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Periodontoloji Kliniğine Başvuran Hastaların Periodontal Duruma Göre Ağız Hijyeni Alışkanlıkları Konusundaki Farkındalıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 29 - 40, 28.04.2025

Kevser Sökmen

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2025.139

Abstract

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı, periodontoloji kliniğine başvuran hastaların periodontal durumlarına göre oral hijyen alışkanlıkları (OHH) konusundaki farkındalıklarını bir anket aracılığıyla incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya, periodontoloji kliniğine başvuran, klinik ve radyografik muayene sonucu periodontitis (n=200) ve gingivitis (n=200) teşhisi konulan 400 gönüllü hasta dahil edildi. Hastalara demografik veriler ve oral hijyen alışkanlıklarını içeren anket soruları karşılıklı soru-cevap şeklinde yönlendirildi.
Bulgular
Gingivitis grubunda kadın olgu oranı, 18-39 yaş arası olgu oranı, üniversite mezunu olgu oranı ve sigara kullanmama oranı periodontitis grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Gingivitis grubunda diş etindeki kanamanın neyin belirtisi olduğunu bilme oranları, günde iki veya daha fazla diş fırçalama oranı, elektrikli fırça kullanma oranı periodontitis grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Periodontitis grubunda kürdan kullanma oranı gingivitis grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Her iki grup arasında diğer bulgular açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamadı (p>0.05).
Sonuç
Bu çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda, hastaların diş fırçası dışındaki yardımcı ağız hijyeni araçlarının kullanımı konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı gösterilmiştir. Hastaların oral hijyen eğitimi ve motivasyonunun sağlanması gerektiği belirlendi.

Keywords

gingivitis periodontitis oral hijyen ağız sağlığı

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından 14.12.2022 tarihinde 14-02 numarasıyla onayladı.

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırmayı tamamlamak için herhangi bir hibe fonu alınmamıştır.

Thanks

Yazar, bu çalışmanın katılımcılarına işbirliklerinden dolayı teşekkür eder.

References

  • Valm AM. The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. J Mol Biol. 2019;431:2957-69.
  • Seneviratne CJ, Zhang CF, Samaranayake LP. Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease. Chin J Dent Res. 2011;14:87-94.
  • Hitz Lindenmüller I, Lambrecht JT. Oral care. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2011;40:107-15.
  • Jackson MA, Kellett M, Worthington HV, Clerehugh V. Comparison of interdental cleaning methods: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1421-9.
  • Van der Weijden FA, Van der Sluijs E, Ciancio SG, Slot DE. Can chemical mouthwash agents achieve plaque/gingivitis control? Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59:799-829.
  • Graziani F, Palazzolo A, Gennai S, Karapetsa D, Giuca MR, Cei S et al. Interdental plaque reduction after use of different devices in young subjects with intact papilla: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16:389-96.
  • Villalobos-Rodelo JJ, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G, Vallejos-Sánchez AA, Lau-Rojo L, de León-Viedas MV. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables associated with oral hygiene status in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. J Periodontol. 2007;78:816-22.
  • Santhosh K, Jyothi T, Prabu D, Suhas K. Socio-behavioral variables effecting oral hygiene and periodontal status of 12 year-old schoolchildren of Udaipur district. Odontostomatol Trop. 2013;36:27-33.
  • Hunter L, Newcombe R, Richmond S, Owens J, Addy M. The Cardiff dental survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6:199-204.
  • Sälzer S, Slot DE, Van der Weijden FA, Dörfer CE. Efficacy of inter-dental mechanical plaque control in managing gingivitis--a meta-review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:92-105.
  • Eren G, Becerik S. Diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastalarda periodontal durum ve ağız bakımı alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Medical Journal. 2016; 17: 94-9.
  • Bozorgi AM, Özden FO. Dı̇ş hekı̇mlı̇ğı̇ öğrencı̇lerı̇nde eğı̇tı̇m sürecı̇nı̇n oral hı̇jyen alışkanlıkları ve ağız dı̇ş sağlığı farkındalıklarına etkı̇sı̇. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi. 2022; 1.2: 59-67.
  • Su S, Lipsky MS, Licari FW, Hung M. Comparing oral health behaviours of men and women in the United States. J Dent. 2022;122:104157.
  • Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020;2020:2146160.
  • Curtis DA, Lin GH, Rajendran Y, Gessese T, Suryadevara J, Kapila YL. Treatment planning considerations in the older adult with periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2021;87:157-65.
  • Baskaradoss JK. Relationship between oral health literacy and oral health status. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:172.
  • Walther C, Spinler K, Borof K, Kofahl C, Heydecke G, Seedorf U, et al. Evidence from the Hamburg City health study - association between education and periodontitis. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1662.
  • Bui FQ, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Huynh B, Trinh A, Liu J, Woodward J, et al. Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomed J. 2019;42:27-35.
  • Celeste RK, Oliveira SC, Junges R. Threshold-effect of income on periodontitis and interactions with race/ethnicity and education. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019;22:e190001.
  • Hussein M, Diez Roux AV, Field RI. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and primary health care: usual points of access and temporal trends in a major us Urban area. J Urban Health. 2016;93:1027-45.
  • Chatzopoulos GS, Jiang Z, Marka N, Wolff LF. Association between periodontitis extent, severity, and progression rate with systemic diseases and smoking: a retrospective study. J Pers Med. 2023;13:814.
  • Tomar SL, Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National health and nutrition examination survey. J Periodontol. 2000;71:743-51.
  • More AB, Rodrigues A, Sadhu BJ. Effects of smoking on oral health: awareness among dental patients and their attitude towards its cessation. Indian J Dent Res. 2021;32:23-6.
  • Dannewitz B, Holtfreter B, Eickholz P. Parodontitis – therapie einer volkskrankheit [Periodontitis-therapy of a widespread disease]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021;64:931-40.
  • Samorodnitzky GR, Levin L. Self-assessed dental status, oral behavior, DMF, and dental anxiety. J Dent Educ. 2005;69:1385-9.
  • Deng K, Pelekos G, Jin L, Tonetti MS. Gingival bleeding on brushing as a sentinel sign of gingival inflammation: a diagnostic accuracy trial for the discrimination of periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48:1537-48.
  • Beşiroğlu E, Lütfioğlu M. Relations between periodontal status, oral health-related quality of life and perceived oral health and oral health consciousness levels in a Turkish population. Int J Dent Hyg. 2020;18:251-60.
  • Chapple IL, Van der Weijden F, Doerfer C, Herrera D, Shapira L, Polak D, et al. Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:71-6.
  • Joshi S, Suominen AL, Knuuttila M, Bernabé E. Toothbrushing behaviour and periodontal pocketing: an 11-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45:196-203.
  • Petker-Jung W, Weik U, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. What characterizes effective tooth brushing of daily users of powered versus manual toothbrushes? BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:10.
  • A Ramseier C, Petitat C, Trepp S, Lang NP, Eick S, Adam R, et al. Clinical parameters and oral fluid biomarkers in gingivitis subjects using an electric toothbrush with irrigator vs a manual toothbrush alone over 8 weeks: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;19:137-47.
  • Al-Omiri MK, Abu-Awwad M, Bustani M, Alshahrani AM, Al Nazeh AA, Alsafadi L, et al. Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and personality factors among users of three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023;21:371-81.
  • Ranzan N, Muniz FWMG, Rösing CK. Are bristle stiffness and bristle end-shape related to adverse effects on soft tissues during toothbrushing? A systematic review. Int Dent J. 2019;69:171-82.
  • Langa GPJ, Muniz F, Wagner TP, Silva CFE, Rosing CK. Anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of different bristle stiffness and end-shape toothbrushes on interproximal surfaces: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021;21:101548.
  • Kablan FK. The reliability of free buccal fat graft for treatment of severe gingival recessions at mandibular and maxillary exposed roots. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2018;8:281-6.
  • Silva FH, Montagner AF, Silveira MC, Muniz FWMG. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023;21:95-105.
  • Schmickler J, Wurbs S, Wurbs S, Lange K, Rinke S, Hornecker E, et al. Influence of the utilization time of different manual toothbrushes on oral hygiene assessed during a 6-month observation period: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2014;85:1050-8.
  • Rosema NA, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Versteeg PA, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Plaque-removing efficacy of new and used manual toothbrushes-a professional brushing study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2013;11:237-43.
  • Sälzer S, Graetz C, Dörfer CE, Slot DE, Van der Weijden FA. Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2020;84:35-44.
  • Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Poklepovic Pericic T, Sambunjak D, Johnson TM, Imai P, Clarkson JE. Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;4:CD012018.
  • Sun H, Du M, Tai B, Chang S, Wang Y, Jiang H. Prevalence and associated factors of periodontal conditions among 55- to 74-year-old adults in China: results from the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:4403-12.
  • Rickenbacher O, Filippi C, Zürcher A, Filippi A. Acceptance of a tongue vacuum cleaner among children and evaluation of tongue cleaning at home. Swiss Dent J. 2019;129:102-7.
  • Laleman I, Koop R, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M. Influence of tongue brushing and scraping on the oral microflora of periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res. 2018;53:73-9.
  • Rajendiran M, Trivedi HM, Chen D, Gajendrareddy P, Chen L. Recent development of active ingredients in mouthwashes and toothpastes for periodontal diseases. Molecules. 2021;26:2001.
  • Górska R, Górski B. Self-reported oral status and habits related to oral care in adult Poles: a questionnaire study. Dent Med Probl. 2018;55:313-20.
  • Claydon NC, Addy M, Adams G, Smith SR, Bosma ML, North M, Moran J. A comparison of two chlorhexidine gel brushing regimens and a conventional toothpaste brushing regimen for the development of tooth staining over a 6-week period. Int J Dent Hyg. 2006;4:183-8.
  • Sekino S, Ramberg P, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J. The effect of a chlorhexidine regimen on de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:609-14.
  • Fatima SH, Naseem S, Awan SA, Ghazanfar H, Ali Z, Khan NA. Oral health practices among pakistani physicians. Cureus. 2018;10:e2093.

Evaluation of the Awareness of Patients Applying to the Periodontology Clinic on Oral Hygiene Habits According to Periodontal Status

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 29 - 40, 28.04.2025

Kevser Sökmen

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2025.139

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the awareness of patients applying to the periodontology clinic about oral hygiene habits (OHH) according to their periodontal status through a survey.
Material and Methods: 400 volunteer patients who applied to the periodontology clinic and were diagnosed with periodontitis (n=200) and gingivitis (n=200)) after clinical and radiographic examination were included in the study. Questionnaires including demographic data and oral hygiene habits were directed to the patients in the form of mutual question-answer.
Results: In the gingivitis group, the incidence rate in female individuals between the ages of 18-39, university graduates, non-smokers were found to be statistically higher than in the periodontitis group (p<0.05). In the gingivitis group, the rate of knowing what the bleeding in the gingiva is a symptom of, the rate of brushing teeth twice or more a day, the rate of using electric toothbrushes were found to be statistically higher than the periodontitis group (p<0.05). The rate of using toothpicks in the periodontitis group was statistically significantly higher than the gingivitis group (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found between the two groups in terms of other findings (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In line with the results of this study, it has been shown that patients have insufficient knowledge about the use of auxiliary oral hygiene tools other than toothbrushes. It was determined that oral hygiene education and motivation of patients should be provided.

Keywords

Gingivitis Periodontitis Oral hygiene oral health

References

  • Valm AM. The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. J Mol Biol. 2019;431:2957-69.
  • Seneviratne CJ, Zhang CF, Samaranayake LP. Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease. Chin J Dent Res. 2011;14:87-94.
  • Hitz Lindenmüller I, Lambrecht JT. Oral care. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2011;40:107-15.
  • Jackson MA, Kellett M, Worthington HV, Clerehugh V. Comparison of interdental cleaning methods: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1421-9.
  • Van der Weijden FA, Van der Sluijs E, Ciancio SG, Slot DE. Can chemical mouthwash agents achieve plaque/gingivitis control? Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59:799-829.
  • Graziani F, Palazzolo A, Gennai S, Karapetsa D, Giuca MR, Cei S et al. Interdental plaque reduction after use of different devices in young subjects with intact papilla: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16:389-96.
  • Villalobos-Rodelo JJ, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G, Vallejos-Sánchez AA, Lau-Rojo L, de León-Viedas MV. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables associated with oral hygiene status in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. J Periodontol. 2007;78:816-22.
  • Santhosh K, Jyothi T, Prabu D, Suhas K. Socio-behavioral variables effecting oral hygiene and periodontal status of 12 year-old schoolchildren of Udaipur district. Odontostomatol Trop. 2013;36:27-33.
  • Hunter L, Newcombe R, Richmond S, Owens J, Addy M. The Cardiff dental survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6:199-204.
  • Sälzer S, Slot DE, Van der Weijden FA, Dörfer CE. Efficacy of inter-dental mechanical plaque control in managing gingivitis--a meta-review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:92-105.
  • Eren G, Becerik S. Diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastalarda periodontal durum ve ağız bakımı alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Medical Journal. 2016; 17: 94-9.
  • Bozorgi AM, Özden FO. Dı̇ş hekı̇mlı̇ğı̇ öğrencı̇lerı̇nde eğı̇tı̇m sürecı̇nı̇n oral hı̇jyen alışkanlıkları ve ağız dı̇ş sağlığı farkındalıklarına etkı̇sı̇. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi. 2022; 1.2: 59-67.
  • Su S, Lipsky MS, Licari FW, Hung M. Comparing oral health behaviours of men and women in the United States. J Dent. 2022;122:104157.
  • Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020;2020:2146160.
  • Curtis DA, Lin GH, Rajendran Y, Gessese T, Suryadevara J, Kapila YL. Treatment planning considerations in the older adult with periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2021;87:157-65.
  • Baskaradoss JK. Relationship between oral health literacy and oral health status. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:172.
  • Walther C, Spinler K, Borof K, Kofahl C, Heydecke G, Seedorf U, et al. Evidence from the Hamburg City health study - association between education and periodontitis. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1662.
  • Bui FQ, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Huynh B, Trinh A, Liu J, Woodward J, et al. Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomed J. 2019;42:27-35.
  • Celeste RK, Oliveira SC, Junges R. Threshold-effect of income on periodontitis and interactions with race/ethnicity and education. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019;22:e190001.
  • Hussein M, Diez Roux AV, Field RI. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and primary health care: usual points of access and temporal trends in a major us Urban area. J Urban Health. 2016;93:1027-45.
  • Chatzopoulos GS, Jiang Z, Marka N, Wolff LF. Association between periodontitis extent, severity, and progression rate with systemic diseases and smoking: a retrospective study. J Pers Med. 2023;13:814.
  • Tomar SL, Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National health and nutrition examination survey. J Periodontol. 2000;71:743-51.
  • More AB, Rodrigues A, Sadhu BJ. Effects of smoking on oral health: awareness among dental patients and their attitude towards its cessation. Indian J Dent Res. 2021;32:23-6.
  • Dannewitz B, Holtfreter B, Eickholz P. Parodontitis – therapie einer volkskrankheit [Periodontitis-therapy of a widespread disease]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021;64:931-40.
  • Samorodnitzky GR, Levin L. Self-assessed dental status, oral behavior, DMF, and dental anxiety. J Dent Educ. 2005;69:1385-9.
  • Deng K, Pelekos G, Jin L, Tonetti MS. Gingival bleeding on brushing as a sentinel sign of gingival inflammation: a diagnostic accuracy trial for the discrimination of periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48:1537-48.
  • Beşiroğlu E, Lütfioğlu M. Relations between periodontal status, oral health-related quality of life and perceived oral health and oral health consciousness levels in a Turkish population. Int J Dent Hyg. 2020;18:251-60.
  • Chapple IL, Van der Weijden F, Doerfer C, Herrera D, Shapira L, Polak D, et al. Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:71-6.
  • Joshi S, Suominen AL, Knuuttila M, Bernabé E. Toothbrushing behaviour and periodontal pocketing: an 11-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45:196-203.
  • Petker-Jung W, Weik U, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. What characterizes effective tooth brushing of daily users of powered versus manual toothbrushes? BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:10.
  • A Ramseier C, Petitat C, Trepp S, Lang NP, Eick S, Adam R, et al. Clinical parameters and oral fluid biomarkers in gingivitis subjects using an electric toothbrush with irrigator vs a manual toothbrush alone over 8 weeks: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;19:137-47.
  • Al-Omiri MK, Abu-Awwad M, Bustani M, Alshahrani AM, Al Nazeh AA, Alsafadi L, et al. Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and personality factors among users of three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023;21:371-81.
  • Ranzan N, Muniz FWMG, Rösing CK. Are bristle stiffness and bristle end-shape related to adverse effects on soft tissues during toothbrushing? A systematic review. Int Dent J. 2019;69:171-82.
  • Langa GPJ, Muniz F, Wagner TP, Silva CFE, Rosing CK. Anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of different bristle stiffness and end-shape toothbrushes on interproximal surfaces: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021;21:101548.
  • Kablan FK. The reliability of free buccal fat graft for treatment of severe gingival recessions at mandibular and maxillary exposed roots. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2018;8:281-6.
  • Silva FH, Montagner AF, Silveira MC, Muniz FWMG. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023;21:95-105.
  • Schmickler J, Wurbs S, Wurbs S, Lange K, Rinke S, Hornecker E, et al. Influence of the utilization time of different manual toothbrushes on oral hygiene assessed during a 6-month observation period: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2014;85:1050-8.
  • Rosema NA, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Versteeg PA, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Plaque-removing efficacy of new and used manual toothbrushes-a professional brushing study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2013;11:237-43.
  • Sälzer S, Graetz C, Dörfer CE, Slot DE, Van der Weijden FA. Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2020;84:35-44.
  • Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Poklepovic Pericic T, Sambunjak D, Johnson TM, Imai P, Clarkson JE. Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;4:CD012018.
  • Sun H, Du M, Tai B, Chang S, Wang Y, Jiang H. Prevalence and associated factors of periodontal conditions among 55- to 74-year-old adults in China: results from the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:4403-12.
  • Rickenbacher O, Filippi C, Zürcher A, Filippi A. Acceptance of a tongue vacuum cleaner among children and evaluation of tongue cleaning at home. Swiss Dent J. 2019;129:102-7.
  • Laleman I, Koop R, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M. Influence of tongue brushing and scraping on the oral microflora of periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res. 2018;53:73-9.
  • Rajendiran M, Trivedi HM, Chen D, Gajendrareddy P, Chen L. Recent development of active ingredients in mouthwashes and toothpastes for periodontal diseases. Molecules. 2021;26:2001.
  • Górska R, Górski B. Self-reported oral status and habits related to oral care in adult Poles: a questionnaire study. Dent Med Probl. 2018;55:313-20.
  • Claydon NC, Addy M, Adams G, Smith SR, Bosma ML, North M, Moran J. A comparison of two chlorhexidine gel brushing regimens and a conventional toothpaste brushing regimen for the development of tooth staining over a 6-week period. Int J Dent Hyg. 2006;4:183-8.
  • Sekino S, Ramberg P, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J. The effect of a chlorhexidine regimen on de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:609-14.
  • Fatima SH, Naseem S, Awan SA, Ghazanfar H, Ali Z, Khan NA. Oral health practices among pakistani physicians. Cureus. 2018;10:e2093.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Periodontics
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Kevser Sökmen 0000-0002-2925-6304

Publication Date April 28, 2025
Submission Date February 22, 2024
Acceptance Date October 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Sökmen K. Evaluation of the Awareness of Patients Applying to the Periodontology Clinic on Oral Hygiene Habits According to Periodontal Status. NEU Dent J. 2025;7(1):29-40.
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