male reproductive system. TMR Aging, 1(2), 25-31.
  • Yang, N.H., Zhang, J. F. Li, etc. (2016). Research progress on reproductive protection effect and mechanism of Chinese traditional medicine polysaccharide. Journal of Jilin Medical College,40 (3):224 -228.
  • Yu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhi, J., Xing, R., He, L. (2020). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect mice from hyperuricaemia through promoting kidney excretion of uric acid and inhibiting liver xanthine oxidase. Pharm. Biol., 58, 944–949.
  • Yu, Z., Xia, M., Lan, J., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Wang, R., ... & Shi, Y. (2023). A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the genus Lycium in China. Food & Function, 14(7), 2998-3025.
  • Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Tian, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Li, J., & Yang, L. (2024). Advances in the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 263, 130173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130173
  • Zhao, Z.K., Yu, H.L., Liu, B., etc. (2016). Antioxidative mechanisum of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides promotes repair and regeneration following cavernous nerve injury. Neural Regeneration Research,11 (8):1312-1321.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mayada Sahib Hassan 0000-0001-7169-2217

Hayder Talib Mahdi 0000-0002-1288-8591

Marwa Sabah Majed 0009-0007-5305-7085

Ali Farid Shakir 0000-0003-1451-6326

Ameer H. Alsafah 0009-0003-8416-4028

Nada Abdulhussein Alkafaji 0009-0009-1720-6850

Publication Date April 1, 2025
Submission Date March 4, 2025
Acceptance Date March 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hassan, M. S., Mahdi, H. T., Majed, M. S., Shakir, A. F., et al. (2025). Physiological Investigation of Lycium Barbarum’s Protective Effects on Reproductive Hormones and Antioxidant Status Against Sodium Dichromate-Induced Toxicity in Male Rats. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 10(1), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651172

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