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Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Diode Laser as Desensitizer on The Microleakage and Discoloration at Class V Restorations

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 28.04.2025

Zeynep Buket Kaynar , Işıl Doğruer , Hasmet Ulukapı

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2025.136

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver diamine fluoride and diode laser applications used for desensitization on microleakage and colour change in the restorations of class V cavities.
Materials and Methods: Twenty human molar teeth were used in this study. ClassV cavities (4x3x3 mm) (n=10) were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces. All teeth were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment methods for DH. Group 1 (silver diamine fluoride), Group 2 (940 nm diode laser), Group 3 (940 nm diode laser + silver diamine flouride), Group 4 (no treatment). All cavities were restored with nano-hybrid composite resin. Restorations were polished with discs. Colour changes were measured with a spectrophotometer on 1, 7, 14, 28 days. Colour change was calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula. To evaluate microleakage scores, samples were stained with 0.2% RhodamineB dye and cut bucco-lingually. Dye penetration was scored under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilks and Tukey HSD test at a 5% significance level.
Results: According to the colour changes, a statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 3. In Group 2, there was significantly difference between 1-7 and 1-14 days, 1-7 and 1-28 days. The highest microleakage scores were obtained with the laser-used groups.
Conclusion: Despite the use of a solution containing potassium, a colour change above the clinically acceptable threshold was observed in silver diamine used groups. Also, laser used groups have shown unacceptable colour change values.

Keywords

Discoloration Microleakage Diode laser Silver diamine flouride.

References

  • Teixeira DNR, Zeola LF, Machado AC, Gomes RR, Souza PG, Mendes DC, et al. Relationship between noncarious cervical lesions, cervical DH, gingival recession, and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study. J Dent. 2018;76:93-7.
  • Medeiros TLM, Mutran SCAN, Espinosa DG, do Carmo Freitas Faial K, Pinheiro HHC, D'Almeida Couto RS. Prevalence and risk indicators of non-carious cervical lesions in male footballers. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:215.
  • Favaro Zeola L, Soares PV, Cunha-Cruz J. Prevalence of DH: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2019;81:1-6.
  • Pashley DH. Clinical correlations of dentin structure and function. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;66:777-81.
  • Addy M. Etiology and clinical implications of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am. 1990;34:503-14.
  • Lawaf S, Jalalian E, Roshan R, Azizi A. Effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented with Rely X U200 self-adhesive cement. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8:404-10.
  • Kara HB, Cakan U, Yilmaz B, Inan Kurugol P. Efficacy of Diode Laser and Gluma on Post-Preparation Sensitivity: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study. J Esthet Restor Dent 2016;28:405-11.
  • Whitters CJ, Hall A, Creanor SL, Moseley H, Gilmour WH, Strang R, et al. A clinical study of pulsed Nd: YAG laser-induced pulpal analgesia. J Dent. 1995;23:145-50.
  • Ozlem K, Esad GM, Ayse A, Aslihan U. Efficiency of Lasers and a Desensitizer Agent on Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatment: A Clinical Study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21:225-30.
  • Pourshahidi S, Ebrahimi H, Mansourian A, Mousavi Y, Kharazifard M. Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode laser effects on dentin hypersensitivity: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:4051-8.
  • Pathan AB, Bolla N, Kavuri SR, Sunil CR, Damaraju B, Pattan SK. Ability of three desensitizing agents in dentinal tubule obliteration and durability: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2016 ;19:31-6.
  • Ladalardo TC, Pinheiro A, Campos RA, Brugnera Júnior A, Zanin F, Albernaz PL, et al. Laser therapy in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Braz Dent J. 2004;15:144-50.
  • Raut CP, Sethi KS, Kohale B, Mamajiwala A, Warang A. Evaluation of diode laser and stannous fluoride in the treatment of root sensitivity after access flap surgery: Randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22:158-63.
  • Lima TC, Vieira-Barbosa NM, Grasielle de Sá Azevedo C, de Matos FR, Douglas de Oliveira DW, et al. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Before and After Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity With Cyanoacrylate and Laser. J Periodontol. 2017;88:166-72.
  • Seifo N, Robertson M, MacLean J, Blain K, Grosse S, Milne R, et al. The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dental practice. Br Dent J. 2020;228:75-81.
  • Chu CH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res. 2002;81:767-70.
  • Li R, Lo EC, Liu BY, Wong MC, Chu CH. Randomized clinical trial on arresting dental root caries through silver diammine fluoride applications in community-dwelling elders. J Dent. 2016;51:15-20.
  • Kiesow A, Menzel M, Lippert F, Tanzer JM, Milgrom P. Dentin tubule occlusion by a 38% silver diamine fluoride gel: an in vitro investigation. BDJ Open. 2022;8:1.
  • Zhao IS, Mei ML, Burrow MF, Lo EC, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Treatment on Secondary Caries Prevention and Tooth Discolouration in Cervical Glass Ionomer Cement Restoration. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;6:18:340.
  • Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. UCSF Protocol for Caries Arrest Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: Rationale, Indications and Consent. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2016;44:16-28.
  • Akarsu S, Karademir SA, Ertas E, Atasoy S. The effect of diode laser application on restoration of non carious cervical lesion: Clinical follow up. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:165-71.
  • Han L, Okiji T. Dentin tubule occluding ability of dentin desensitizers. Am J Dent. 2015;28:90-4.
  • Diwanji A, Dhar V, Arora R, Madhusudan A, Rathore AS. Comparative evaluation of microleakage of three restorative glass ionomer cements: An in vitro study. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5:373-7.
  • Dinakaran S. Evaluation of the effect of different food media on the marginal integrity of class v compomer, conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer restorations: an in vitro study. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:53-8.
  • Francisconi LF, Scaffa PM, de Barros VR, Coutinho M, Francisconi PA. Glass ionomer cements and their role in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17:364-9.
  • Gresnigt MM, Özcan M, van den Houten ML, Schipper L, Cune MS. Fracture strength, failure type and Weibull characteristics of lithium disilicate and multiphase resin composite endocrowns under axial and lateral forces. Dent Mater. 2016;32:607-14.
  • Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:103-112.
  • Bollu IP, Hari A, Thumu J, Velagula LD, Bolla N, Varri S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage Between Nano-Ionomer, Giomer and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Class V Cavities- CLSM Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:ZC66-70.
  • Rosenblatt A, Stamford TC, Niederman R. Silver diamine fluoride: a caries "silver-fluoride bullet". J Dent Res. 2009;88:116-25.
  • Castillo JL, Rivera S, Aparicio T, Lazo R, Aw TC, Mancl LL, et al. The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res. 2011;90:203-8.
  • Sinha N, Gupta A, Logani A, Shah N. Remineralizing efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer type VII for their proposed use as indirect pulp capping materials - Part II (A clinical study). J Conserv Dent. 2011;14:233-6.
  • Seghi RR, Johnston WM, O'Brien WJ. Performance assessment of colorimetric devices on dental porcelains. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1755-9.
  • Salas M, Lucena C, Herrera LJ, Yebra A, Della Bona A, Pérez MM. Translucency thresholds for dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34:1168-74.
  • Ghinea R, Pérez MM, Herrera LJ, Rivas MJ, Yebra A, Paravina RD. Color difference thresholds in dental ceramics. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e57-64.
  • Roberts A, Bradley J, Merkley S, Pachal T, Gopal JV, Sharma D. Does potassium iodide application following silver diamine fluoride reduce staining of tooth? A systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2020;65:109-17.
  • Nguyen V, Neill C, Felsenfeld J, Primus C. Potassium iodide. The solution to silver diamine fluoride discoloration. Health 2017;5:555655.
  • Orchardson R, Gillam DG. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:990-8; quiz 1028-9.
  • Tate Y, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Iwaku M, Okiji T, Ohshima H. Odontoblast responses to GaAlAs laser irradiation in rat molars: an experimental study using heat-shock protein-25 immunohistochemistry. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114:50-7.
  • Liu Y, Gao J, Gao Y, Xu S, Zhan X, Wu B. In Vitro Study of Dentin Hypersensitivity Treated by 980-nm Diode Laser. J Lasers Med Sci. 2013;4:111-9.
  • Raichur PS, Setty SB, Thakur SL. Comparative evaluation of diode laser, stannous fluoride gel, and potassium nitrate gel in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Gen Dent. 2013;61:66-71.
  • Ranjan R, Yadwad KJ, Patil SR, Mahantesha S, Rahman AA, Bhatia VB. Efficacy of 980 nm diode laser as an adjunct to Snf 2 in the management of dentinal hypersensitivity: A controlled, prospective clinical study. J Dent Lasers 2013;7:66

Sınıf V Kompozit Restorasyonlarda Hassasiyet Giderici Olarak Kullanılan Gümüş Diyamin Florür ve Diyot Lazerin Mikrosızıntı ve Renk Değişmesi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 28.04.2025

Zeynep Buket Kaynar , Işıl Doğruer , Hasmet Ulukapı

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2025.136

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hassasiyet giderici amaçlı kullanılan gümüş diamin florür ve diyot lazer uygulamalarının sınıf V kavitelerin restorasyonlarında, mikrosızıntıya ve renk değişimine olan etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada yirmi adet insan molar dişi kullanıldı. Her bir dişin bukkal ve lingual yüzeylerinde standart Sınıf V kaviteler (4x3x3mm) hazırlandı. Dişler tedavi yöntemlerine göre rastgele 4 gruba (n=10) ayrıldı. Grup 1(gümüş diamin florür), Grup 2 (940 nm diyot lazer), Grup 3 (gümüş diamin florür + 940 nm diyot lazer), Grup 4’teki örneklere hiçbir tedavi protokolü uygulanmadı. Tüm kaviteler, nano-hibrid kompozit rezin ile restore edildi. Restorasyonlar diskler ile cilalandı. Örneklerin renk ölçümü spektrometre cihazı ile 1, 7, 14, ve 28. günlerde yapıldı. Renk değişimi, CIEDE 2000 formülüyle hesaplandı. Örnekler %0.2 Rhodamine B boyası ile boyandı ve bukko-lingual yönde kesildi. Boya penetrasyonu bir stereomikroskop altında skorlandı. Veriler Shapiro-Wilks ve Tukey HSD testi kullanılarak %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Renk değişimi açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Grup 1 ve Grup 3 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu. Grup 2’de, 1-7. gün ile 1-14. Gün, 1-7.gün ile 1-28. Gün zaman aralıklarında, renk değişimi farkı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. En yüksek mikrosızıntı skorları, lazer kullanılan grupların bukkal ve lingual yüzeylerinde elde edilmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Potasyum içeren solüsyonun kullanılmasına rağmen gümüş diamine florür uygulanan gruplarda renk değişimi eşik değerin üzerinde görüldü. Ayrıca, lazer kullanılan gruplarda da kabul edilemez renk değişimleri gözlendi.
Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver diamine fluoride and diode laser applications used for desensitization on microleakage and color change in the restorations of class V cavities.Methods:Twenty human molar teeth were used in this study.ClassV cavities (4x3x3mm) (n=10) were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces.All teeth were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment methods for dentin sensitivity.Group1 (silver diamine fluoride),Group 2 (940nm diode laser),Group3 (940nm diode laser+silver diamine flouride),Group4 (no treatment). All cavities were restored with nano-hybrid composite resin. Restorations were polished with discs.Color changes were measured with a spectrometer on 1, 7, 14,28 days.Color change was calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula.To evaluate microleakage scores,samples were stained with 0.2% RhodamineB dye and cut.Dye penetration was scored under a stereomicroscope.Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilks and Tukey HSD test at a 5% significance level.Results:According to the color changes,a statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 3.In Group 2,there was significantly difference between 1-7 and 1-14 days,1-7 and 1-28 days.The highest microleakage scores were obtained with the laser-used groups.Conclusion:Despite the use of a solution containing potassium,a color change above the clinically acceptable threshold was observed in silver diamine used groups.Also,laser used groups have shown unacceptable color change values.

Keywords

discoloration microleakage diode laser silver diamine flouride

References

  • Teixeira DNR, Zeola LF, Machado AC, Gomes RR, Souza PG, Mendes DC, et al. Relationship between noncarious cervical lesions, cervical DH, gingival recession, and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study. J Dent. 2018;76:93-7.
  • Medeiros TLM, Mutran SCAN, Espinosa DG, do Carmo Freitas Faial K, Pinheiro HHC, D'Almeida Couto RS. Prevalence and risk indicators of non-carious cervical lesions in male footballers. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:215.
  • Favaro Zeola L, Soares PV, Cunha-Cruz J. Prevalence of DH: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2019;81:1-6.
  • Pashley DH. Clinical correlations of dentin structure and function. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;66:777-81.
  • Addy M. Etiology and clinical implications of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am. 1990;34:503-14.
  • Lawaf S, Jalalian E, Roshan R, Azizi A. Effect of GLUMA desensitizer on the retention of full metal crowns cemented with Rely X U200 self-adhesive cement. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8:404-10.
  • Kara HB, Cakan U, Yilmaz B, Inan Kurugol P. Efficacy of Diode Laser and Gluma on Post-Preparation Sensitivity: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study. J Esthet Restor Dent 2016;28:405-11.
  • Whitters CJ, Hall A, Creanor SL, Moseley H, Gilmour WH, Strang R, et al. A clinical study of pulsed Nd: YAG laser-induced pulpal analgesia. J Dent. 1995;23:145-50.
  • Ozlem K, Esad GM, Ayse A, Aslihan U. Efficiency of Lasers and a Desensitizer Agent on Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatment: A Clinical Study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21:225-30.
  • Pourshahidi S, Ebrahimi H, Mansourian A, Mousavi Y, Kharazifard M. Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode laser effects on dentin hypersensitivity: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:4051-8.
  • Pathan AB, Bolla N, Kavuri SR, Sunil CR, Damaraju B, Pattan SK. Ability of three desensitizing agents in dentinal tubule obliteration and durability: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2016 ;19:31-6.
  • Ladalardo TC, Pinheiro A, Campos RA, Brugnera Júnior A, Zanin F, Albernaz PL, et al. Laser therapy in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Braz Dent J. 2004;15:144-50.
  • Raut CP, Sethi KS, Kohale B, Mamajiwala A, Warang A. Evaluation of diode laser and stannous fluoride in the treatment of root sensitivity after access flap surgery: Randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22:158-63.
  • Lima TC, Vieira-Barbosa NM, Grasielle de Sá Azevedo C, de Matos FR, Douglas de Oliveira DW, et al. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Before and After Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity With Cyanoacrylate and Laser. J Periodontol. 2017;88:166-72.
  • Seifo N, Robertson M, MacLean J, Blain K, Grosse S, Milne R, et al. The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dental practice. Br Dent J. 2020;228:75-81.
  • Chu CH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res. 2002;81:767-70.
  • Li R, Lo EC, Liu BY, Wong MC, Chu CH. Randomized clinical trial on arresting dental root caries through silver diammine fluoride applications in community-dwelling elders. J Dent. 2016;51:15-20.
  • Kiesow A, Menzel M, Lippert F, Tanzer JM, Milgrom P. Dentin tubule occlusion by a 38% silver diamine fluoride gel: an in vitro investigation. BDJ Open. 2022;8:1.
  • Zhao IS, Mei ML, Burrow MF, Lo EC, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Treatment on Secondary Caries Prevention and Tooth Discolouration in Cervical Glass Ionomer Cement Restoration. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;6:18:340.
  • Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. UCSF Protocol for Caries Arrest Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: Rationale, Indications and Consent. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2016;44:16-28.
  • Akarsu S, Karademir SA, Ertas E, Atasoy S. The effect of diode laser application on restoration of non carious cervical lesion: Clinical follow up. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:165-71.
  • Han L, Okiji T. Dentin tubule occluding ability of dentin desensitizers. Am J Dent. 2015;28:90-4.
  • Diwanji A, Dhar V, Arora R, Madhusudan A, Rathore AS. Comparative evaluation of microleakage of three restorative glass ionomer cements: An in vitro study. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5:373-7.
  • Dinakaran S. Evaluation of the effect of different food media on the marginal integrity of class v compomer, conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer restorations: an in vitro study. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:53-8.
  • Francisconi LF, Scaffa PM, de Barros VR, Coutinho M, Francisconi PA. Glass ionomer cements and their role in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17:364-9.
  • Gresnigt MM, Özcan M, van den Houten ML, Schipper L, Cune MS. Fracture strength, failure type and Weibull characteristics of lithium disilicate and multiphase resin composite endocrowns under axial and lateral forces. Dent Mater. 2016;32:607-14.
  • Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:103-112.
  • Bollu IP, Hari A, Thumu J, Velagula LD, Bolla N, Varri S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage Between Nano-Ionomer, Giomer and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Class V Cavities- CLSM Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:ZC66-70.
  • Rosenblatt A, Stamford TC, Niederman R. Silver diamine fluoride: a caries "silver-fluoride bullet". J Dent Res. 2009;88:116-25.
  • Castillo JL, Rivera S, Aparicio T, Lazo R, Aw TC, Mancl LL, et al. The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res. 2011;90:203-8.
  • Sinha N, Gupta A, Logani A, Shah N. Remineralizing efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer type VII for their proposed use as indirect pulp capping materials - Part II (A clinical study). J Conserv Dent. 2011;14:233-6.
  • Seghi RR, Johnston WM, O'Brien WJ. Performance assessment of colorimetric devices on dental porcelains. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1755-9.
  • Salas M, Lucena C, Herrera LJ, Yebra A, Della Bona A, Pérez MM. Translucency thresholds for dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34:1168-74.
  • Ghinea R, Pérez MM, Herrera LJ, Rivas MJ, Yebra A, Paravina RD. Color difference thresholds in dental ceramics. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e57-64.
  • Roberts A, Bradley J, Merkley S, Pachal T, Gopal JV, Sharma D. Does potassium iodide application following silver diamine fluoride reduce staining of tooth? A systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2020;65:109-17.
  • Nguyen V, Neill C, Felsenfeld J, Primus C. Potassium iodide. The solution to silver diamine fluoride discoloration. Health 2017;5:555655.
  • Orchardson R, Gillam DG. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:990-8; quiz 1028-9.
  • Tate Y, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Iwaku M, Okiji T, Ohshima H. Odontoblast responses to GaAlAs laser irradiation in rat molars: an experimental study using heat-shock protein-25 immunohistochemistry. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114:50-7.
  • Liu Y, Gao J, Gao Y, Xu S, Zhan X, Wu B. In Vitro Study of Dentin Hypersensitivity Treated by 980-nm Diode Laser. J Lasers Med Sci. 2013;4:111-9.
  • Raichur PS, Setty SB, Thakur SL. Comparative evaluation of diode laser, stannous fluoride gel, and potassium nitrate gel in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Gen Dent. 2013;61:66-71.
  • Ranjan R, Yadwad KJ, Patil SR, Mahantesha S, Rahman AA, Bhatia VB. Efficacy of 980 nm diode laser as an adjunct to Snf 2 in the management of dentinal hypersensitivity: A controlled, prospective clinical study. J Dent Lasers 2013;7:66
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Zeynep Buket Kaynar 0000-0002-2612-1009

Işıl Doğruer 0000-0003-4162-1404

Hasmet Ulukapı 0000-0002-3613-3425

Publication Date April 28, 2025
Submission Date May 31, 2024
Acceptance Date November 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kaynar ZB, Doğruer I, Ulukapı H. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Diode Laser as Desensitizer on The Microleakage and Discoloration at Class V Restorations. NEU Dent J. 2025;7(1):1-8.
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