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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 436 - 445, 01.04.2025

Zeina N. Al-azawi

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1657657

Abstract

References

  • Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2020). Description of New Iraqi Spider Ananeon howardensis (Arachnida: Salticidae) and the Prey Capture Method. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 51, 611-615.https://doi.org/10.36872/LEPI/V51I1/301056.
  • Bala Krishna, M. (2021). A Robust Strategic Theory based Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in Cloud Environment. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 8(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.9756/IAJSE/V8I1/IAJSE0803
  • Camp, N. E. (2014). Black widow spider envenomation. Journal of emergency nursing, 40(2), 193-194.
  • Catalog, W. S. (2024). World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc. nmbe. ch. Accessed on 2024-8-29.
  • Cesaretli, Y., & Ozkan, O. (2011). A clinical and epidemiological study on spider bites in Turkey. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 4(2), 159-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60060-6
  • Clark, R. F., Wethern-Kestner, S., Vance, M. V., & Gerkin, R. (1992). Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Annals of emergency medicine, 21(7), 782-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81021-2
  • Escoubas, P., Diochot, S., & Corzo, G. (2000). Structure and pharmacology of spider venom neurotoxins. Biochimie, 82(9-10), 893-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01166-4
  • Foelix, R. (2011). Biology of Spiders (Third Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press:432
  • Garb, J. E., González, A., & Gillespie, R. G. (2004). The black widow spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae): phylogeny, biogeography, and invasion history. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 31(3), 1127-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.012
  • Hlushenkova, A., Kalinin, O., Navrozova, Y., Navolokina, A., Shcherbyna, V., & Doroshenko, T. (2024). Management of Strategies for Shaping the Innovative and Investment Potential of Enterprises as a Factor Ensuring Their Economic Security. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(3), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.3.03
  • Isbister, G. K., Seymour, J. E., Gray, M. R., & Raven, R. J. (2003). Bites by spiders of the family Theraphosidae in humans and canines. Toxicon, 41(4), 519-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00395-1
  • Jelinek, G. A. (1997). Widow spider envenomation (latrodectism): a worldwide problem. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 8(4), 226-231.
  • Jocqué, R., & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2006). Spider families of the world.
  • Knoflach, B., & van Harten, A. (2002). The genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from mainland Yemen, the Socotra Archipelago and adjacent countries. Fauna of Arabia, 19, 321-362.
  • Koh, W. L. (1998). When to worry about spider bites: inaccurate diagnosis can have serious, even fatal, consequences. Postgraduate medicine, 103(4), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1998.04.459
  • Levi, H.W. & Levi, L. R. (2014). Spiders and their Kin. St. Martin's Publishing Group, Golden press: 160
  • Lotz, L. N. (1994). Revision of the genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum, 10(1), 02-05.
  • Nicholson, G. M., & Graudins, A. (2002). Spiders of medical importance in the Asia–Pacific: Atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins. Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology, 29(9), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03741.x
  • Noordijk, J. (2016). nieuwe vondsten van weduwen latrodectus in nederland (araneae: theridiidae). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 47, 17-26.
  • Noori, H. G., & Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2022). Description new Species of the Spider Hasarius adansoni (Audouin 1826) (Araneae: Salticidae). Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(06), 575-575. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166575
  • Noori, H. G., & Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2023). First Record of Banded Garden Spider Argiope trifasciata Forskal, 1775 (Araneae: Araniedae) in Baghdad, Iraq. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(1), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2971
  • Peterson, M. E. (2006). Black widow spider envenomation. Clinical techniques in small animal practice, 21(4), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.003
  • Platnick, N. I. (2005). The World Spider Catalog, American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm
  • Prendini, L., & Wheeler, W. C. (2005). Scorpion higher phylogeny and classification, taxonomic anarchy, and standards for peer review in online publishing. Cladistics, 21(5), 446-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00073.x
  • Saidova, K., Madraimov, A., Kodirova, M., Madraimov, A., Kodirova, K., Babarakhimov, T., ... & Zokirov, K. (2024). Assessing the impact of invasive species on native aquatic ecosystems and developing management strategies. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 4, 45-51.https://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V4S1/8
  • Souri, A. M., Shafaie, S., Moradmand, M., & Mirshamsi, O. (2024). The spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Theridiidae) in Iran with the first record of Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 10(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.1.99
  • Tran, H., & Ngoc, D. (2024). The Influence of Effective Management on Hybrid Work Styles and Employee Wellness in Healthcare Organizations. Global Perspectives in Management, 2(4), 8-14
  • Vladimir, M. (2021). The Strategy of Management and Utilization of Mineral Raw Materials in the Republic of SRPSKA through the Globalization Era. Archives for Technical Sciences/Arhiv za Tehnicke Nauke, (25). https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.017M
  • White, J., & Meier, J. (2017). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons. CRC press.
  • WSC. (2022). World Spider Catalog. Natural Museum Bern Version 18. 5.. http://doi.org/10.24436/2.

Description Study to the Spider Latrodectus cinctus (Black Widow) (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Baghdad / Iraq

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 436 - 445, 01.04.2025

Zeina N. Al-azawi

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1657657

Abstract

This study investigates the Black Widow spider (Latrodectus cinctus) in Baghdad, Iraq. Limited knowledge exists regarding its distribution, behavior, and public health impact within the city. The research aims to identify the distribution and abundance of Latrodectus cinctus in Baghdad, analyze the ecological factors influencing its presence in urban environments, assess the public health implications of Black Widow spider bites, raise awareness about the risks associated with this spider, and propose management strategies to mitigate these risks. Field surveys, laboratory analyses, and data modeling will be employed. Black Widow spiders were collected on July 11, 2023, from the Abu Ghraib district, west of Baghdad. Morphological characteristics were used for identification following established protocols.

Keywords

Baghdad black widow spider ecology iraq latrodectus cinctus management strategies public health spider bites theridiidae

References

  • Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2020). Description of New Iraqi Spider Ananeon howardensis (Arachnida: Salticidae) and the Prey Capture Method. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 51, 611-615.https://doi.org/10.36872/LEPI/V51I1/301056.
  • Bala Krishna, M. (2021). A Robust Strategic Theory based Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in Cloud Environment. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 8(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.9756/IAJSE/V8I1/IAJSE0803
  • Camp, N. E. (2014). Black widow spider envenomation. Journal of emergency nursing, 40(2), 193-194.
  • Catalog, W. S. (2024). World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc. nmbe. ch. Accessed on 2024-8-29.
  • Cesaretli, Y., & Ozkan, O. (2011). A clinical and epidemiological study on spider bites in Turkey. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 4(2), 159-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60060-6
  • Clark, R. F., Wethern-Kestner, S., Vance, M. V., & Gerkin, R. (1992). Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Annals of emergency medicine, 21(7), 782-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81021-2
  • Escoubas, P., Diochot, S., & Corzo, G. (2000). Structure and pharmacology of spider venom neurotoxins. Biochimie, 82(9-10), 893-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01166-4
  • Foelix, R. (2011). Biology of Spiders (Third Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press:432
  • Garb, J. E., González, A., & Gillespie, R. G. (2004). The black widow spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae): phylogeny, biogeography, and invasion history. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 31(3), 1127-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.012
  • Hlushenkova, A., Kalinin, O., Navrozova, Y., Navolokina, A., Shcherbyna, V., & Doroshenko, T. (2024). Management of Strategies for Shaping the Innovative and Investment Potential of Enterprises as a Factor Ensuring Their Economic Security. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 14(3), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2024.14.3.03
  • Isbister, G. K., Seymour, J. E., Gray, M. R., & Raven, R. J. (2003). Bites by spiders of the family Theraphosidae in humans and canines. Toxicon, 41(4), 519-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00395-1
  • Jelinek, G. A. (1997). Widow spider envenomation (latrodectism): a worldwide problem. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 8(4), 226-231.
  • Jocqué, R., & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2006). Spider families of the world.
  • Knoflach, B., & van Harten, A. (2002). The genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from mainland Yemen, the Socotra Archipelago and adjacent countries. Fauna of Arabia, 19, 321-362.
  • Koh, W. L. (1998). When to worry about spider bites: inaccurate diagnosis can have serious, even fatal, consequences. Postgraduate medicine, 103(4), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1998.04.459
  • Levi, H.W. & Levi, L. R. (2014). Spiders and their Kin. St. Martin's Publishing Group, Golden press: 160
  • Lotz, L. N. (1994). Revision of the genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum: Researches of the National Museum, 10(1), 02-05.
  • Nicholson, G. M., & Graudins, A. (2002). Spiders of medical importance in the Asia–Pacific: Atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins. Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology, 29(9), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03741.x
  • Noordijk, J. (2016). nieuwe vondsten van weduwen latrodectus in nederland (araneae: theridiidae). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 47, 17-26.
  • Noori, H. G., & Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2022). Description new Species of the Spider Hasarius adansoni (Audouin 1826) (Araneae: Salticidae). Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(06), 575-575. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166575
  • Noori, H. G., & Al-Azawii, Z. N. (2023). First Record of Banded Garden Spider Argiope trifasciata Forskal, 1775 (Araneae: Araniedae) in Baghdad, Iraq. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(1), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2971
  • Peterson, M. E. (2006). Black widow spider envenomation. Clinical techniques in small animal practice, 21(4), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.003
  • Platnick, N. I. (2005). The World Spider Catalog, American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm
  • Prendini, L., & Wheeler, W. C. (2005). Scorpion higher phylogeny and classification, taxonomic anarchy, and standards for peer review in online publishing. Cladistics, 21(5), 446-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00073.x
  • Saidova, K., Madraimov, A., Kodirova, M., Madraimov, A., Kodirova, K., Babarakhimov, T., ... & Zokirov, K. (2024). Assessing the impact of invasive species on native aquatic ecosystems and developing management strategies. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 4, 45-51.https://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V4S1/8
  • Souri, A. M., Shafaie, S., Moradmand, M., & Mirshamsi, O. (2024). The spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Theridiidae) in Iran with the first record of Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 10(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.1.99
  • Tran, H., & Ngoc, D. (2024). The Influence of Effective Management on Hybrid Work Styles and Employee Wellness in Healthcare Organizations. Global Perspectives in Management, 2(4), 8-14
  • Vladimir, M. (2021). The Strategy of Management and Utilization of Mineral Raw Materials in the Republic of SRPSKA through the Globalization Era. Archives for Technical Sciences/Arhiv za Tehnicke Nauke, (25). https://doi.org/10.7251/afts.2021.1325.017M
  • White, J., & Meier, J. (2017). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons. CRC press.
  • WSC. (2022). World Spider Catalog. Natural Museum Bern Version 18. 5.. http://doi.org/10.24436/2.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Population Ecology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeina N. Al-azawi 0000-0003-3603-9380

Publication Date April 1, 2025
Submission Date March 14, 2025
Acceptance Date March 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA N. Al-azawi, Z. (2025). Description Study to the Spider Latrodectus cinctus (Black Widow) (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Baghdad / Iraq. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 10(1), 436-445. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1657657

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