Research Article
Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire (FMCBQ) among Turkish Parents
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Food to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire (FMCBQ-T).
Materials and Methods: A total of 256 parents participated in the study, and the data were collected through a survey. Content validity was evaluated using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Construct validity was performed with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
Results: The majority of parents were between the ages of 31-40 (56.3%) and female (83.9%). The CVR was 1 for each item, and the CVI was 1 for the scale. The Turkish version of the scale was determined to have three factors and nine items, with factor loadings ranging from 0.63-0.90. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84 for the total scale. CFA fit indices were found to be χ2/df=1.63, RMSEA=0.06, TLI=0.97, CFI=0.98, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92.
Conclusion: FMCBQ-T is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish parents. Since it is known that the feeding style in childhood affects later years of life, FMCBQ-T is necessary to evaluate how parents use food to manage their children.
Ethical Statement
The study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Approval number: KAEK-482). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
References
- Alderman H, Headey DD. How important is parental education for child nutrition? World Dev. 2017;94:448-464.
- Yücel ÜÖ, Uçar A. The effect of parents' nutritional practices on children's eating behaviors. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(1):1-7.
- Harris HA, Anzman‐Frasca S, Marini ME, Paul IM, Birch LL, Savage JS. Effect of a responsive parenting intervention on child emotional overeating is mediated by reduced maternal use of food to soothe: The Insight Rct. Ped Obesity. 2020;15(10):12645. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12645
- Aparicio E, Canals J, Arija V, De Henauw S, Michels N. The role of emotion regulation in childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment. Nutrition Res Rew. 2016;29(1):17-29.
- Nicholl A, O’Sullivan TA. Keep calm and carry on: parental opinions on improving clinical dietary trials for young children. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1166. doi.org/10.3390/nu10091166
- Savage JS, Ruggiero CF, Eagleton SG, Marini ME, Harris HA. The feeding to manage child behavior questionnaire: development of a tool to measure’non-nutritive feeding practices in low-income families with preschool-aged children. Appetite. 2022;169:105849. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105849
- Rouquette A, Falissard B. Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales. IJMPR. 2011;20(4):235-249. doi.org/10.1002/mpr.352
- Rahman MM. Sample size determination for survey research and non-probability sampling techniques: A review and set of recommendations. JEBE. 2023;11(1):42-62.
- Yücel M, Karaibrahimoğlu A, Orhan H. Yetişkin yeme davranışı ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;5(2):59-67. doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1016496
- Wahyuntari E, Fauzia FR. The effectiveness of WHO Anthro training in improving the data quality of nutritional status of preschool children. Ind Journal of Nutr and Diet. 2024;12(2):93-103. doi:10.21927/ijnd.2024;12(2):93-103
- Anderson LN, Carsley S, Lebovic G, et al. Misclassification of child body mass index from cut-points defined by rounded percentiles instead of Z-scores. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:1-4.
- Anuar A, Sadek DM. Validity test of lean healthcare using Lawshe’s method. IJSCM. 2018;7(6):197-203.
- Samad N, Noor MA, Mansor M, Jumahat T. Measuring the content validity of middle leadership competence model using content validity ratio (CVR) analysis. IJBTM. 2023;5(4):134-144.
- Orçan F. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: which one to use first? JMEEP. 2018;9(4):414-421.
- Niemand T, Mai R. Flexible cutoff values for fit indices in the evaluation of structural equation models. JAMS. 2018;46:1148-1172.
- Vet HC, Mokkink LB, Mosmuller DG, Terwee CB. Spearman–Brown prophecy formula and Cronbach's alpha: different faces of reliability and opportunities for new applications. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;(85):45-49.
- Shrestha N. Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. AJAMS. 2021;9(1):4-11. doi:10.12691/ajams-9-1-2
- Demir D, Bektas M. The effect of an obesity prevention program on children's eating behaviors, food addiction, physical activity, and obesity status. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:355-363.
- Öz S, Bayhan P. An investigation of the relationship between the eating behaviours of children with typical development and autism spectrum disorders and parent attitudes during mealtime eating behaviours and parent attitudes during mealtime. Care, Health Develop. 2022;47(6):877-885.
- Ozdemir S, Terzi O, Dundar C. The family nutrition and physical activity (FNPA) screening tool: psychometric characteristics, reliability, and validity in the Turkish population. J Public Health. 2022;30:2525–2531.
- Suranga MS, Silva KT, Senanayake L. Design and validation of a scale to measure attitudes towards abortion legislation; Application of explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. AJESS. 2022;32(2):9-20.
- García-Blanco L, Berasaluce A, Romanos-Nanclares A, Martínez-González MÁ, Moreno-Galarraga L, Martín-Calvo N. Parental perception of child's weight, their attitudes towards child's dietary habits and the risk of obesity. World J Pediatr. 2022;18(7):482-489.
- Mahmood L, Flores-Barrantes P, Moreno LA, Manios Y, Gonzalez-Gil EM. The influence of parental dietary behaviors and practices on children’s eating habits. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1138. doi:10.3390/nu13041138
- García BL, Berasaluce A, Romanos A, Martínez MÁ, Moren L, Martín-Calvo N. Parental perception of child's weight, their attitudes towards child's dietary habits and the risk of obesity. World J Pediatr. 2022;18:482-489.
- Kennedy I. Sample size determination in test-retest and cronbach alpha reliability estimates. BJCE. 2022;2(1):17-29.
- Ruggiero CF, Hohman EE, Birch LL, Paul IM, Savage JS. Insıght responsive parenting intervention effects on child appetite and maternal feeding practices through age 3 years. Appetite. 2021;159:105060. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105060
- Panichsillaphakit E, Chongpison Y, Saengpanit P, Kwanbunbumpen T, Uaariyapanichkul J, Chomtho S, Visuthranukul C. Children’s eating behavior questionnaire correlated with body compositions of thai children and adolescents with obesity: A pilot study. J Nutr Metabol. 2021;1:6496134. doi:10.1155/2021/6496134
- Dubois L, Bédard B, Goulet D, Prud’homme D, Tremblay RE, Boivin M. Eating behaviors, dietary patterns and weight status in emerging adulthood and longitudinal associations with eating behaviors in early childhood. IJBNPA. 2022;19(1):139. doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01376-z
- Musálek M, Sedlak P, Dvořáková H, Vážná A, Novák J, Kokštejn J, Pařízková J. Insufficient physical fitness and deficits in basic eating habits in Normal-weight obese children are apparent from pre-school age or sooner. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3464. doi:10.3390/nu13103464
- Yücel M, Karaibrahimoğlu A, Orhan H. Yetişkin yeme davranışı ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;5(2):59-67.
Çocuk Davranışlarını Yönetmek için Besleme Anketi'nin (ÇDYBA) Türk Ebeveynlerde Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Çocuk Davranışlarını Yönetmek İçin Besleme Anketi'nin (ÇDYBA-T) Türkçe geçerliğini ve güvenirliğini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya toplam 256 ebeveyn katılmış ve veriler anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Kapsam geçerliği, kapsam geçerlik indeksi (KGİ) ve içerik geçerlik oranı (KGO) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliği, açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin çoğunluğu 31-40 yaş aralığında (%56,3) ve kadın (%83,9)'dı. KGO'nun her bir madde için 1, KGİ ise tüm ölçek için 1 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonunun 3 faktör ve 9 maddeden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Faktör yükleri 0,63 ile 0,90 arasındadır. Cronbach' a katsayısının toplam ölçek için 0,84 olduğu bulunmuştur. DFA uyum indeksleri χ2/sd =1,63, RMSEA=0,06, TLI=0,97, CFI=0,98, GFI=0,96 ve AGFI=0,92 olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: ÇDYBA-T, Türk ebeveynler için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır. Çocukluktaki beslenme tarzının yaşamın sonraki yıllarını etkilediği bilindiğinden, ÇDYBA-T ebeveynlerin çocuklarını yönetmek için yiyecekleri nasıl kullandıklarını değerlendirmede oldukça gereklidir.
References
- Alderman H, Headey DD. How important is parental education for child nutrition? World Dev. 2017;94:448-464.
- Yücel ÜÖ, Uçar A. The effect of parents' nutritional practices on children's eating behaviors. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(1):1-7.
- Harris HA, Anzman‐Frasca S, Marini ME, Paul IM, Birch LL, Savage JS. Effect of a responsive parenting intervention on child emotional overeating is mediated by reduced maternal use of food to soothe: The Insight Rct. Ped Obesity. 2020;15(10):12645. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12645
- Aparicio E, Canals J, Arija V, De Henauw S, Michels N. The role of emotion regulation in childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment. Nutrition Res Rew. 2016;29(1):17-29.
- Nicholl A, O’Sullivan TA. Keep calm and carry on: parental opinions on improving clinical dietary trials for young children. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1166. doi.org/10.3390/nu10091166
- Savage JS, Ruggiero CF, Eagleton SG, Marini ME, Harris HA. The feeding to manage child behavior questionnaire: development of a tool to measure’non-nutritive feeding practices in low-income families with preschool-aged children. Appetite. 2022;169:105849. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105849
- Rouquette A, Falissard B. Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales. IJMPR. 2011;20(4):235-249. doi.org/10.1002/mpr.352
- Rahman MM. Sample size determination for survey research and non-probability sampling techniques: A review and set of recommendations. JEBE. 2023;11(1):42-62.
- Yücel M, Karaibrahimoğlu A, Orhan H. Yetişkin yeme davranışı ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;5(2):59-67. doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1016496
- Wahyuntari E, Fauzia FR. The effectiveness of WHO Anthro training in improving the data quality of nutritional status of preschool children. Ind Journal of Nutr and Diet. 2024;12(2):93-103. doi:10.21927/ijnd.2024;12(2):93-103
- Anderson LN, Carsley S, Lebovic G, et al. Misclassification of child body mass index from cut-points defined by rounded percentiles instead of Z-scores. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:1-4.
- Anuar A, Sadek DM. Validity test of lean healthcare using Lawshe’s method. IJSCM. 2018;7(6):197-203.
- Samad N, Noor MA, Mansor M, Jumahat T. Measuring the content validity of middle leadership competence model using content validity ratio (CVR) analysis. IJBTM. 2023;5(4):134-144.
- Orçan F. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: which one to use first? JMEEP. 2018;9(4):414-421.
- Niemand T, Mai R. Flexible cutoff values for fit indices in the evaluation of structural equation models. JAMS. 2018;46:1148-1172.
- Vet HC, Mokkink LB, Mosmuller DG, Terwee CB. Spearman–Brown prophecy formula and Cronbach's alpha: different faces of reliability and opportunities for new applications. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;(85):45-49.
- Shrestha N. Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. AJAMS. 2021;9(1):4-11. doi:10.12691/ajams-9-1-2
- Demir D, Bektas M. The effect of an obesity prevention program on children's eating behaviors, food addiction, physical activity, and obesity status. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:355-363.
- Öz S, Bayhan P. An investigation of the relationship between the eating behaviours of children with typical development and autism spectrum disorders and parent attitudes during mealtime eating behaviours and parent attitudes during mealtime. Care, Health Develop. 2022;47(6):877-885.
- Ozdemir S, Terzi O, Dundar C. The family nutrition and physical activity (FNPA) screening tool: psychometric characteristics, reliability, and validity in the Turkish population. J Public Health. 2022;30:2525–2531.
- Suranga MS, Silva KT, Senanayake L. Design and validation of a scale to measure attitudes towards abortion legislation; Application of explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. AJESS. 2022;32(2):9-20.
- García-Blanco L, Berasaluce A, Romanos-Nanclares A, Martínez-González MÁ, Moreno-Galarraga L, Martín-Calvo N. Parental perception of child's weight, their attitudes towards child's dietary habits and the risk of obesity. World J Pediatr. 2022;18(7):482-489.
- Mahmood L, Flores-Barrantes P, Moreno LA, Manios Y, Gonzalez-Gil EM. The influence of parental dietary behaviors and practices on children’s eating habits. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1138. doi:10.3390/nu13041138
- García BL, Berasaluce A, Romanos A, Martínez MÁ, Moren L, Martín-Calvo N. Parental perception of child's weight, their attitudes towards child's dietary habits and the risk of obesity. World J Pediatr. 2022;18:482-489.
- Kennedy I. Sample size determination in test-retest and cronbach alpha reliability estimates. BJCE. 2022;2(1):17-29.
- Ruggiero CF, Hohman EE, Birch LL, Paul IM, Savage JS. Insıght responsive parenting intervention effects on child appetite and maternal feeding practices through age 3 years. Appetite. 2021;159:105060. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105060
- Panichsillaphakit E, Chongpison Y, Saengpanit P, Kwanbunbumpen T, Uaariyapanichkul J, Chomtho S, Visuthranukul C. Children’s eating behavior questionnaire correlated with body compositions of thai children and adolescents with obesity: A pilot study. J Nutr Metabol. 2021;1:6496134. doi:10.1155/2021/6496134
- Dubois L, Bédard B, Goulet D, Prud’homme D, Tremblay RE, Boivin M. Eating behaviors, dietary patterns and weight status in emerging adulthood and longitudinal associations with eating behaviors in early childhood. IJBNPA. 2022;19(1):139. doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01376-z
- Musálek M, Sedlak P, Dvořáková H, Vážná A, Novák J, Kokštejn J, Pařízková J. Insufficient physical fitness and deficits in basic eating habits in Normal-weight obese children are apparent from pre-school age or sooner. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3464. doi:10.3390/nu13103464
- Yücel M, Karaibrahimoğlu A, Orhan H. Yetişkin yeme davranışı ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;5(2):59-67.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nutrition and Dietetics (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 24, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | October 23, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 11, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
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