Research Article
Türkiye'de Besin Güvencesizliğinin Sürdürülebilir ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Davranışları ve Obezite ile İlişkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de besin güvencesizliğinin (BG) sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ve obezite ile ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma Mart-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında Samsun'da (Türkiye) gerçekleştirilmiş ve 461 bireyi (%67,0 kadın; 19 yaş ve üzeri) kapsamıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bireylerin kendi bildirdikleri vücut ağırlığı (kg) ve boy uzunluğu (m) bilgileri kullanılarak, obezite BKİ ≥30 kg/m2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gıda Güvencesizliği Deneyim Ölçeği (GGDÖ) ve Sürdürülebilir ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Davranışları Ölçeği (SSBDÖ) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: BG oranı %42,5'tir ve 19-34 yaş arası bireylerde (%50,9), 35-49 yaş arası (%36,4) ve 65 yaş üstü (%34,0) bireylere göre daha yüksektir (p=0,03). BG, düzeltilmemiş modelde daha düşük obezite riski ile ilişkilendirilmiştir (p=0,005). Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum ve eğitim derecesi için düzeltme yapıldıktan sonra, BG ile obezite (p=0,07) ve SSBDÖ puanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p=0,61).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, BG'nin bu popülasyonda sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ve obezite ile ilişkili olmadığını göstermektedir. Türkiye'de daha geniş popülasyonlarda bireysel düzeyde BG'yi ve BG'nin çevresel ve sağlık etkilerini araştıran daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
References
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- Hunter-Adams J, Battersby J, Oni T. Food insecurity in relation to obesity in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for diet-related non-communicable disease. Appetite. 2019;137:244-249.
- Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6-10.
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- Ranjit N, Macias S, Hoelscher D. Factors related to poor diet quality in food insecure populations. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(6):1297-1305.
- Kraemer K, Cordaro J, Fanzo J, et al. Sustainable Diets for Nutrition and Environmental Health: The impact of food choices, dietary patterns and consumerism on the planet. In: Good Nutrition: Perspectives for the 21st Century. Karger Publishers; 2016:160-172.
- Hwalla N, Jomaa L, Hachem F, et al. Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Diets to Mitigate Food Insecurity Amidst Economic and Health Crises in Lebanon. Front Nutr. 2021;8:697225. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.697225
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- Balan IM, Gherman ED, Gherman R, et al. Sustainable Nutrition for Increased Food Security Related to Romanian Consumers' Behavior. Nutrients. 2022;14(22). doi:10.3390/nu14224892
- Öztürk YE, Uzdil Z, Macit S, Kaya P. Associations between Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Healthy Eating Index-2015 with Obesity in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. OTJHS. 2024;9(2):130-135.
- Wolfson JA, Posluszny H, Kronsteiner-Gicevic S, Willett W, Leung CW. Food Insecurity and Less Frequent Cooking Dinner at Home Are Associated with Lower Diet Quality in a National Sample of Low-Income Adults in the United States during the Initial Months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022;122(10):1893-1902.
- Franssen Tİ Stijnen M, Hamers F, Schneider F. Age differences in demographic, social and health-related factors associated with loneliness across the adult life span (19–65 years): a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1118. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09208-0
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- Żakowska-Biemans S, Pieniak Z, Kostyra E, Gutkowska K. Searching for a measure integrating sustainable and healthy eating behaviors. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):95. doi:10.3390/nu11010095
- Koksal E, Bilici S, Citar Daziroglu ME, Erdogan Govez N. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale. Br J Nutr. 2022:1-20.
- Tari Selcuk K, Atan RM, Arslan S, Sahin N. Is food insecurity related to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023;30(29):74280-74289.
- Cai J, Parker M, Tekwe C, Bidulescu A. Food insecurity and mental health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from National Health Interview Survey, 2020–2021. J Affect Disord. 2024;356:707-714.
- Mortaş H, Navruz-Varlı S, Çıtar-Dazıroğlu ME, Bilici S. Can Unveiling the Relationship between Nutritional Literacy and Sustainable Eating Behaviors Survive Our Future? Sustainability. 2023;15(18). doi:10.3390/su151813925
- Metin ZE, Çelik ÖM, Koç N. Relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, sustainable and healthy eating behaviors, and climate change awareness: A cross-sectional study from Turkey. Nutrition. 2024;118:112266. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.112266
- Kehoe SH, Wrottesley SV, Ware L, et al. Food insecurity, diet quality and body composition: data from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) pilot survey in urban Soweto, South Africa. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(7):1629-1637.
- Perignon M, Vieux F, Verger EO, Bricas N, Darmon N. Dietary environmental impacts of French adults are poorly related to their income levels or food insecurity status. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(6):2541-2553.
- Esin K, Ayyıldız F. Food insecurity, Mediterranean diet adherence, and psychosocial health among university students in Türkiye. IJEHR. 2024;34(1):649-659.
Year 2025,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 111 - 117, 30.06.2025
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine food insecurity (FI) in relation to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors and obesity in Türkiye.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between March and May 2023 in Samsun, Türkiye and included 461 people (67.0% women; aged 19 years and over). Data were collected via the online survey method. Using self-reported body weight (kg) and height (m), obesity was determined based on BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale (SHEBS) were administered.
Results: The rate of FI was 42.5% and was higher in individuals aged 19–34 years (50.9%) than in individuals aged 35–49 years (36.4%) and 65+ years (34.0%) (p=0.03). FI was associated with a lower risk of obesity in the unadjusted model (p=0.005). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status and education degree, FI was no longer significantly associated with obesity (p=0.07) and was not associated with SHEBS score (p=0.61).
Conclusions: This study suggests that FI is not related to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors and obesity in this population. More studies investigating FI at the individual level in larger populations in Türkiye and the environmental and health impacts of FI are needed.
References
- Cafiero C, Viviani S, Nord M. Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale. Measurement. 2018;116:146-152.
- Sato PM, Ulian MD, da Silva Oliveira MS, et al. Signs and strategies to deal with food insecurity and consumption of ultra-processed foods among Amazonian mothers. Glob Public Health. 2020;15(8):1130-1143.
- Carvajal-Aldaz D, Cucalon G, Ordonez C. Food insecurity as a risk factor for obesity: A review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1012734. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1012734
- Hunter-Adams J, Battersby J, Oni T. Food insecurity in relation to obesity in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for diet-related non-communicable disease. Appetite. 2019;137:244-249.
- Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6-10.
- World Health Organization. WHO European regional obesity report 2022. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2025.
- Eskandari F, Lake AA, Rose K, Butler M, O'Malley C. A mixed‐method systematic review and meta‐analysis of the influences of food environments and food insecurity on obesity in high‐income countries. Food Sci Nutr. 2022;10(11):3689-3723.
- Ranjit N, Macias S, Hoelscher D. Factors related to poor diet quality in food insecure populations. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(6):1297-1305.
- Kraemer K, Cordaro J, Fanzo J, et al. Sustainable Diets for Nutrition and Environmental Health: The impact of food choices, dietary patterns and consumerism on the planet. In: Good Nutrition: Perspectives for the 21st Century. Karger Publishers; 2016:160-172.
- Hwalla N, Jomaa L, Hachem F, et al. Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Diets to Mitigate Food Insecurity Amidst Economic and Health Crises in Lebanon. Front Nutr. 2021;8:697225. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.697225
- Rippin HL, Wickramasinghe K, Halloran A, et al. Disrupted food systems in the WHO European region - a threat or opportunity for healthy and sustainable food and nutrition? Food Secur. 2020;12(4):859-864.
- Balan IM, Gherman ED, Gherman R, et al. Sustainable Nutrition for Increased Food Security Related to Romanian Consumers' Behavior. Nutrients. 2022;14(22). doi:10.3390/nu14224892
- Öztürk YE, Uzdil Z, Macit S, Kaya P. Associations between Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Healthy Eating Index-2015 with Obesity in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. OTJHS. 2024;9(2):130-135.
- Wolfson JA, Posluszny H, Kronsteiner-Gicevic S, Willett W, Leung CW. Food Insecurity and Less Frequent Cooking Dinner at Home Are Associated with Lower Diet Quality in a National Sample of Low-Income Adults in the United States during the Initial Months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022;122(10):1893-1902.
- Franssen Tİ Stijnen M, Hamers F, Schneider F. Age differences in demographic, social and health-related factors associated with loneliness across the adult life span (19–65 years): a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1118. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09208-0
- United Nations. Leaving no one behind in an ageing world. World Social Report 2023. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/01/2023wsr-chapter1-.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2025.
- World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization technical report series. 2000;894:1-253.
- FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 – Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms. 2024. doi:10.4060/cd1254en
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Applying the FIES. https://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/using-fies/en/. Accessed April 2, 2025.
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health. Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey (TNHS) 2017. 2019. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Ingilizce_Yayinlar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_2017_ENG_.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2025.
- Dudek H, Myszkowska-Ryciak. The Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Food Insecurity in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 20207:6221. doi: 0.3390/ijerph17176221
- Żakowska-Biemans S, Pieniak Z, Kostyra E, Gutkowska K. Searching for a measure integrating sustainable and healthy eating behaviors. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):95. doi:10.3390/nu11010095
- Koksal E, Bilici S, Citar Daziroglu ME, Erdogan Govez N. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale. Br J Nutr. 2022:1-20.
- Tari Selcuk K, Atan RM, Arslan S, Sahin N. Is food insecurity related to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023;30(29):74280-74289.
- Cai J, Parker M, Tekwe C, Bidulescu A. Food insecurity and mental health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from National Health Interview Survey, 2020–2021. J Affect Disord. 2024;356:707-714.
- Mortaş H, Navruz-Varlı S, Çıtar-Dazıroğlu ME, Bilici S. Can Unveiling the Relationship between Nutritional Literacy and Sustainable Eating Behaviors Survive Our Future? Sustainability. 2023;15(18). doi:10.3390/su151813925
- Metin ZE, Çelik ÖM, Koç N. Relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, sustainable and healthy eating behaviors, and climate change awareness: A cross-sectional study from Turkey. Nutrition. 2024;118:112266. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.112266
- Kehoe SH, Wrottesley SV, Ware L, et al. Food insecurity, diet quality and body composition: data from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) pilot survey in urban Soweto, South Africa. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(7):1629-1637.
- Perignon M, Vieux F, Verger EO, Bricas N, Darmon N. Dietary environmental impacts of French adults are poorly related to their income levels or food insecurity status. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(6):2541-2553.
- Esin K, Ayyıldız F. Food insecurity, Mediterranean diet adherence, and psychosocial health among university students in Türkiye. IJEHR. 2024;34(1):649-659.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Public Health Nutrition |
| Journal Section | Research article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 24, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | December 3, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | April 24, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
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