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Artırılmış Biyoaktivite için Bazı Flavonoid Karışımlarının Elektroeğirme Tekniği Kullanılarak Enkapsülasyonu ve Kontrollü Salım Çalışmaları

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 141 - 152, 30.04.2025

Deniz Tuğçe Algan , Erdal Kocabaş

Abstract

Narenciye meyvelerinden elde edilen biyoaktif bileşikler olan rutin hidrat, naringin ve hesperidin kullanılarak polimer bazlı elektroeğirme fiberleri hazırlanmıştır. Bu flavonoidlerin antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar ve anti-kanser gibi çeşitli biyolojik aktiviteleri bulunmaktadır. Elektroeğirme tekniği sayesinde, flavonoidlerin biyolojik kullanılabilirliği artırılarak, ilaç taşıma sistemleri, gıda ambalajları ve kozmetik ürünler gibi farklı alanlarda potansiyel uygulamalar geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen fiberlerin morfolojik ve kimyasal ve karakterizasyonları ile flavonoidlerin fiber matris içerisindeki dağılımı ve salım davranışları belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, nanofiberlerin Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bakterisine karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi değerlendirildi. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda bağırsak pH’ında (pH 7,4) yapılan dissolüsyon analizinde PLA-MIX fiberi etken maddeleri %20-25 oranında, PCL- MIX fiberi etken maddeleri %21-28 oranında salındı. Antibakteriyel sonuçlar nanofiberlerin %45 oranında PLA karışımında daha fazla bakteriyel inhibisyona neden olduğunu gösterdi. Bu çalışma, narenciye atıklarının değerlendirilmesi ve yeni nesil biyomalzemelerin geliştirilmesi açısından önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Antibakteriyel etki Elektroeğirme Flavonoid Hesperidin in vitro ilaç salım Naringin Rutin hidrat

Ethical Statement

Bu makale, 6. Uluslararası Biyosensörler Kongresi'nde bir poster olarak sunulan “Polymer-Based Encapsulation of Flavonoids via Electrospinning for Nutraceutical Applications” başlıklı yayınlanmamış konferans sunumunun gözden geçirilmiş ve geliştirilmiş versiyonudur.

Supporting Institution

Tübitak ve Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi

Project Number

119C100 and NEÜBAP-221415002

Thanks

Bu çalışmada antibakteriyel aktivite çalışmalarına katkı sağlayan Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoteknoloji Bölümünden Doç. Dr. Fatih Erci ve yüksek lisans öğrencisi Hala Boubaker'e teşekkür ediyorum.

References

  • B. Tyler, D. Gullotti, A. Mangraviti, T. Utsuki, and H. Brem, Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 107 (2016), 163–175. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.018
  • B.L. Bachelor, X. Yang, Rutin-loaded cellulose acetate/poly(ethylene oxide) fiber membrane fabricated by electrospinning: A bioactive material, Materials Science and Engineering: C. 109(2020), 1–8.
  • A. İnce Yardımcı, Ö. Tarhan, Electrospun Protein Nanofibers and Their Food Applications. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 6 (2) (2020), 52–62.
  • B. Ghorani, N. Tucker, Fundamentals of electrospinning as a novel delivery vehicle for bioactive compounds in food nanotechnology, Food Hydrocolloids. 51 (2015), 227–240.
  • V. DeStefano, S. Khan, A, Tabada, Applications of PLA in modern medicine, Engineered Regeneration. 1 (2020), 76–87. doi:10.1016/j.engreg.2020.08.002
  • R. Ramamoorthy, S. Andra, S. K. Balu, F. Damiri, G. Grishnan N, M., Andiappan, M. Muthalagu, M. Berrada, Flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins loaded polycaprolactone nanofibers (NF) for Wound Dressing Applications, Results in Materials. 18 (2023), 100407. doi:10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100407
  • A. C. de Figueiredo J. M. Anaya- Mancipe, A. O. De Silva de Barros, R. Santa- Oliveira, M. L. Dias, R. M. Da Silva Moreira Thire, Nanostructured Electrospun polycaprolactone—propolis mats composed of different morphologies for potential use in wound healing, Molecules. 27 (16) (2022), 5351. doi:10.3390/molecules27165351
  • R. Semwal, S. K. Joshi, R. B. Semwal, D. K. Semwal, Health benefits and limitations of Rutin - a natural flavonoid with high nutraceutical value, Phytochemistry Letters. 46 (2021), 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2021.10.006
  • I. Dammak, P. José do Amaral Sobral, Formulation optimization of lecithin-enhanced Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles for hesperidin encapsulation, Journal of Food Engineering. 229 (2018), 2–11. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.001
  • I. Dammak, P. J. do Amaral Sobral, Investigation into the physicochemical stability and rheological properties of rutin emulsions stabilized by chitosan and lecithin, Journal of Food Engineering. 229 (2018), 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.09.022
  • B. Salehi, P. V. T. Fokou, M. Sharifi- Rad, P. Zucca, R. Pezzani, N. Martins, J. Sharifi- Rad, The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials, Pharmaceuticals. 12 (1) (2019),11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011
  • A. Bogdanova, E. Pavlova, a. Polyanskaya, M. Volkova, E. Biryukova, G. Filkov, A. Trofimenko, M. Durymanov, D. Klinov. D. Bagrov, Acceleration of electrospun PLA degradation by addition of gelatin, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (4) (2023), 3535. doi:10.3390/ijms24043535
  • S. Ravichandran, J. Radhakrishnan, P. Jayabal, G. D. Venkatasubbu, Antibacterial screening studies of Electrospun polycaprolactone nano fibrous mat containing Clerodendrum phlomidis leaves extract, Applied Surface Science. 484 (2019), 676–687. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.150
  • M. K. Haidar, S. S. Timur, G. M. Demirbolat, E. Nemutlu, R. N. Gürsoy, K. Ulubayram, L. Öner, H. Eroğlu, Electrospun nanofibers for dual and local delivery of neuroprotective drugs, Fibers and Polymers. 22 (2) (2021), 334–344. doi:10.1007/s12221-021-0228-2
  • D. L. Galata, Z, Könyves, B. Nagy, m. Novak, L. A. Meszaros, E. Szabo, A. Farkas, G. Marosi, Z. K. Nagy, Real-time release testing of dissolution based on surrogate models developed by machine learning algorithms using NIR spectra, compression force and particle size distribution as input data, International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 597 (2021), 120338. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120338
  • C. Bommes, A. Pajic, U. Bindrich, V. Heinz, V. Lammers, Release Kinetics and encapsulation efficiency of embedded active ingredients in fat-based matrices using cold extrusion, Innovative Food Science Emerging Technologies. 82 (2022), 103187. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103187
  • United States Pharmacopeia, General Chapter, 〈711〉 Dissolution. USP-NF. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia. 2023. https://doi.org/10.31003/USPNF_M99470_02_01
  • B. M. Razavizadeh, R. Niazmand, Characterization of polyamide-6/ propolis blended electrospun fibers, Heliyon. 6 (8) (2020). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04784
  • R. A. Wardhani, L. A. T. W. Asri, H. Rachmawati, K. Khairurrijal, B. S. Purwasasmita, Physical–chemical crosslinked electrospun colocasia esculenta tuber protein–chitosan–poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers with antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility, International Journal of Nanomedicine. 15 (2020), 6433–6449. doi:10.2147/ijn.s261483
  • Y. Wang, Y. Guo, L. Zhang, M. Yuan, L. Zhao, C. Bai, D. J. McClements, Impacts of hesperidin on whey protein functionality: Interacting mechanism, antioxidant capacity, and emulsion stabilizing effects, Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 (2023). doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1043095
  • S. Wang, T. Xue, B. Niu, L. Wei, H. Wang, Preparation, characterization and antibacterial property of naringin loaded PLGA nanospheres, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 32(4) (2022), 498–503. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2022.08.001
  • D. Tang, C. Zhu, S. Zhong, M. Zhou, Extraction of naringin from Pomelo peels as Dihydrochalcone’s precursor, Journal of Separation Science. 34(1) (2010), 113–117. doi:10.1002/jssc.201000475
  • N. Stoyanova, M. Spasova, N. Manolova, I. Rashkov, M. Kamenova Nacheva, P. Staleva, M. Tavlinova- Kiriova, Electrospun Pla-based biomaterials loaded with Melissa officinalis extract with strong antioxidant activity, Polymers. 15(5) (2023), 1070. doi:10.3390/polym15051070
  • M. A. C. Augusco, D. A. Sarri, J. F. Panontin, M. A. M. Rodrigues, R. de Moura Nunes Fernandes, J. F. M. da silva, C. A. L. Cardoso, M. K. D. Rambo, E. Scapin, Extracts from the leaf of Couroupita guianensis (Aubl.): phytochemical, toxicological analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against oral microorganisms, Plants. 12 (2023), 1–17. doi:10.3390/plants12122327
  • M. U. Amin, M. Khurram, B. Khattak, J. Khan, Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 15 (2015), 1–12. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0580-0
  • R. Wang, N. Wu, D. Zhan, F. Chen, Naringin exerts antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects on mice with Staphylococcus aureus–induced osteomyelitis, Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 38 (2024), 1–12. doi:10.1002/jbt.23753
  • Z. Yang, L. Li, C. H. Chen, Y. Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, P. Zhang, G. H. Bao, Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature-based molecular networking, Photochemical Analysis. 33(3) (2022), 473-489. doi:10.1002/pca.3103
  • L.A.A. Lopes, J. B. dos Santos Rodrigues, M. Magnani, E. L. de Souza, J. P. de Siqueira- Junior, Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus that overexpresses efflux protein genes, Microbial Pathogenesis. 102 (2017), 193-197. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.033
  • H. M. Fathy, A. A. Abd-el- Maksoud, W. Cheng, F. M. F. Elshaghabee, Value-added utilization of Citrus peels in improving functional properties and probiotic viability of Acidophilus-bifidus-thermophilus (ABT)-Type synbiotic yoghurt during cold storage, Foods. 11 (2022), 2677. doi:10.3390/foods11172677
  • F. Erci, E. Torlak, Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by using aqueous leaf extract of thymus serpyllum, Sakarya University Journal of Science. 23 (3) (2019), 333–339. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.445146
  • A. G. Veiko, E. Olchowik- Grabarek, S. Sekowski, A. Roszkowska, E. A. Lapshina, I, Dobrzynska, M. Zamaraeva, I. B. Zavodnik, Antimicrobial activity of quercetin, naringenin and Catechin: Flavonoids inhibit Staphylococcus aureus-induced hemolysis and modify membranes of bacteria and erythrocytes, Molecules. 28 (3) (2023), 1252. doi:10.3390/molecules28031252

Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 141 - 152, 30.04.2025

Deniz Tuğçe Algan , Erdal Kocabaş

Abstract

Polymer-based electrospun fibers were prepared using bioactive compounds derived from citrus fruits such as rutin hydrate, naringin and hesperidin. These flavonoids have various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. By increasing the bioavailability of flavonoids through the electrospinning technique, it is aimed to develop potential applications in different areas such as drug delivery systems, food packaging and cosmetic products. The distribution and release behaviors of flavonoids in the fiber matrix were determined by morphological and chemical characterization of the obtained fibers. At the same time, the antibacterial activity of nanofibers against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria was evaluated. As a result of the study, in the dissolution analysis performed at intestinal pH (pH 7.4), the active ingredients of PLA-MIX fiber were released at a rate of 20-25% and PCL-MIX fiber at a rate of 21-28%. Antibacterial results showed that nanofibers caused more bacterial inhibition in a 45% PLA mixture. This study provides an important contribution to the evaluation of citrus wastes and the development of new-generation biomaterials.

Keywords

Antibacterial effect Electrospinning Flavonoid Hesperidin in vitro drug release Naringin Rutin hydrate

Ethical Statement

This article is the revised and developed version of the unpublished conference presentation entitled “Polymer-Based Encapsulation of Flavonoids via Electrospinning for Nutraceutical Applications," presented as a poster at the 6th International Congress on Biosensors.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK and Necmettin Erbakan University

Project Number

119C100 and NEÜBAP-221415002

Thanks

I would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fatih Erci and masters student Hala Boubaker, members of the Biotechnology Department of the Faculty of Science at Necmettin Erbakan University, for antibacterial activity assay experiments.

References

  • B. Tyler, D. Gullotti, A. Mangraviti, T. Utsuki, and H. Brem, Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 107 (2016), 163–175. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.018
  • B.L. Bachelor, X. Yang, Rutin-loaded cellulose acetate/poly(ethylene oxide) fiber membrane fabricated by electrospinning: A bioactive material, Materials Science and Engineering: C. 109(2020), 1–8.
  • A. İnce Yardımcı, Ö. Tarhan, Electrospun Protein Nanofibers and Their Food Applications. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 6 (2) (2020), 52–62.
  • B. Ghorani, N. Tucker, Fundamentals of electrospinning as a novel delivery vehicle for bioactive compounds in food nanotechnology, Food Hydrocolloids. 51 (2015), 227–240.
  • V. DeStefano, S. Khan, A, Tabada, Applications of PLA in modern medicine, Engineered Regeneration. 1 (2020), 76–87. doi:10.1016/j.engreg.2020.08.002
  • R. Ramamoorthy, S. Andra, S. K. Balu, F. Damiri, G. Grishnan N, M., Andiappan, M. Muthalagu, M. Berrada, Flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins loaded polycaprolactone nanofibers (NF) for Wound Dressing Applications, Results in Materials. 18 (2023), 100407. doi:10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100407
  • A. C. de Figueiredo J. M. Anaya- Mancipe, A. O. De Silva de Barros, R. Santa- Oliveira, M. L. Dias, R. M. Da Silva Moreira Thire, Nanostructured Electrospun polycaprolactone—propolis mats composed of different morphologies for potential use in wound healing, Molecules. 27 (16) (2022), 5351. doi:10.3390/molecules27165351
  • R. Semwal, S. K. Joshi, R. B. Semwal, D. K. Semwal, Health benefits and limitations of Rutin - a natural flavonoid with high nutraceutical value, Phytochemistry Letters. 46 (2021), 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2021.10.006
  • I. Dammak, P. José do Amaral Sobral, Formulation optimization of lecithin-enhanced Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles for hesperidin encapsulation, Journal of Food Engineering. 229 (2018), 2–11. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.001
  • I. Dammak, P. J. do Amaral Sobral, Investigation into the physicochemical stability and rheological properties of rutin emulsions stabilized by chitosan and lecithin, Journal of Food Engineering. 229 (2018), 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.09.022
  • B. Salehi, P. V. T. Fokou, M. Sharifi- Rad, P. Zucca, R. Pezzani, N. Martins, J. Sharifi- Rad, The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials, Pharmaceuticals. 12 (1) (2019),11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011
  • A. Bogdanova, E. Pavlova, a. Polyanskaya, M. Volkova, E. Biryukova, G. Filkov, A. Trofimenko, M. Durymanov, D. Klinov. D. Bagrov, Acceleration of electrospun PLA degradation by addition of gelatin, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (4) (2023), 3535. doi:10.3390/ijms24043535
  • S. Ravichandran, J. Radhakrishnan, P. Jayabal, G. D. Venkatasubbu, Antibacterial screening studies of Electrospun polycaprolactone nano fibrous mat containing Clerodendrum phlomidis leaves extract, Applied Surface Science. 484 (2019), 676–687. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.150
  • M. K. Haidar, S. S. Timur, G. M. Demirbolat, E. Nemutlu, R. N. Gürsoy, K. Ulubayram, L. Öner, H. Eroğlu, Electrospun nanofibers for dual and local delivery of neuroprotective drugs, Fibers and Polymers. 22 (2) (2021), 334–344. doi:10.1007/s12221-021-0228-2
  • D. L. Galata, Z, Könyves, B. Nagy, m. Novak, L. A. Meszaros, E. Szabo, A. Farkas, G. Marosi, Z. K. Nagy, Real-time release testing of dissolution based on surrogate models developed by machine learning algorithms using NIR spectra, compression force and particle size distribution as input data, International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 597 (2021), 120338. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120338
  • C. Bommes, A. Pajic, U. Bindrich, V. Heinz, V. Lammers, Release Kinetics and encapsulation efficiency of embedded active ingredients in fat-based matrices using cold extrusion, Innovative Food Science Emerging Technologies. 82 (2022), 103187. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103187
  • United States Pharmacopeia, General Chapter, 〈711〉 Dissolution. USP-NF. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia. 2023. https://doi.org/10.31003/USPNF_M99470_02_01
  • B. M. Razavizadeh, R. Niazmand, Characterization of polyamide-6/ propolis blended electrospun fibers, Heliyon. 6 (8) (2020). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04784
  • R. A. Wardhani, L. A. T. W. Asri, H. Rachmawati, K. Khairurrijal, B. S. Purwasasmita, Physical–chemical crosslinked electrospun colocasia esculenta tuber protein–chitosan–poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers with antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility, International Journal of Nanomedicine. 15 (2020), 6433–6449. doi:10.2147/ijn.s261483
  • Y. Wang, Y. Guo, L. Zhang, M. Yuan, L. Zhao, C. Bai, D. J. McClements, Impacts of hesperidin on whey protein functionality: Interacting mechanism, antioxidant capacity, and emulsion stabilizing effects, Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 (2023). doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1043095
  • S. Wang, T. Xue, B. Niu, L. Wei, H. Wang, Preparation, characterization and antibacterial property of naringin loaded PLGA nanospheres, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 32(4) (2022), 498–503. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2022.08.001
  • D. Tang, C. Zhu, S. Zhong, M. Zhou, Extraction of naringin from Pomelo peels as Dihydrochalcone’s precursor, Journal of Separation Science. 34(1) (2010), 113–117. doi:10.1002/jssc.201000475
  • N. Stoyanova, M. Spasova, N. Manolova, I. Rashkov, M. Kamenova Nacheva, P. Staleva, M. Tavlinova- Kiriova, Electrospun Pla-based biomaterials loaded with Melissa officinalis extract with strong antioxidant activity, Polymers. 15(5) (2023), 1070. doi:10.3390/polym15051070
  • M. A. C. Augusco, D. A. Sarri, J. F. Panontin, M. A. M. Rodrigues, R. de Moura Nunes Fernandes, J. F. M. da silva, C. A. L. Cardoso, M. K. D. Rambo, E. Scapin, Extracts from the leaf of Couroupita guianensis (Aubl.): phytochemical, toxicological analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against oral microorganisms, Plants. 12 (2023), 1–17. doi:10.3390/plants12122327
  • M. U. Amin, M. Khurram, B. Khattak, J. Khan, Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 15 (2015), 1–12. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0580-0
  • R. Wang, N. Wu, D. Zhan, F. Chen, Naringin exerts antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects on mice with Staphylococcus aureus–induced osteomyelitis, Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 38 (2024), 1–12. doi:10.1002/jbt.23753
  • Z. Yang, L. Li, C. H. Chen, Y. Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, P. Zhang, G. H. Bao, Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature-based molecular networking, Photochemical Analysis. 33(3) (2022), 473-489. doi:10.1002/pca.3103
  • L.A.A. Lopes, J. B. dos Santos Rodrigues, M. Magnani, E. L. de Souza, J. P. de Siqueira- Junior, Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus that overexpresses efflux protein genes, Microbial Pathogenesis. 102 (2017), 193-197. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.033
  • H. M. Fathy, A. A. Abd-el- Maksoud, W. Cheng, F. M. F. Elshaghabee, Value-added utilization of Citrus peels in improving functional properties and probiotic viability of Acidophilus-bifidus-thermophilus (ABT)-Type synbiotic yoghurt during cold storage, Foods. 11 (2022), 2677. doi:10.3390/foods11172677
  • F. Erci, E. Torlak, Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by using aqueous leaf extract of thymus serpyllum, Sakarya University Journal of Science. 23 (3) (2019), 333–339. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.445146
  • A. G. Veiko, E. Olchowik- Grabarek, S. Sekowski, A. Roszkowska, E. A. Lapshina, I, Dobrzynska, M. Zamaraeva, I. B. Zavodnik, Antimicrobial activity of quercetin, naringenin and Catechin: Flavonoids inhibit Staphylococcus aureus-induced hemolysis and modify membranes of bacteria and erythrocytes, Molecules. 28 (3) (2023), 1252. doi:10.3390/molecules28031252
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Tuğçe Algan 0000-0002-0085-4327

Erdal Kocabaş 0000-0002-0980-0894

Project Number 119C100 and NEÜBAP-221415002
Early Pub Date April 28, 2025
Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date September 25, 2024
Acceptance Date November 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Algan, D. T., & Kocabaş, E. (2025). Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 141-152.
AMA Algan DT, Kocabaş E. Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies. NEJSE. April 2025;7(1):141-152.
Chicago Algan, Deniz Tuğçe, and Erdal Kocabaş. “Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 1 (April 2025): 141-52.
EndNote Algan DT, Kocabaş E (April 1, 2025) Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7 1 141–152.
IEEE D. T. Algan and E. Kocabaş, “Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies”, NEJSE, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 141–152, 2025.
ISNAD Algan, Deniz Tuğçe - Kocabaş, Erdal. “Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7/1 (April 2025), 141-152.
JAMA Algan DT, Kocabaş E. Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies. NEJSE. 2025;7:141–152.
MLA Algan, Deniz Tuğçe and Erdal Kocabaş. “Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2025, pp. 141-52.
Vancouver Algan DT, Kocabaş E. Encapsulation of Some Flavonoid Mixtures Using Electrospinning Technique for Enhanced Bioactivity and Controlled Release Studies. NEJSE. 2025;7(1):141-52.
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