Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 154 - 168, 30.04.2025
Abstract
References
- American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Bangsbo, J. (2015). Performance in sports – with specific emphasis on the effect of intensified training. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 25, 88-99.
- Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B, 57(1), 289-300.
- Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., & Alter, D. A. (2015). Sedentary time and its associated with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med, 162(2), 123-132.
- Boksem, M. A. S., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2005). Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an ERP study. Brain Res Cogn, 25(1), 107-116.
- CDC National Center for Health Statistics. Exercise or Physical Activity. Published December 15, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
- Duke, É., & Montag, C. (2017). Smartphone addiction, daily interruptions and self-reported productivity. Addict Behav Rep, 6, 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.07.002
- Edworthy, J., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness on treadmill exercise. Ergon, 49(15), 1597-1610.
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
- Fennell, C., Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2019). The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18-80. Comput Human Behav, 90, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.044
- Fortes, L. S., Nakamura, F. Y., Lima-Junior, D., Ferreira, M. E., & Fonseca, F. S. (2020). Does social media use on smartphones influence endurance, power, and swimming performance in high-level swimmers? Res Q Exercise Sport, 93(1), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1810848
- Gantois, P., de Lima-Junior, D., de Sousa Fortes, L., Batista, G. R., Nakamura, F. Y., & de Souza Fonseca, F. (2021). Mental fatigue from smartphone use reduces volume-load in resistance training: a randomized, single-blinded cross-over study. Percept Mot Skills, 128(4), 1640-1659.
- Haff, G., & Triplett, N. T. (2021). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., Sanders, G. J., Rebold, M., & Gates, P. (2013). The relationship between cell phone use, physical and sedentary activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of U.S. college students. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 10(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-79 MacPherson, S. E. (2018). Definition: dual-tasking and multitasking. Cereb Cortex, 106, 313-314. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.009
- Peterson, J. A. (2006). Take ten: take-and-save: ten (lame) reasons people commonly give for not exercising. ACSMs Health Fit J, 10(1), 44.
- Rebold, M. J., Kobak, M. S., Croall, C. A., Cumberledge, E. A., Dirlam, M. T., & Sheehan, T. P. (2019). The impact of cell phone texting during aerobic exercise on measures of cognition. Int J Exerc Sci, 12(5), 646-656. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol12/iss5/9
- Rebold, M. J., Lepp, A., Sanders, G. J., & Barkley, J. E. (2015). The impact of cell phone use on the intensity and liking of a bout of treadmill exercise. PloS one, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125029
- Robertson, R., Gross, F., Rutkowski, J., Lenz, B., Dixon, C., Timmer, J., Frazee, K., Dube, J., & Andreacci, J. (2003). Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 333-341.
- Roemmich, J. N., Barkley, J. E., Lobarinas, C. L., Foster, J. H., White, T. M., & Epstein, L. H. (2008). Association of liking and reinforcing value with children’s physical activity. Physiol Behav, 93, 1011-1018.
- Stork, M. J., Kwan, M. Y., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(5), 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000494
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 154 - 168, 30.04.2025
Abstract
Several health risks are associated with sedentary behavior; therefore, it is important to better understand behaviors such as smartphone use and how it may influence physical activity and/or exercise. This study assessed the effects of smartphone use during resistance training (RT) exercise on volume load, intensity, liking, and productivity. Twenty college-age students participated in two separate 30-minute RT workouts (smartphone ALL and smartphone MUSIC) on two different days. One condition was assigned an upper-body workout, while the other condition was assigned a lower-body workout. During the smartphone ALL condition, participants were instructed to use their smartphone for any function (e.g., texting, apps, music, etc.). For the other smartphone MUSIC conditions, participants were instructed to only use their smartphone for music. There were no significant differences in volume-load and exercise intensity between smartphone ALL upper body exercises and smartphone MUSIC upper body exercises and smartphone ALL lower body exercises and smartphone MUSIC lower body exercises (t < 0.59, p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in liking and productivity between smartphone ALL upper body exercises and smartphone MUSIC upper body exercises and smartphone ALL lower body exercises and smartphone MUSIC lower body exercises (t < 3.01, p < 0.01). In conclusion, using your smartphone for all functions, rather than limiting it to music purposes only, can interfere with RT exercise, resulting in a significant decrease in liking (i.e., enjoyment) and perceived productivity.
References
- American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Bangsbo, J. (2015). Performance in sports – with specific emphasis on the effect of intensified training. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 25, 88-99.
- Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B, 57(1), 289-300.
- Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., & Alter, D. A. (2015). Sedentary time and its associated with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med, 162(2), 123-132.
- Boksem, M. A. S., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2005). Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an ERP study. Brain Res Cogn, 25(1), 107-116.
- CDC National Center for Health Statistics. Exercise or Physical Activity. Published December 15, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
- Duke, É., & Montag, C. (2017). Smartphone addiction, daily interruptions and self-reported productivity. Addict Behav Rep, 6, 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.07.002
- Edworthy, J., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness on treadmill exercise. Ergon, 49(15), 1597-1610.
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
- Fennell, C., Barkley, J. E., & Lepp, A. (2019). The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18-80. Comput Human Behav, 90, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.044
- Fortes, L. S., Nakamura, F. Y., Lima-Junior, D., Ferreira, M. E., & Fonseca, F. S. (2020). Does social media use on smartphones influence endurance, power, and swimming performance in high-level swimmers? Res Q Exercise Sport, 93(1), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1810848
- Gantois, P., de Lima-Junior, D., de Sousa Fortes, L., Batista, G. R., Nakamura, F. Y., & de Souza Fonseca, F. (2021). Mental fatigue from smartphone use reduces volume-load in resistance training: a randomized, single-blinded cross-over study. Percept Mot Skills, 128(4), 1640-1659.
- Haff, G., & Triplett, N. T. (2021). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., Sanders, G. J., Rebold, M., & Gates, P. (2013). The relationship between cell phone use, physical and sedentary activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of U.S. college students. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 10(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-79 MacPherson, S. E. (2018). Definition: dual-tasking and multitasking. Cereb Cortex, 106, 313-314. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.009
- Peterson, J. A. (2006). Take ten: take-and-save: ten (lame) reasons people commonly give for not exercising. ACSMs Health Fit J, 10(1), 44.
- Rebold, M. J., Kobak, M. S., Croall, C. A., Cumberledge, E. A., Dirlam, M. T., & Sheehan, T. P. (2019). The impact of cell phone texting during aerobic exercise on measures of cognition. Int J Exerc Sci, 12(5), 646-656. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol12/iss5/9
- Rebold, M. J., Lepp, A., Sanders, G. J., & Barkley, J. E. (2015). The impact of cell phone use on the intensity and liking of a bout of treadmill exercise. PloS one, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125029
- Robertson, R., Gross, F., Rutkowski, J., Lenz, B., Dixon, C., Timmer, J., Frazee, K., Dube, J., & Andreacci, J. (2003). Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 333-341.
- Roemmich, J. N., Barkley, J. E., Lobarinas, C. L., Foster, J. H., White, T. M., & Epstein, L. H. (2008). Association of liking and reinforcing value with children’s physical activity. Physiol Behav, 93, 1011-1018.
- Stork, M. J., Kwan, M. Y., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(5), 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000494
There are 20 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Physical Activity and Health |
| Journal Section | Physical Activity, Health & Exercise |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | November 20, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 27, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 |
