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Küreselleşme, İnsani Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerindeki Nedensel Dinamikleri: İGE'ye Dayalı Ülkeler Arası Bir Analiz

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1298 - 1309, 23.12.2024

Şükrü Apaydın

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1586894

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, küreselleşme, ekonomik büyüme, insani gelişim ve ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki nedensel dinamikleri incelemektir. Juodis ve arkadaşları (2021) tarafından geliştirilen panel Granger nedensellik testi kullanılarak, 1990-2021 dönemini kapsayan ve 118 ülkeyi içeren veriler analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, insani gelişme endeksi (İGE) temel alınarak dört farklı ülke grubu (çok yüksek İGE, yüksek İGE, orta İGE ve düşük İGE) için çok değişkenli nedensellik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın önemli bulgularından biri, tüm ülke gruplarında küreselleşme ile insani gelişim ve ekolojik ayak izi arasında ortak bir nedensel ilişki olduğunun tutarlı bir şekilde ortaya çıkmasıdır. Benzer şekilde, küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyümenin ekolojik ayak izinin ortak Granger nedeni olduğu bulunmuştur, ancak bu durum orta İGE grubu için geçerli değildir. Sonuç olarak, küreselleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve insani gelişim gibi temel ekonomik hedefler, tüm ülkelerde ekolojik ayak izinin önemli belirleyicileri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bulgular ışığında, politika yapıcıların ekonomik politikaları gözden geçirmesi ve nihai ekonomik hedeflerin sürdürülebilirliğine gereken önemi vermesi hayati önemdedir.

Keywords

Küreselleşme İktisadi büyüme Beşeri Kalkınma Ekolojik ayak izi

References

  • Abid, Arzoo; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq; Luni, Tania (2021) : Analyzing ecological footprint through the lens of globalization, financial development, natural resources, human capital and urbanization, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK), Lahore, Vol. 15, Iss. 4, pp. 765-795
  • Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Majeed, A., Umar, M., Khan, Z., & Muhammad, S. (2020). The dynamic impact of natural resources, technological innovations and economic growth on ecological footprint: an advanced panel data estimation. Resources Policy, 69, 1-10.
  • Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Murshed, M., Shehzad, K., Akram, R., Cui, L., & Khan, Z. (2021). Modelling the dynamic linkages between eco-innovation, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprints for G7 countries: does financial globalization matter?. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102881.
  • Ahmed, Z., Ahmad, M., Rjoub, H., Kalugina, O. A., & Hussain, N. (2022). Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 30(4), 595-605.
  • Ahmed, Z., Wang, Z., Mahmood, F., Hafeez, M., & Ali, N. (2019). Does globalization increase the ecological footprint? Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 18565-18582.
  • Ali, Q., Yaseen, M. R., Anwar, S., Makhdum, M. S. A., & Khan, M. T. I. (2021). The impact of tourism, renewable energy, and economic growth on ecological footprint and natural resources: A panel data analysis. Resources Policy, 74, 1-17.
  • Ansari, M. A., Haider, S., & Masood, T. (2021). Do renewable energy and globalization enhance ecological footprint: an analysis of top renewable energy countries? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 6719-6732.
  • Apaydin, Ş., Ursavaş, U., & Koç, Ü. (2021). The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(38), 53379-53393.
  • Arrighi, G. (2000). Uzun yirminci yüzyıl: Para, güç ve çağımızın kökenleri (Çev. R. Boztemur). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bi, K., Akhtar, R., Masud, M. M., Sultana, S., Zhao, Y., & Al‐Mamun, A. (2024, March). Unveiling the nexus of globalization, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. In Natural Resources Forum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Danish, H. S., Baloch, M. A., Mahmood, N., & Zhang, J. W. (2019). Linking economic growth and ecological footprint through human capital and biocapacity. Sustain Cities Soc 47: 101516.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Etokakpan, M. U., Adedoyin, F. F., Vedat, Y., & Bekun, F. V. (2020). Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 26125-26140.
  • Ewing, B., Moore, D., Goldfinger, S., Oursler, A., Reed, A. and Wackernagel, M. (2010). Ecological footprint atlas. Oakland: Global Footprint Network.
  • Hussain, H. I., Haseeb, M., Kamarudin, F., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., & Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2021). The role of globalization, economic growth and natural resources on the ecological footprint in Thailand: Evidence from nonlinear causal estimations. Processes, 9(7), 1103.
  • Ibrahiem, D. M., & Hanafy, S. A. (2020). Dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel energy consumption and globalization: an empirical analysis. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(6), 1549-1568.
  • Javeed, S., Siddique, H. M. A., & Javed, F. (2023). Ecological footprint, globalization, and economic growth: evidence from Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(31), 77006-77021.
  • Jones, A. (2010). Globalization: Key thinkers. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Juodis, A., Karavias, Y., & Sarafidis, V. (2021). A homogeneous approach to testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Empirical economics, 60(1), 93-112.
  • Karimli, T., Mirzaliyev, N., & Guliyev, H. (2024). The Globalization and Ecological Footprint in European Countries: Correlation or Causation?. Research in Globalization, 8, 100208.
  • Kassouri, Y., & Altıntaş, H. (2020). Human well-being versus ecological footprint in MENA countries: a trade-off? Journal of Environmental Management, 263, 110405.
  • Keohane, R. O. and Nye, J. S. (2000). Globalization: What's new? What's not? (and so what?). Foreign Policy, 118, 104-119. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org
  • Kihombo, S., Ahmed, Z., Chen, S., Adebayo, T. S., & Kirikkaleli, D. (2021). Linking financial development, economic growth, and ecological footprint: what is the role of technological innovation? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(43), 61235-61245.
  • Kirikkaleli, D., Adebayo, T. S., Khan, Z., & Ali, S. (2021). Does globalization matter for ecological footprint in Turkey? Evidence from dual adjustment approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(11), 14009-14017.
  • Mazlum, E. C. (2024). Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries. Kent Akademisi, 17. 301-318. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1516464
  • Mehmood, U., Aslam, M. U., & Javed, M. A. (2023). Associating economic growth and ecological footprints through human capital and biocapacity in south Asia. World, 4(3), 598-611.
  • Mrabet, Z., Alsamara, M., Mimouni, K., & Mnasri, A. (2021). Can human development and political stability improve environmental quality? New evidence from the MENA region. Economic Modelling, 94, 28-44.
  • Nathaniel, S. P. (2021). Economic complexity versus ecological footprint in the era of globalization: evidence from ASEAN countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 64871-64881.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (1997). Economic globalization and the. environment. Paris: OECD Publications.
  • Panayotou, T. (2000). Globalization and environment (Harvard University Center for International Development Working Paper No. 53). Retrieved from https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/cid/files/publications/faculty-working-papers/053.pdf
  • Pata, U. K. (2021). Linking renewable energy, globalization, agriculture, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint in BRIC countries: A sustainability perspective. Renewable Energy, 173, 197-208.
  • Pata, U. K., & Yilanci, V. (2020). Financial development, globalization and ecological footprint in G7: further evidence from threshold cointegration and fractional frequency causality tests. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 27(4), 803-825.
  • Pata, U. K., Aydin, M., & Haouas, I. (2021). Are natural resources abundance and human development a solution for environmental pressure? Evidence from top ten countries with the largest ecological footprint. Resources Policy, 70, 101923.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers. Economics, 1240(1), 1.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Radmehr, R., Shayanmehr, S., Ali, E. B., Ofori, E. K., Jasińska, E., & Jasiński, M. (2022). Exploring the nexus of renewable energy, ecological footprint, and economic growth through globalization and human capital in g7 economics. Sustainability, 14(19), 12227.
  • Rennen, W. and Martens, P. (2003). The globalization timeline. Integrated Assessment, 4(3), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1076/iaij.4.3.137.23768
  • Sabir, S., & Gorus, M. S. (2019). The impact of globalization on ecological footprint: empirical evidence from the South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 33387-33398.
  • Ullah, A., Ahmed, M., Raza, S. A., & Ali, S. (2021). A threshold approach to sustainable development: nonlinear relationship between renewable energy consumption, natural resource rent, and ecological footprint. Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 1-10.
  • Ullah, A., Tekbaş, M., & Doğan, M. (2023). The impact of economic growth, natural resources, urbanization and biocapacity on the ecological footprint: The case of Turkey. Sustainability, 15(17), 1-15.
  • Xiao, J., Karavias, Y., Juodis, A., Sarafidis, V., & Ditzen, J. (2023). Improved tests for Granger noncausality in panel data. The Stata Journal, 23(1), 230-242.
  • Yang, B., & Usman, M. (2021). Do industrialization, economic growth and globalization processes influence the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures? Fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for countries with the highest healthcare expenditures. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 893-910.
  • Yang, B., Jahanger, A., & Ali, M. (2021). Remittance inflows affect the ecological footprint in BICS countries: do technological innovation and financial development matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 23482-23500.
  • Yang, X., Li, N., Mu, H., Zhang, M., Pang, J., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Study on the long-term and short-term effects of globalization and population aging on ecological footprint in OECD countries. Ecological Complexity, 47, 100946.
  • Yeldan, E. (2001). Küreselleşme sürecinde Türkiye ekonomisi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yilanci, V., & Gorus, M. S. (2020). Does economic globalization have predictive power for ecological footprint in MENA counties? A panel causality test with a Fourier function. Environmental science and pollution research, 27(32), 40552-40562.
  • Yunani, A., Dalle, J., & Maulida, S. (2020). Can Life Quality Dimensions Alter Ecological Footprint for Sustainability of ASEAN Countries? Role of Per Capita Income Happiness and Human Development. Journal of Securıty and Sustaınabılıty Issues, 9, 242-252.

The Causal Dynamics of Globalization, Human Development and Economic Growth on Ecological Footprint: An HDI-Based Cross-Country Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1298 - 1309, 23.12.2024

Şükrü Apaydın

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1586894

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the causal relationships among globalization, economic growth, human development, and the ecological footprint. Employing the panel Granger causality test developed by Juodis et al. (2021), this study utilizes data from 118 countries spanning the period from 1990 to 2021. I also conduct a multivariate causality analysis for four distinct country groups based on their human development index (very high HDI, high HDI, medium HDI, and low HDI). A key finding of this study is the consistent emergence of a joint causal relationship between globalization and human development and the ecological footprint across all country groups. Similarly, I find globalization and economic growth to be joint Granger causes of the ecological footprint, except for the medium HDI group. Consequently, globalization, along with growth and human development as fundamental economic objectives, emerges as significant drivers of the ecological footprint across all countries. In light of these findings, it is imperative for policymakers to revisit economic policies, giving due consideration to the sustainability of ultimate economic goals.

Keywords

Globalization Economic growth Human development Ecological footprint panel causality

References

  • Abid, Arzoo; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq; Luni, Tania (2021) : Analyzing ecological footprint through the lens of globalization, financial development, natural resources, human capital and urbanization, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK), Lahore, Vol. 15, Iss. 4, pp. 765-795
  • Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Majeed, A., Umar, M., Khan, Z., & Muhammad, S. (2020). The dynamic impact of natural resources, technological innovations and economic growth on ecological footprint: an advanced panel data estimation. Resources Policy, 69, 1-10.
  • Ahmad, M., Jiang, P., Murshed, M., Shehzad, K., Akram, R., Cui, L., & Khan, Z. (2021). Modelling the dynamic linkages between eco-innovation, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprints for G7 countries: does financial globalization matter?. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102881.
  • Ahmed, Z., Ahmad, M., Rjoub, H., Kalugina, O. A., & Hussain, N. (2022). Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 30(4), 595-605.
  • Ahmed, Z., Wang, Z., Mahmood, F., Hafeez, M., & Ali, N. (2019). Does globalization increase the ecological footprint? Empirical evidence from Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 18565-18582.
  • Ali, Q., Yaseen, M. R., Anwar, S., Makhdum, M. S. A., & Khan, M. T. I. (2021). The impact of tourism, renewable energy, and economic growth on ecological footprint and natural resources: A panel data analysis. Resources Policy, 74, 1-17.
  • Ansari, M. A., Haider, S., & Masood, T. (2021). Do renewable energy and globalization enhance ecological footprint: an analysis of top renewable energy countries? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 6719-6732.
  • Apaydin, Ş., Ursavaş, U., & Koç, Ü. (2021). The impact of globalization on the ecological footprint: do convergence clubs matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(38), 53379-53393.
  • Arrighi, G. (2000). Uzun yirminci yüzyıl: Para, güç ve çağımızın kökenleri (Çev. R. Boztemur). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bi, K., Akhtar, R., Masud, M. M., Sultana, S., Zhao, Y., & Al‐Mamun, A. (2024, March). Unveiling the nexus of globalization, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. In Natural Resources Forum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Danish, H. S., Baloch, M. A., Mahmood, N., & Zhang, J. W. (2019). Linking economic growth and ecological footprint through human capital and biocapacity. Sustain Cities Soc 47: 101516.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Etokakpan, M. U., Adedoyin, F. F., Vedat, Y., & Bekun, F. V. (2020). Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 26125-26140.
  • Ewing, B., Moore, D., Goldfinger, S., Oursler, A., Reed, A. and Wackernagel, M. (2010). Ecological footprint atlas. Oakland: Global Footprint Network.
  • Hussain, H. I., Haseeb, M., Kamarudin, F., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., & Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2021). The role of globalization, economic growth and natural resources on the ecological footprint in Thailand: Evidence from nonlinear causal estimations. Processes, 9(7), 1103.
  • Ibrahiem, D. M., & Hanafy, S. A. (2020). Dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel energy consumption and globalization: an empirical analysis. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(6), 1549-1568.
  • Javeed, S., Siddique, H. M. A., & Javed, F. (2023). Ecological footprint, globalization, and economic growth: evidence from Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(31), 77006-77021.
  • Jones, A. (2010). Globalization: Key thinkers. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Juodis, A., Karavias, Y., & Sarafidis, V. (2021). A homogeneous approach to testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Empirical economics, 60(1), 93-112.
  • Karimli, T., Mirzaliyev, N., & Guliyev, H. (2024). The Globalization and Ecological Footprint in European Countries: Correlation or Causation?. Research in Globalization, 8, 100208.
  • Kassouri, Y., & Altıntaş, H. (2020). Human well-being versus ecological footprint in MENA countries: a trade-off? Journal of Environmental Management, 263, 110405.
  • Keohane, R. O. and Nye, J. S. (2000). Globalization: What's new? What's not? (and so what?). Foreign Policy, 118, 104-119. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org
  • Kihombo, S., Ahmed, Z., Chen, S., Adebayo, T. S., & Kirikkaleli, D. (2021). Linking financial development, economic growth, and ecological footprint: what is the role of technological innovation? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(43), 61235-61245.
  • Kirikkaleli, D., Adebayo, T. S., Khan, Z., & Ali, S. (2021). Does globalization matter for ecological footprint in Turkey? Evidence from dual adjustment approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(11), 14009-14017.
  • Mazlum, E. C. (2024). Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries. Kent Akademisi, 17. 301-318. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1516464
  • Mehmood, U., Aslam, M. U., & Javed, M. A. (2023). Associating economic growth and ecological footprints through human capital and biocapacity in south Asia. World, 4(3), 598-611.
  • Mrabet, Z., Alsamara, M., Mimouni, K., & Mnasri, A. (2021). Can human development and political stability improve environmental quality? New evidence from the MENA region. Economic Modelling, 94, 28-44.
  • Nathaniel, S. P. (2021). Economic complexity versus ecological footprint in the era of globalization: evidence from ASEAN countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 64871-64881.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (1997). Economic globalization and the. environment. Paris: OECD Publications.
  • Panayotou, T. (2000). Globalization and environment (Harvard University Center for International Development Working Paper No. 53). Retrieved from https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/cid/files/publications/faculty-working-papers/053.pdf
  • Pata, U. K. (2021). Linking renewable energy, globalization, agriculture, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint in BRIC countries: A sustainability perspective. Renewable Energy, 173, 197-208.
  • Pata, U. K., & Yilanci, V. (2020). Financial development, globalization and ecological footprint in G7: further evidence from threshold cointegration and fractional frequency causality tests. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 27(4), 803-825.
  • Pata, U. K., Aydin, M., & Haouas, I. (2021). Are natural resources abundance and human development a solution for environmental pressure? Evidence from top ten countries with the largest ecological footprint. Resources Policy, 70, 101923.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers. Economics, 1240(1), 1.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Radmehr, R., Shayanmehr, S., Ali, E. B., Ofori, E. K., Jasińska, E., & Jasiński, M. (2022). Exploring the nexus of renewable energy, ecological footprint, and economic growth through globalization and human capital in g7 economics. Sustainability, 14(19), 12227.
  • Rennen, W. and Martens, P. (2003). The globalization timeline. Integrated Assessment, 4(3), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1076/iaij.4.3.137.23768
  • Sabir, S., & Gorus, M. S. (2019). The impact of globalization on ecological footprint: empirical evidence from the South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 33387-33398.
  • Ullah, A., Ahmed, M., Raza, S. A., & Ali, S. (2021). A threshold approach to sustainable development: nonlinear relationship between renewable energy consumption, natural resource rent, and ecological footprint. Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 1-10.
  • Ullah, A., Tekbaş, M., & Doğan, M. (2023). The impact of economic growth, natural resources, urbanization and biocapacity on the ecological footprint: The case of Turkey. Sustainability, 15(17), 1-15.
  • Xiao, J., Karavias, Y., Juodis, A., Sarafidis, V., & Ditzen, J. (2023). Improved tests for Granger noncausality in panel data. The Stata Journal, 23(1), 230-242.
  • Yang, B., & Usman, M. (2021). Do industrialization, economic growth and globalization processes influence the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures? Fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for countries with the highest healthcare expenditures. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 893-910.
  • Yang, B., Jahanger, A., & Ali, M. (2021). Remittance inflows affect the ecological footprint in BICS countries: do technological innovation and financial development matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 23482-23500.
  • Yang, X., Li, N., Mu, H., Zhang, M., Pang, J., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Study on the long-term and short-term effects of globalization and population aging on ecological footprint in OECD countries. Ecological Complexity, 47, 100946.
  • Yeldan, E. (2001). Küreselleşme sürecinde Türkiye ekonomisi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yilanci, V., & Gorus, M. S. (2020). Does economic globalization have predictive power for ecological footprint in MENA counties? A panel causality test with a Fourier function. Environmental science and pollution research, 27(32), 40552-40562.
  • Yunani, A., Dalle, J., & Maulida, S. (2020). Can Life Quality Dimensions Alter Ecological Footprint for Sustainability of ASEAN Countries? Role of Per Capita Income Happiness and Human Development. Journal of Securıty and Sustaınabılıty Issues, 9, 242-252.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecological Economics, Macroeconomic Theory
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Şükrü Apaydın 0000-0003-4640-8135

Publication Date December 23, 2024
Submission Date November 17, 2024
Acceptance Date December 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Apaydın, Ş. (2024). The Causal Dynamics of Globalization, Human Development and Economic Growth on Ecological Footprint: An HDI-Based Cross-Country Analysis. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 8(4), 1298-1309. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1586894
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