DENGUE VIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

Buse Türegün Atasoy; Semra Soydam; Gamze Varan; Mine Durusu Tanrıöver

Review

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2025

Buse Türegün Atasoy , Semra Soydam , Gamze Varan , Mine Durusu Tanrıöver

Abstract

References

1. Lee MF, Wu YS, Poh CL. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus. Viruses. 2023;15(3).
2. Pintado Silva J, Fenutria R, Bernal-Rubio D, Sanchez-Martin I, Hunziker A, Chebishev E, et al. The dengue virus 4 component of NIAID's tetravalent TV003 vaccine drives its innate immune signature. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2022;247(24):2201-12.
3. WHO Global Dengue Surveillance. https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/dengue_global/
4. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-z/dengue/surveillance-and-disease-data/autochthonous-transmission-dengue-virus-eueea 2024
5. WHO. World Health Organization, Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper 2019 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376641/WER9918-eng-fre.pdf?sequence=1
6. Whitehorn J, Simmons CP. The pathogenesis of dengue. Vaccine. 2011;29(42):7221-8.
7. Prevention CfDCa. About Dengue https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html: About Dengue
8. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data/mosquito-maps: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2024
9. Cosgun Y, F. Akıner, M.M., Gurer Gıray Bd, B. Bedır, H. Korukluoglu, G. Topluoglu, S. Kılıc, S. Investigation of the presence of Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and West Nile virus in Aedes type mosquitoes in the Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey. Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2023; 80(1):101-108
10. Harapan H, Michie A, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Dengue: A Minireview. Viruses. 2020;12(8).
11. Apte-Sengupta S, Sirohi D, Kuhn RJ. Coupling of replication and assembly in flaviviruses. Curr Opin Virol. 2014;9:134-42.
12. Uno N, Ross TM. Dengue virus and the host innate immune response. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018;7(1):167.
13. Modis Y, Ogata S, Clements D, Harrison SC. A ligand-binding pocket in the dengue virus envelope glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(12):6986-91.
14. Guzman MG, Gubler DJ, Izquierdo A, Martinez E, Halstead SB. Dengue infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16055.
15. Mustafa MS, Rasotgi V, Jain S, Gupta V. Discovery of fifth serotype of dengue virus (DENV-5): A new public health dilemma in dengue control. Med J Armed Forces India. 2015;71(1):67-70.
16. Reginald K, Chan Y, Plebanski M, Poh CL. Development of Peptide Vaccines in Dengue. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(11):1157-73.
17. Zerfu B, Kassa T, Legesse M. Epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of dengue virus infection, and its trend in Ethiopia: a comprehensive literature review. Trop Med Health. 2023;51(1):11.
18. Seema, Jain SK. Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of dengue virus: Entry and fusion with target cell. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2005;20(2):92-103.
19. El Sahili A, Lescar J. Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 5. Viruses. 2017;9(4).
20. Diamond MS, Pierson TC. Molecular Insight into Dengue Virus Pathogenesis and Its Implications for Disease Control. Cell. 2015;162(3):488-92.
21. Roy SK, Bhattacharjee S. Dengue virus: epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology. Can J Microbiol. 2021;67(10):687-702.
22. Bomers MK, Lettinga KD, van Gorp EC, Martina BE, Peerbooms PG, Veenstra J. [Dengue infection with fatal ending]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2009;153:A725.
23. Wan SW, Wu-Hsieh BA, Lin YS, Chen WY, Huang Y, Anderson R. The monocyte-macrophage-mast cell axis in dengue pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):77.
24. Yacoub S, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton G. Recent advances in understanding dengue. F1000Res. 2016;5.
25. Halstead S. Recent advances in understanding dengue. F1000Res. 2019;8.
26. Ngono AE, Shresta S. Immune Response to Dengue and Zika. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018;36:279-308.
27. Muller D. A. , Depelsenaire A. C. I. ,and Young P. R. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection . The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017;215: 89-95.
28. Nunes da Silva I. B., Rodrigues J. M., Batista R. C. G., Gomes V. S., Chacon C. S., Almeida M. S., et. al. Development and assessment of a multiepitope synthetic antigen for the diagnosis of Dengue virus infection. Braz j infect dis. 2024;28(3):103746.
29. Frazer J. L. and Norton R. Dengue: A review of laboratory diagnostics in the vaccine age. Frazer and Norton, Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024;73:001833
30. ProcopioA. C., Colletta S., Laratta E., Mellace M., Tilocca B., Ceniti C. Integrated One Health strategies in Dengue. One Health 18 (2024) 100684
31. Norshidah H, Vignesh R, Lai NS. Updates on Dengue Vaccine and Antiviral: Where Are We Heading? Molecules. 2021;26(22).
32. Nanaware N, Banerjee A, Mullick Bagchi S, Bagchi P, Mukherjee A. Dengue Virus Infection: A Tale of Viral Exploitations and Host Responses. Viruses. 2021;13(10).
33. Khadija Zahid SS, Hina Afzal Sajid, Samia Afzal, Liaqat Ali, IramAmin, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Idrees. Advancements in developing an effectiveand preventive dengue vaccine. Future Virology. 2020.
34. Ramakrishnan L, Pillai MR, Nair RR. Dengue vaccine development: strategies and challenges. Viral Immunol. 2015;28(2):76-84.
35. Wilder-Smith A. Dengue vaccine development: challenges and prospects. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(5):390-6.
36. Lee J, Kim D, Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Oh YK. In vivo fate and intracellular trafficking of vaccine delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022;186:114325.
37. Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, et al. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020;15(8):646-55.
38. Srikiatkhachorn A, Yoon IK. Immune correlates for dengue vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15(4):455-65.
39. Chen Q, Li R, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen R. A tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits a balanced and potent immune response against dengue viruses without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1193175.
40. Sun J, Li M, Wang Y, Hao P, Jin X. Elaboration of tetravalent antibody responses against dengue viruses using a subunit vaccine comprised of a single consensus dengue envelope sequence. Vaccine. 2017;35(46):6308-20.
41. Seesen M, Jearanaiwitayakul T, Limthongkul J, Midoeng P, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. A bivalent form of nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine stimulated responses that potently eliminate both DENV-2 particles and DENV-2-infected cells. Vaccine. 2023;41(9):1638-48.
42. Martinez DR, Metz SW, Baric RS. Dengue Vaccines: The Promise and Pitfalls of Antibody-Mediated Protection. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(1):13-22.
43. Metz SW, Tian S, Hoekstra G, Yi X, Stone M, Horvath K, et al. Precisely Molded Nanoparticle Displaying DENV-E Proteins Induces Robust Serotype-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(10):e0005071.
44. Wollner CJ, Richner M, Hassert MA, Pinto AK, Brien JD, Richner JM. A Dengue Virus Serotype 1 mRNA-LNP Vaccine Elicits Protective Immune Responses. J Virol. 2021;95(12).
45. Malik S, Ahsan O, Mumtaz H, Tahir Khan M, Sah R, Waheed Y. Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus-Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(8).
46. https://www.fda.gov/media/124379/download
47. WHO position paper on dengue vaccines. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376641/WER9918-eng-fre.pdfb 2024
48. Gurgel-Gonçalves R, et al. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024;57:e00203 49. https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=dengue%20vaccine 2024
50.https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/integrating-one-health-approach-to-surveillance-prevention-and-control-of-dengue-fever-in-bangladesh 2024
51. Lee MF, Voon GZ, Lim HX, Chua ML, Poh CL. Innate and adaptive immune evasion by dengue virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1004608.
52. Wilder-Smith A. Dengue vaccine development: status and future. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020;63(1):40-4.
53. Kariyawasam R, Lachman M, Mansuri S, Chakrabarti S, Boggild AK. A dengue vaccine whirlwind update. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2023;10:20499361231167274.

DENGUE VIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2025

Buse Türegün Atasoy , Semra Soydam , Gamze Varan , Mine Durusu Tanrıöver

Abstract

Dengue virus (DENV), a growing public health issue throughout the world has caused over 6.5 million laboratory confirmed cases and more than 7,800 deaths globally in 2024. DENV, belonging to the Flaviviridae family, can manifest as mild dengue fever or more severe conditions like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Transmission is primarily through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with climate change accelerating the spread of these vectors. The virus has five serotypes, making vaccine development particularly challenging, as immunity to one serotype does not confer protection against others. Traditional vaccines, which target the immunogenic components of pathogens, have been difficult to develop for dengue due to the complex interaction of the immune system with DENV. One key concern is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which pre-existing antibodies can potentially exacerbate the disease when a person is infected with a different serotype later on. This complicates the development of safe and effective vaccines. With Türkiye now home to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, the risk of dengue becoming endemic is increasing, particularly in the context of climate change. To address this threat, a One Health approach is needed, focusing on mosquito control, active surveillance of both vectors and the disease, and the development of preventive strategies. Concurrently, research into safe, effective, and widely accessible vaccines and therapeutic agents must be prioritized to combat dengue effectively and reduce its impact on public health.

Keywords

dengue fever, dengue virus, vaccine, antibody-dependent enhancement

References

1. Lee MF, Wu YS, Poh CL. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus. Viruses. 2023;15(3).
2. Pintado Silva J, Fenutria R, Bernal-Rubio D, Sanchez-Martin I, Hunziker A, Chebishev E, et al. The dengue virus 4 component of NIAID's tetravalent TV003 vaccine drives its innate immune signature. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2022;247(24):2201-12.
3. WHO Global Dengue Surveillance. https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/dengue_global/
4. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-z/dengue/surveillance-and-disease-data/autochthonous-transmission-dengue-virus-eueea 2024
5. WHO. World Health Organization, Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper 2019 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376641/WER9918-eng-fre.pdf?sequence=1
6. Whitehorn J, Simmons CP. The pathogenesis of dengue. Vaccine. 2011;29(42):7221-8.
7. Prevention CfDCa. About Dengue https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html: About Dengue
8. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data/mosquito-maps: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2024
9. Cosgun Y, F. Akıner, M.M., Gurer Gıray Bd, B. Bedır, H. Korukluoglu, G. Topluoglu, S. Kılıc, S. Investigation of the presence of Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and West Nile virus in Aedes type mosquitoes in the Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey. Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2023; 80(1):101-108
10. Harapan H, Michie A, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Dengue: A Minireview. Viruses. 2020;12(8).
11. Apte-Sengupta S, Sirohi D, Kuhn RJ. Coupling of replication and assembly in flaviviruses. Curr Opin Virol. 2014;9:134-42.
12. Uno N, Ross TM. Dengue virus and the host innate immune response. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018;7(1):167.
13. Modis Y, Ogata S, Clements D, Harrison SC. A ligand-binding pocket in the dengue virus envelope glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(12):6986-91.
14. Guzman MG, Gubler DJ, Izquierdo A, Martinez E, Halstead SB. Dengue infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16055.
15. Mustafa MS, Rasotgi V, Jain S, Gupta V. Discovery of fifth serotype of dengue virus (DENV-5): A new public health dilemma in dengue control. Med J Armed Forces India. 2015;71(1):67-70.
16. Reginald K, Chan Y, Plebanski M, Poh CL. Development of Peptide Vaccines in Dengue. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(11):1157-73.
17. Zerfu B, Kassa T, Legesse M. Epidemiology, biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of dengue virus infection, and its trend in Ethiopia: a comprehensive literature review. Trop Med Health. 2023;51(1):11.
18. Seema, Jain SK. Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of dengue virus: Entry and fusion with target cell. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2005;20(2):92-103.
19. El Sahili A, Lescar J. Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 5. Viruses. 2017;9(4).
20. Diamond MS, Pierson TC. Molecular Insight into Dengue Virus Pathogenesis and Its Implications for Disease Control. Cell. 2015;162(3):488-92.
21. Roy SK, Bhattacharjee S. Dengue virus: epidemiology, biology, and disease aetiology. Can J Microbiol. 2021;67(10):687-702.
22. Bomers MK, Lettinga KD, van Gorp EC, Martina BE, Peerbooms PG, Veenstra J. [Dengue infection with fatal ending]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2009;153:A725.
23. Wan SW, Wu-Hsieh BA, Lin YS, Chen WY, Huang Y, Anderson R. The monocyte-macrophage-mast cell axis in dengue pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):77.
24. Yacoub S, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton G. Recent advances in understanding dengue. F1000Res. 2016;5.
25. Halstead S. Recent advances in understanding dengue. F1000Res. 2019;8.
26. Ngono AE, Shresta S. Immune Response to Dengue and Zika. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018;36:279-308.
27. Muller D. A. , Depelsenaire A. C. I. ,and Young P. R. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection . The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017;215: 89-95.
28. Nunes da Silva I. B., Rodrigues J. M., Batista R. C. G., Gomes V. S., Chacon C. S., Almeida M. S., et. al. Development and assessment of a multiepitope synthetic antigen for the diagnosis of Dengue virus infection. Braz j infect dis. 2024;28(3):103746.
29. Frazer J. L. and Norton R. Dengue: A review of laboratory diagnostics in the vaccine age. Frazer and Norton, Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024;73:001833
30. ProcopioA. C., Colletta S., Laratta E., Mellace M., Tilocca B., Ceniti C. Integrated One Health strategies in Dengue. One Health 18 (2024) 100684
31. Norshidah H, Vignesh R, Lai NS. Updates on Dengue Vaccine and Antiviral: Where Are We Heading? Molecules. 2021;26(22).
32. Nanaware N, Banerjee A, Mullick Bagchi S, Bagchi P, Mukherjee A. Dengue Virus Infection: A Tale of Viral Exploitations and Host Responses. Viruses. 2021;13(10).
33. Khadija Zahid SS, Hina Afzal Sajid, Samia Afzal, Liaqat Ali, IramAmin, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Idrees. Advancements in developing an effectiveand preventive dengue vaccine. Future Virology. 2020.
34. Ramakrishnan L, Pillai MR, Nair RR. Dengue vaccine development: strategies and challenges. Viral Immunol. 2015;28(2):76-84.
35. Wilder-Smith A. Dengue vaccine development: challenges and prospects. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(5):390-6.
36. Lee J, Kim D, Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Oh YK. In vivo fate and intracellular trafficking of vaccine delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022;186:114325.
37. Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, et al. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020;15(8):646-55.
38. Srikiatkhachorn A, Yoon IK. Immune correlates for dengue vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15(4):455-65.
39. Chen Q, Li R, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen R. A tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits a balanced and potent immune response against dengue viruses without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1193175.
40. Sun J, Li M, Wang Y, Hao P, Jin X. Elaboration of tetravalent antibody responses against dengue viruses using a subunit vaccine comprised of a single consensus dengue envelope sequence. Vaccine. 2017;35(46):6308-20.
41. Seesen M, Jearanaiwitayakul T, Limthongkul J, Midoeng P, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. A bivalent form of nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine stimulated responses that potently eliminate both DENV-2 particles and DENV-2-infected cells. Vaccine. 2023;41(9):1638-48.
42. Martinez DR, Metz SW, Baric RS. Dengue Vaccines: The Promise and Pitfalls of Antibody-Mediated Protection. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(1):13-22.
43. Metz SW, Tian S, Hoekstra G, Yi X, Stone M, Horvath K, et al. Precisely Molded Nanoparticle Displaying DENV-E Proteins Induces Robust Serotype-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(10):e0005071.
44. Wollner CJ, Richner M, Hassert MA, Pinto AK, Brien JD, Richner JM. A Dengue Virus Serotype 1 mRNA-LNP Vaccine Elicits Protective Immune Responses. J Virol. 2021;95(12).
45. Malik S, Ahsan O, Mumtaz H, Tahir Khan M, Sah R, Waheed Y. Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus-Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(8).
46. https://www.fda.gov/media/124379/download
47. WHO position paper on dengue vaccines. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376641/WER9918-eng-fre.pdfb 2024
48. Gurgel-Gonçalves R, et al. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024;57:e00203 49. https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=dengue%20vaccine 2024
50.https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/integrating-one-health-approach-to-surveillance-prevention-and-control-of-dengue-fever-in-bangladesh 2024
51. Lee MF, Voon GZ, Lim HX, Chua ML, Poh CL. Innate and adaptive immune evasion by dengue virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1004608.
52. Wilder-Smith A. Dengue vaccine development: status and future. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020;63(1):40-4.
53. Kariyawasam R, Lachman M, Mansuri S, Chakrabarti S, Boggild AK. A dengue vaccine whirlwind update. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2023;10:20499361231167274.

There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Preventative Health Care
Journal Section	Reviews
Authors	Buse Türegün Atasoy Semra Soydam Gamze Varan Mine Durusu Tanrıöver
Early Pub Date	February 26, 2025
Publication Date	March 1, 2025
Submission Date	October 25, 2024
Acceptance Date	February 12, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

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Vancouver	Türegün Atasoy B, Soydam S, Varan G, Durusu Tanrıöver M. DENGUE VIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT. J One Health Res. 2025;3(1):1-11.

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