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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 425 - 435, 01.04.2025

Luay Salam Khaleefah , Mahdi Hassan Hussain Haneen Abdulamir Alasady

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651206

Abstract

References

  • Abd El-Shahid, E. Y. M. (2021). Chemical residues in meat Products (Doctoral dissertation, Benha University).
  • Achour, A., A. Derouiche, M. R. Driss and O. Tebourbi (2023). "Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in adipose tissue of women from Grand Tunis and their association with demographic factors and dietary habits." Chemosphere 338: 139600.
  • Agahi, F., G. Font, C. Juan and A. Juan-García (2020). "Individual and combined effect of zearalenone derivates and beauvericin mycotoxins on SH-SY5Y cells." Toxins 12(4): 212.
  • Al-Amri, I., I. T. Kadim, A. AlKindi, A. Hamaed, R. Al-Magbali, S. Khalaf, K. Al-Hosni and F. Mabood (2021). "Determination of residues of pesticides, anabolic steroids, antibiotics, and antibacterial compounds in meat products in Oman by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay." Vet World 14(3): 709-720.
  • Albano, G. D., Amico, F., Cocimano, G., Liberto, A., Maglietta, F., Esposito, M., ... & Montana, A. (2021, January). Adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids: a literature review. In Healthcare 9(1), 97. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010097
  • Arenas, M., J. Martín, J. L. Santos, I. Aparicio and E. Alonso (2022). "Enantioselective behavior of environmental chiral pollutants: A comprehensive review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52(17): 2995-3034.
  • Assegid, W., & Ketema, G. (2023). Harnessing AI for Early Cancer Detection through Imaging and Genetics. Clinical Journal for Medicine, Health and Pharmacy, 1(1), 1-15.
  • Badawy, M. T., M. Sobeh, J. Xiao and M. A. Farag (2021). "Androstenedione (a natural steroid and a drug supplement): a comprehensive review of its consumption, metabolism, health effects, and toxicity with sex differences." Molecules 26(20): 6210.
  • Bai, R., Huang, Y., Wang, F., & Guo, J. (2020). Associations of fluoride exposure with sex steroid hormones among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2013–2016. Environmental Pollution, 260, 114003.
  • Barakat, D. A. and F. A.-A. H. Hady (2017). "Effect of frozen meat in the hormonal imbalance in male in the Diwaniyah city."
  • Benatta, M., R. Kettache, N. Buchholz and A. Trinchieri (2020). "The impact of nutrition and lifestyle on male fertility." Archivio Italiano Di Urologia e Andrologia 92(2).
  • Buralli, R. J., R. C. Marques and J. G. Dórea (2023). "Pesticide effects on children's growth and neurodevelopment." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 31: 100417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100417
  • Castrejón-Godínez, M. L., A. Rodríguez, E. Sánchez-Salinas, P. Mussali-Galante, E. Tovar-Sánchez and M. L. Ortiz-Hernández (2022). Soils Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Current Situations, Management, and Bioremediation Techniques: A Mexican Case Study. Pesticides Bioremediation, Springer: 413-453.
  • Cinar, C. (2024). Adapting food preferences: the social, emotional, and genetic roots of preferences for meats versus plants.
  • Devi, N. L. (2020). "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): environmental risks, toxicological effects, and bioremediation for environmental safety and challenges for future research." Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety: Volume I: Industrial Waste and Its Management: 53-76.
  • Doust, A. V. (2017). Comparison of general health between migrant men and women inhabitant of Emam town in Chamestan city. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 198–206.
  • Dziurakh, Y., Kulyniak, I., Sarkisian, H., Zhygalo, I., Chepil, B., & Vaskovych, K. (2024). Intrusion Detection Systems for Smart Tourism Platforms: Safeguarding Food Safety and User Privacy. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 14(4), 484-498. https://doi.org/10.58346/JISIS.2024.I4.030
  • Evans, H. C., Briggs, E. F., Burnett, R. H., Contreras-Correa, Z. E., Duvic, M. A., Dysart, L. M., ... & Memili, E. (2022). Harnessing the value of reproductive hormones in cattle production with considerations to animal welfare and human health. Journal of animal science, 100(7), skac177.
  • Gohil, H. and A. Ogram (2020). "The microbial degradation of DDT and potential remediation strategies." Bioremediation Technology: 1-24.
  • Gómez, I., R. Janardhanan, F. C. Ibañez and M. J. Beriain (2020). "The effects of processing and preservation technologies on meat quality: Sensory and nutritional aspects." Foods 9(10): 1416.
  • Gržinić, G., A. Piotrowicz-Cieślak, A. Klimkowicz-Pawlas, R. L. Guo Górny, A. Ławniczek-Wałczyk, L. Piechowicz, E. Olkowska, M. Potrykus, M. Tankiewicz, M. Krupka, G. Siebielec and L. Wolska (2023). "Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health." Science of The Total Environment 858: 160014.
  • Guo, Z., X. Feng, G. He, H. Yang, T. Zhong, Y. Xiao and X. Yu (2024). "Using bioactive compounds to mitigate the formation of typical chemical contaminants generated during the thermal processing of different food matrices." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23(5): e13409.
  • He, Y., Q. Tao, F. Zhou, Y. Si, R. Fu, B. Xu, J. Xu, X. Li and B. Chen (2021). "The relationship between dairy products intake and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of observational studies." BMC cancer 21: 1-12.
  • Jing, S., C. Liu, J. Zheng, Z. Dong and N. Guo (2022). "Toxicity of zearalenone and its nutritional intervention by natural products." Food & Function 13(20): 10374-10400.
  • Leu, A. F. (2022). Pesticide safety in livestock products. In Managing Healthy Livestock Production and Consumption (pp. 73-91). Academic Press.
  • Machate, D. J. (2023). "Anthropogenic hyperactivity for natural resources increases heavy metals concentrations in the environment: Toxicity of healthy food and cancer risks estimated." Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals 4: 100057.
  • Manyi-Loh, C., S. Mamphweli, E. Meyer and A. Okoh (2018). "Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications." Molecules 23(4).
  • Marlatt, V., S. Bayen, D. Castaneda-Cortès, G. Delbès, P. Grigorova, V. S. Langlois, C. J. Martyniuk, C. D. Metcalfe, L. Parent and A. Rwigemera (2022). "Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans." Environmental Research 208: 112584.
  • Mathiesen, L., T. A. Mørck, M. S. Poulsen, J. K. S. Nielsen, T. Mose, M. Long, E. Bonefeld-Jørgensen, R. Bossi and L. E. Knudsen (2020). "Placental transfer of pesticides studied in human placental perfusion." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 127(6): 505-515.
  • Murad, H. O., F. A. Muhamad, A. Y. Hamadameen, S. New and K. Region (2016). "Identification and quantification of anabolic steroids in imported frozen beef muscles in sulaimani market using HPLC." Pakistan Journal of Food Sciences 26(2): 72-82.
  • Nandhinieswari, S., & Indumathi, A. (2024). Bilevel optimized recursive feature eliminator for cervical cancer feature selection process. Archives for Technical Sciences, 2(31), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.70102/afts.2024.1631.311
  • Năstăsescu, V., M. Mititelu, M. Goumenou, A. O. Docea, E. Renieri, D. I. Udeanu, E. Oprea, A. L. Arsene, C. E. Dinu-Pîrvu and M. Ghica (2020). "Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk." Food and Chemical Toxicology 146: 111844.
  • Noori, A. M. (2023). Spatiotemporal Land Cover Transformation Assessment of Kirkuk City Using Remote Sensing Data. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology, 14(1), 8–15. Retrieved from https://erlibrary.org/erl/index.php/ijaeet/article/view/3
  • Novo, C. S., A. Barros, V. Feddern, A. Coldebella and G. N. Scheuermann (2021). "Determination of Eleven Veterinary Drugs in Chicken Meat and Liver."
  • Oo, K. (2023). Effects Of Pesticides on Human Health, EPA.
  • Pleadin, J. and M. Samardžija (2019). "Hormonally active substances in the food chain from farm animals to consumers." Veterinarska stanica 50(6): 501-512.
  • Qaid, M. M. and K. A. Abdoun (2022). "Safety and concerns of hormonal application in farm animal production: A review." Journal of Applied Animal Research 50(1): 426-439.
  • Rashidi, M., & Shafei, R. (2014). Using structural equation modelling to survey Corporate Image components in the Food manufacturing. International Academic Journal of Economics, 1(1), 59–66.
  • Rath, A. P., S. Panda, R. Pandey, A. Routray and K. Sethy (2018). "Hormone residues in milk and meat products and their public health significance." Pharm. Innov. J 7(1): 489-494.
  • Risto, U., Zehra, H. M., Biljana, S. D., Elizabeta, D. S., Aleksandra, T., & Velimir, S. (2013). Validation of screening method for determination of methyltestosterone in fish. Maced. Vet. Rev, 36, 19-23.
  • Said, T. O., & El Zokm, G. M. (2024). Persistent Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems. Classification, Toxicity, Remediation and Future Springer, 1.
  • Smith, B. (2024). "Profitability of growth-enhancing technologies in Canadian feeder cattle production."
  • Syed, S., S. Qasim, M. Ejaz, Sammar, N. Khan, H. Ali, H. Zaker, E. Hatzidaki, C. Mamoulakis, A. Tsatsakis, S. T. A. Shah and S. Amir (2023). "Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review." Toxics 11(9).
  • Tresise, M. M. (2014). The use of selected biomarkers to determine the effects of veterinary growth stimulants in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
  • Wondimu, K. T. and A. K. Geletu (2023). "Residue analysis of selected organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in commercial tomato fruits by gas chromatography mass spectrometry." Heliyon 9(3): e14121.
  • Yilmaz, S., & Demirhan, S. A. (2020). Age, growth parameters and food composition of Invasive Red Lionfish (Pterois volitans L., 1758) in İskenderun Bay. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.756730
  • Zhang, G. L., Y. L. Feng, J. L. Song and X. S. Zhou (2018). "Zearalenone: A Mycotoxin with Different Toxic Effect in Domestic and Laboratory Animals' Granulosa Cells." Front Genet 9: 667.

The Impact of Chemical Residues in Meat Products on Human Nutritional and Health

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 425 - 435, 01.04.2025

Luay Salam Khaleefah , Mahdi Hassan Hussain Haneen Abdulamir Alasady

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651206

Abstract

This study aimed to identify specific chemical pollutants in sausages, lunch meat, minced meat, and burgers. In all, 172 meat product samples (43 of each burger, minced meat, lunch meat, and sausage) were gathered from several local markets in the Iraqi provinces of Baghdad and Babil. The quantities of progesterone, zeranol, and trenbolone hormone residues, Additionally, the samples' levels of pesticide residues were tested. The mean values of 1.0055, 0.6166, and 0.8222 ppb for sausage, minced meat, and luncheon meat, respectively, the occurrence of zeranol residue in burgers was zero and 100%. Trenbolone traces were found in every meat product sample that was examined, including sausages, lunch meat, minced beef, and burgers. The corresponding mean values for these residues were 0.2372, 0.3181, 0.3094, and 0.3261 ppb. Progesterone residues were measured in every burger, minced meat, lunch meat, and sausage samples that were analyzed. The mean values of these residues were 0.0638, 0.0827, 0.0455, and 0.0366 ppb, respectively. All analyzed samples of burgers, minced meat, lunch meat, and sausages had PP.DDT residues are found in them. Minced beef had a higher mean PP than other meat product sample's DDT value (2.9880 ppm). Only the burger and minced meat samples had methoxychlor residues, with mean values of 49.5820 and 48.9938 ppm; lunch meat and sausage samples did not have methoxychlor residues—however, PP. DDE was absent from every sample. All burgers, minced beef, lunch meat, and sausage samples had their PP. DDD recorded mean values of 0.872, 0.903, 0.914, and 0.982. As a result, we must regularly check for chemical residues like hormones as a precautionary measure for food quality and pesticides in certain meat products since these residues present a severe danger to public health.

Keywords

Hormone residues meat zeranol progesterone trenbolone toxins pesticide residues

References

  • Abd El-Shahid, E. Y. M. (2021). Chemical residues in meat Products (Doctoral dissertation, Benha University).
  • Achour, A., A. Derouiche, M. R. Driss and O. Tebourbi (2023). "Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in adipose tissue of women from Grand Tunis and their association with demographic factors and dietary habits." Chemosphere 338: 139600.
  • Agahi, F., G. Font, C. Juan and A. Juan-García (2020). "Individual and combined effect of zearalenone derivates and beauvericin mycotoxins on SH-SY5Y cells." Toxins 12(4): 212.
  • Al-Amri, I., I. T. Kadim, A. AlKindi, A. Hamaed, R. Al-Magbali, S. Khalaf, K. Al-Hosni and F. Mabood (2021). "Determination of residues of pesticides, anabolic steroids, antibiotics, and antibacterial compounds in meat products in Oman by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay." Vet World 14(3): 709-720.
  • Albano, G. D., Amico, F., Cocimano, G., Liberto, A., Maglietta, F., Esposito, M., ... & Montana, A. (2021, January). Adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids: a literature review. In Healthcare 9(1), 97. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010097
  • Arenas, M., J. Martín, J. L. Santos, I. Aparicio and E. Alonso (2022). "Enantioselective behavior of environmental chiral pollutants: A comprehensive review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52(17): 2995-3034.
  • Assegid, W., & Ketema, G. (2023). Harnessing AI for Early Cancer Detection through Imaging and Genetics. Clinical Journal for Medicine, Health and Pharmacy, 1(1), 1-15.
  • Badawy, M. T., M. Sobeh, J. Xiao and M. A. Farag (2021). "Androstenedione (a natural steroid and a drug supplement): a comprehensive review of its consumption, metabolism, health effects, and toxicity with sex differences." Molecules 26(20): 6210.
  • Bai, R., Huang, Y., Wang, F., & Guo, J. (2020). Associations of fluoride exposure with sex steroid hormones among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2013–2016. Environmental Pollution, 260, 114003.
  • Barakat, D. A. and F. A.-A. H. Hady (2017). "Effect of frozen meat in the hormonal imbalance in male in the Diwaniyah city."
  • Benatta, M., R. Kettache, N. Buchholz and A. Trinchieri (2020). "The impact of nutrition and lifestyle on male fertility." Archivio Italiano Di Urologia e Andrologia 92(2).
  • Buralli, R. J., R. C. Marques and J. G. Dórea (2023). "Pesticide effects on children's growth and neurodevelopment." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 31: 100417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100417
  • Castrejón-Godínez, M. L., A. Rodríguez, E. Sánchez-Salinas, P. Mussali-Galante, E. Tovar-Sánchez and M. L. Ortiz-Hernández (2022). Soils Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Current Situations, Management, and Bioremediation Techniques: A Mexican Case Study. Pesticides Bioremediation, Springer: 413-453.
  • Cinar, C. (2024). Adapting food preferences: the social, emotional, and genetic roots of preferences for meats versus plants.
  • Devi, N. L. (2020). "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): environmental risks, toxicological effects, and bioremediation for environmental safety and challenges for future research." Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety: Volume I: Industrial Waste and Its Management: 53-76.
  • Doust, A. V. (2017). Comparison of general health between migrant men and women inhabitant of Emam town in Chamestan city. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 198–206.
  • Dziurakh, Y., Kulyniak, I., Sarkisian, H., Zhygalo, I., Chepil, B., & Vaskovych, K. (2024). Intrusion Detection Systems for Smart Tourism Platforms: Safeguarding Food Safety and User Privacy. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 14(4), 484-498. https://doi.org/10.58346/JISIS.2024.I4.030
  • Evans, H. C., Briggs, E. F., Burnett, R. H., Contreras-Correa, Z. E., Duvic, M. A., Dysart, L. M., ... & Memili, E. (2022). Harnessing the value of reproductive hormones in cattle production with considerations to animal welfare and human health. Journal of animal science, 100(7), skac177.
  • Gohil, H. and A. Ogram (2020). "The microbial degradation of DDT and potential remediation strategies." Bioremediation Technology: 1-24.
  • Gómez, I., R. Janardhanan, F. C. Ibañez and M. J. Beriain (2020). "The effects of processing and preservation technologies on meat quality: Sensory and nutritional aspects." Foods 9(10): 1416.
  • Gržinić, G., A. Piotrowicz-Cieślak, A. Klimkowicz-Pawlas, R. L. Guo Górny, A. Ławniczek-Wałczyk, L. Piechowicz, E. Olkowska, M. Potrykus, M. Tankiewicz, M. Krupka, G. Siebielec and L. Wolska (2023). "Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health." Science of The Total Environment 858: 160014.
  • Guo, Z., X. Feng, G. He, H. Yang, T. Zhong, Y. Xiao and X. Yu (2024). "Using bioactive compounds to mitigate the formation of typical chemical contaminants generated during the thermal processing of different food matrices." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23(5): e13409.
  • He, Y., Q. Tao, F. Zhou, Y. Si, R. Fu, B. Xu, J. Xu, X. Li and B. Chen (2021). "The relationship between dairy products intake and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of observational studies." BMC cancer 21: 1-12.
  • Jing, S., C. Liu, J. Zheng, Z. Dong and N. Guo (2022). "Toxicity of zearalenone and its nutritional intervention by natural products." Food & Function 13(20): 10374-10400.
  • Leu, A. F. (2022). Pesticide safety in livestock products. In Managing Healthy Livestock Production and Consumption (pp. 73-91). Academic Press.
  • Machate, D. J. (2023). "Anthropogenic hyperactivity for natural resources increases heavy metals concentrations in the environment: Toxicity of healthy food and cancer risks estimated." Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals 4: 100057.
  • Manyi-Loh, C., S. Mamphweli, E. Meyer and A. Okoh (2018). "Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications." Molecules 23(4).
  • Marlatt, V., S. Bayen, D. Castaneda-Cortès, G. Delbès, P. Grigorova, V. S. Langlois, C. J. Martyniuk, C. D. Metcalfe, L. Parent and A. Rwigemera (2022). "Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans." Environmental Research 208: 112584.
  • Mathiesen, L., T. A. Mørck, M. S. Poulsen, J. K. S. Nielsen, T. Mose, M. Long, E. Bonefeld-Jørgensen, R. Bossi and L. E. Knudsen (2020). "Placental transfer of pesticides studied in human placental perfusion." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 127(6): 505-515.
  • Murad, H. O., F. A. Muhamad, A. Y. Hamadameen, S. New and K. Region (2016). "Identification and quantification of anabolic steroids in imported frozen beef muscles in sulaimani market using HPLC." Pakistan Journal of Food Sciences 26(2): 72-82.
  • Nandhinieswari, S., & Indumathi, A. (2024). Bilevel optimized recursive feature eliminator for cervical cancer feature selection process. Archives for Technical Sciences, 2(31), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.70102/afts.2024.1631.311
  • Năstăsescu, V., M. Mititelu, M. Goumenou, A. O. Docea, E. Renieri, D. I. Udeanu, E. Oprea, A. L. Arsene, C. E. Dinu-Pîrvu and M. Ghica (2020). "Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk." Food and Chemical Toxicology 146: 111844.
  • Noori, A. M. (2023). Spatiotemporal Land Cover Transformation Assessment of Kirkuk City Using Remote Sensing Data. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology, 14(1), 8–15. Retrieved from https://erlibrary.org/erl/index.php/ijaeet/article/view/3
  • Novo, C. S., A. Barros, V. Feddern, A. Coldebella and G. N. Scheuermann (2021). "Determination of Eleven Veterinary Drugs in Chicken Meat and Liver."
  • Oo, K. (2023). Effects Of Pesticides on Human Health, EPA.
  • Pleadin, J. and M. Samardžija (2019). "Hormonally active substances in the food chain from farm animals to consumers." Veterinarska stanica 50(6): 501-512.
  • Qaid, M. M. and K. A. Abdoun (2022). "Safety and concerns of hormonal application in farm animal production: A review." Journal of Applied Animal Research 50(1): 426-439.
  • Rashidi, M., & Shafei, R. (2014). Using structural equation modelling to survey Corporate Image components in the Food manufacturing. International Academic Journal of Economics, 1(1), 59–66.
  • Rath, A. P., S. Panda, R. Pandey, A. Routray and K. Sethy (2018). "Hormone residues in milk and meat products and their public health significance." Pharm. Innov. J 7(1): 489-494.
  • Risto, U., Zehra, H. M., Biljana, S. D., Elizabeta, D. S., Aleksandra, T., & Velimir, S. (2013). Validation of screening method for determination of methyltestosterone in fish. Maced. Vet. Rev, 36, 19-23.
  • Said, T. O., & El Zokm, G. M. (2024). Persistent Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems. Classification, Toxicity, Remediation and Future Springer, 1.
  • Smith, B. (2024). "Profitability of growth-enhancing technologies in Canadian feeder cattle production."
  • Syed, S., S. Qasim, M. Ejaz, Sammar, N. Khan, H. Ali, H. Zaker, E. Hatzidaki, C. Mamoulakis, A. Tsatsakis, S. T. A. Shah and S. Amir (2023). "Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review." Toxics 11(9).
  • Tresise, M. M. (2014). The use of selected biomarkers to determine the effects of veterinary growth stimulants in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
  • Wondimu, K. T. and A. K. Geletu (2023). "Residue analysis of selected organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in commercial tomato fruits by gas chromatography mass spectrometry." Heliyon 9(3): e14121.
  • Yilmaz, S., & Demirhan, S. A. (2020). Age, growth parameters and food composition of Invasive Red Lionfish (Pterois volitans L., 1758) in İskenderun Bay. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 5(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.756730
  • Zhang, G. L., Y. L. Feng, J. L. Song and X. S. Zhou (2018). "Zearalenone: A Mycotoxin with Different Toxic Effect in Domestic and Laboratory Animals' Granulosa Cells." Front Genet 9: 667.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Marine Biotechnology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Luay Salam Khaleefah 0000-0002-7289-0431

Mahdi Hassan Hussain 0000-0001-7961-9292

Haneen Abdulamir Alasady 0000-0001-8295-1392

Publication Date April 1, 2025
Submission Date March 4, 2025
Acceptance Date March 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Khaleefah, L. S., Hussain, M. H., & Alasady, H. A. (2025). The Impact of Chemical Residues in Meat Products on Human Nutritional and Health. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 10(1), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1651206

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