Ağır çıkma bulunan betonarme binalarda dış çerçeve düzensizliğinin deprem davranışına etkisinin incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada kapalı ağır çıkma bulunan betonarme binalarda dış çerçeve düzensizliğinin yapısal sistemin sismik yükler altındaki davranışına etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla dış çerçeve bağlantılarının farklı olarak tasarlandığı ağır çıkma bulunan betonarme iki yapının zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nümerik analizlerde kuvvete dayalı fiber eleman yöntemi kullanılmış ve çözümler SeismoStruct programı ile elde edilmiştir. Deprem yüklemesi olarak Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık (Mw=7.7) depreminin Türkoğlu istasyonunda ölçülen ivme kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Binaların deprem tepkilerinin karşılaştırmalarında tepe yerdeğiştirme, dönme, taban kesme kuvveti, taban devrilme momenti, göreli kat yerdeğiştirme, doğrusal hız ve ivme, açısal hız ve ivme değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca oluşturulan her iki modelde meydana gelen hasarlı kolon ve kiriş eleman sayıları belirlenen hasar sınır seviyelerine göre karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ağır çıkma bulunan betonarme binalarda dış çerçeve sürekliliğinin olmaması binanın deprem davranışı açısından önemli derecede olumsuz etkilere sebep olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
Ağır çıkma Çerçeve düzensizliği Kuvvete dayalı fiber eleman yöntemi Deprem davranışı Hasar Sınırları
References
- O. İnce, Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799.
- A. Özmen, O. İnce, Ö. F. Taş, et al., Seismic performance assessment of structures in Malatya Province after 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake sequences. Natural Hazards, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-07017-x.
- B. Yön, İ. Ö. Dedeoğlu, M. Yetkin, et al., Evaluation of the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings in the light of lessons learned from the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake sequences. Natural Hazards, 121, 873–909, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06859-9.
- A. Demir, E. Celebi, H. Ozturk, et al., Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Bull Earthquake Eng 23, 893–919 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01865-5
- E. Işık, M. Hadzima-Nyarko, D. Radu, and B. Bulajić, Study on effectiveness of regional risk prioritisation in reinforced concrete structures after earthquakes. Applied Sciences, 14(16), 6992. 2024 https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166992
- Y. Erbaş, Ö. Mercimek, Ö. Anıl, et al., Design deficiencies, failure modes and recommendations for strengthening in reinforced concrete structures exposed to the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Nat Hazards 121, 3153–3194 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06925-2
- J. Yuzbasi, Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment: Field Observations and Recent Developments with Recommendations from the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Türkiye on February 6th, 2023 (Pazarcık M7.8 and Elbistan M7.6). Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1–26. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2024.2353864
- B. Sevim, Y. Ayvaz, S. Akbulut, M. F. Aydıner, S. Uzun, and A. Ari, Seismic Performance and Damage Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Field Investigation Made After February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 18(1), 2350032, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1142/S179343112350032X
- E. Gültepe, H. G. Çömlekoğlu, B. Öztürk, C. Dönmez, Discussion on the Causes of the Observed Damages in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. In: Uckan, E., Akgun, H., Gok, E., Yenidogan, C. (eds) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. ICEES 2023. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 488. Springer, Cham, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57659-1_6
- B. Yon, E. Sayin, Y. Calayir, Z. C. Ulucan, M. Karatas, H. Sahin, K. E. Alyamaç, A. T. Bildik, Lessons learned from recent destructive Van, Turkey earthquakes. Earthquakes and Structures 9(2), 431–453, 2015. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.2.431
- E. Işık, F. Akat, The effect of different heavy overhang on structural performance in reinforced concrete structures. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 261-271, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1232889.
- H. Sucuoğlu, U. Yazgan, Simple survey procedures for seismic risk assessment in urban building stocks. Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 29, 97-118, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_7
- A. Doğangün, Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingöl earthquake in Turkey. Engineering Structures, 26(6), 841-856, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.005
- E. Işık, Z. Tozlu, Farklı değişkenler kullanılarak yapı performans puanının hesaplanması. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 161-172, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17798/beufen.42155
- E. Meral, M. İnel, Düşük ve orta yükseklikteki betonarme binaların yapısal parametre özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(6), 468-477, 2016. https://doi.org/ 10.5505/pajes.2016.29291
- S. B. Öz, Kapalı Çıkma Düzensizliğinin Betonarme Yapıların Sismik Davranışına Etkilerinin Doğrusal Elastik Olmayan Analizle Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, Osmaniye, 2019.
- E. Meral, Kapalı çıkmalı betonarme binaların deprem davranışının değerlendirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(2), 309-318, 2019. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.613265
- I. Karki, H. R. Parajuli, Effects of cantilever projections on seismic performances of RC buildings. Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education, 6(1), 110117, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v6i1.56965.
- F. F. Taucer, E. Spacone, F. C. Filippou, A fiber beam-column element for seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Report No. UCB/EERC-91/17, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1991.
- M. Karaton, Ö. F. Osmanlı, M. E. Gülşan, Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete shear walls using force-based fiber element method: effect of damping type and damping ratio. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 19(14), 6129-6156, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01221-x.
- M. Karaton, Ö. F. Osmanlı, and H. A. Awla, Comparison of ACI-318 and TS-500 codes for nonlinear seismic analysis of RC structures using force-based fiber element approach. Structures 57, 105291, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105291.
- Seismosoft, SeismoStruct 2025 – A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures, 2025. Available from: http://www.seismosoft.com.
- J. B. Mander, M. J. N. Priestley, R. Park, Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(8), 1804–1826, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)07339445(1988)114:8(1804).
- M. Menegotto, P. E. Pinto, Method of analysis for cyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending. Proceedings of IABSE Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, Lisbon, pp. 15–22, 1973. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.14.143
- K. Kolozvari, T. A. Tran, K. Orakcal, J. W. Wallace, Modeling of cyclic shear-flexure interaction in reinforced concrete structural walls. II: Experimental validation. Journal of Structural Engineering 141(5), 04014136, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001083
Investigation of the effect of external frame irregularity on seismic behavior in reinforced concrete buildings with heavy overhangs
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of external frame irregularities on the seismic behavior of structural systems in reinforced concrete buildings with heavy overhangs. For this purpose, nonlinear time history analyses of two reinforced concrete buildings with heavy overhangs, designed with different external frame connection configurations, were conducted. The force-based fiber element method was used in numerical analyses, and the solutions were obtained using the SeismoStruct software. The acceleration records measured at the Türkoğlu station during the Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık (Mw=7.7) earthquake were utilized as seismic loading. In the comparison of the seismic responses of the buildings, parameters such as top displacement, rotation, base shear force, base overturning moment, interstory drift, linear velocity and acceleration, as well as angular velocity and acceleration, were considered. Additionally, the number of damaged column and beam elements in both models was evaluated and compared according to the defined damage limit levels. As a result, it was determined that the lack of external frame continuity in reinforced concrete buildings with heavy overhangs significantly adversely affects the seismic behavior of the building.
Keywords
Heavy overhangs frame irregularity force-based fiber element method earthquake behavior damage limits
References
- O. İnce, Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799.
- A. Özmen, O. İnce, Ö. F. Taş, et al., Seismic performance assessment of structures in Malatya Province after 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake sequences. Natural Hazards, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-07017-x.
- B. Yön, İ. Ö. Dedeoğlu, M. Yetkin, et al., Evaluation of the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings in the light of lessons learned from the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake sequences. Natural Hazards, 121, 873–909, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06859-9.
- A. Demir, E. Celebi, H. Ozturk, et al., Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Bull Earthquake Eng 23, 893–919 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01865-5
- E. Işık, M. Hadzima-Nyarko, D. Radu, and B. Bulajić, Study on effectiveness of regional risk prioritisation in reinforced concrete structures after earthquakes. Applied Sciences, 14(16), 6992. 2024 https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166992
- Y. Erbaş, Ö. Mercimek, Ö. Anıl, et al., Design deficiencies, failure modes and recommendations for strengthening in reinforced concrete structures exposed to the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Nat Hazards 121, 3153–3194 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06925-2
- J. Yuzbasi, Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment: Field Observations and Recent Developments with Recommendations from the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Türkiye on February 6th, 2023 (Pazarcık M7.8 and Elbistan M7.6). Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1–26. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2024.2353864
- B. Sevim, Y. Ayvaz, S. Akbulut, M. F. Aydıner, S. Uzun, and A. Ari, Seismic Performance and Damage Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Field Investigation Made After February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 18(1), 2350032, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1142/S179343112350032X
- E. Gültepe, H. G. Çömlekoğlu, B. Öztürk, C. Dönmez, Discussion on the Causes of the Observed Damages in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. In: Uckan, E., Akgun, H., Gok, E., Yenidogan, C. (eds) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. ICEES 2023. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 488. Springer, Cham, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57659-1_6
- B. Yon, E. Sayin, Y. Calayir, Z. C. Ulucan, M. Karatas, H. Sahin, K. E. Alyamaç, A. T. Bildik, Lessons learned from recent destructive Van, Turkey earthquakes. Earthquakes and Structures 9(2), 431–453, 2015. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.2.431
- E. Işık, F. Akat, The effect of different heavy overhang on structural performance in reinforced concrete structures. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 261-271, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1232889.
- H. Sucuoğlu, U. Yazgan, Simple survey procedures for seismic risk assessment in urban building stocks. Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 29, 97-118, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_7
- A. Doğangün, Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingöl earthquake in Turkey. Engineering Structures, 26(6), 841-856, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.005
- E. Işık, Z. Tozlu, Farklı değişkenler kullanılarak yapı performans puanının hesaplanması. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 161-172, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17798/beufen.42155
- E. Meral, M. İnel, Düşük ve orta yükseklikteki betonarme binaların yapısal parametre özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(6), 468-477, 2016. https://doi.org/ 10.5505/pajes.2016.29291
- S. B. Öz, Kapalı Çıkma Düzensizliğinin Betonarme Yapıların Sismik Davranışına Etkilerinin Doğrusal Elastik Olmayan Analizle Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, Osmaniye, 2019.
- E. Meral, Kapalı çıkmalı betonarme binaların deprem davranışının değerlendirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(2), 309-318, 2019. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.613265
- I. Karki, H. R. Parajuli, Effects of cantilever projections on seismic performances of RC buildings. Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education, 6(1), 110117, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v6i1.56965.
- F. F. Taucer, E. Spacone, F. C. Filippou, A fiber beam-column element for seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Report No. UCB/EERC-91/17, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 1991.
- M. Karaton, Ö. F. Osmanlı, M. E. Gülşan, Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete shear walls using force-based fiber element method: effect of damping type and damping ratio. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 19(14), 6129-6156, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01221-x.
- M. Karaton, Ö. F. Osmanlı, and H. A. Awla, Comparison of ACI-318 and TS-500 codes for nonlinear seismic analysis of RC structures using force-based fiber element approach. Structures 57, 105291, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105291.
- Seismosoft, SeismoStruct 2025 – A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures, 2025. Available from: http://www.seismosoft.com.
- J. B. Mander, M. J. N. Priestley, R. Park, Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(8), 1804–1826, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)07339445(1988)114:8(1804).
- M. Menegotto, P. E. Pinto, Method of analysis for cyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending. Proceedings of IABSE Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, Lisbon, pp. 15–22, 1973. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.14.143
- K. Kolozvari, T. A. Tran, K. Orakcal, J. W. Wallace, Modeling of cyclic shear-flexure interaction in reinforced concrete structural walls. II: Experimental validation. Journal of Structural Engineering 141(5), 04014136, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001083
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Earthquake Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | July 4, 2025 |
| Publication Date | July 15, 2025 |
| Submission Date | April 18, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 10, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 3 |
