Case Report
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Employing an Eclectic Approach to Reduce Social Anxiety: An Adolescent Case Report

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 221 - 243, 24.06.2025

Tuğba Ay , Müge Akbağ

Abstract

The purpose of this case report study is to evaluate, on a case-specific basis, whether individual counseling sessions based on a technical eclecticism approach are effective in reducing performance anxiety and avoidance behaviors related to social anxiety in a 16-year-old adolescent referred to school counseling.The study is a single-subject, intervention-based case report. The case was evaluated and formulated using a technical eclecticism approach based on Lazarus' BASIC ID model. The intervention process consisted of eight sessions of psychological counseling, supported by supervision. The main techniques used were Metacognitive Therapy and Hypno-meditative Reprocessing Therapy, along with techniques from Schema Therapy and Behavioral Therapy. The results of the visual analysis, together with pre-, post- and follow-up measures using the Brief Symptom Inventory, showed a significant and sustained reduction in the client's anxiety levels and avoidance behaviours. The Reliable Change Index (RCI), calculated using the Jacobson and Truax JT method, confirmed the clinical significance of the changes observed. Furthermore, the therapeutic alliance is considered to be a contributing factor to the positive outcomes. In addition, clients' subjective evaluations of the counseling process also confirmed that the intervention was beneficial. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for psychological counselors and mental health professionals working with individuals experiencing different types and levels of anxiety.

Keywords

BASIC ID Case study Hypno-meditative reprocesssing therapy Metacognitive therapy Social anxiety Technical eclecticism

References

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Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 221 - 243, 24.06.2025

Tuğba Ay , Müge Akbağ

Abstract

References

  • Abdollahi, A., Hosseinian, S., Panahipour, H., & Allen, K. A. (2021). Cognitive behavioural therapy as an effective treatment for social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination. Current Psychology, 40, 4698-4707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00411-w
  • Ahi, S., & Yurtseven, C. S. (2022). Sosyal fobide bilişsel davranışçı terapi tedavi ve teknikleri: Bir olgu sunumu [Cognitive behavioral therapy treatment and techniques in social phobia: Case report]. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 132, 326-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ ASOS.63795
  • Alan Gencer, S. S., & Alan, H. (2023). Komplike yas tedavisinde hipnomeditatif yeniden işleme terapisi [Hypnomeditative reprocessing therapy in the treatment of complicated grief]. Anadolu Tıbbi Dergisi, 2(3), 1-6.
  • Alan, H., & Güzel, S. (2018). İleri hipnoz teknikleriyle hipnoterapi [Hypnotherapy with advanced hypnosis techniques]. Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları.
  • Alan, H. (2019). Hipnotik (hipnomeditatif) yeniden işleme terapisi: HYT [Hypnotic (hypno-meditative) reprocessing therapy: HRT]. Klinik Hipnoz Akademisi Yayınları Ders Notları.
  • Alnahdi, G. H. (2015). Single-subject designs in special education: Advantages and limitations. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 15(4), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12039
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders]. E. Köroğlu (Çev. Ed.). Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Amin, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(10), 945–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00060-6
  • Avşar, V. (2019). Bilişsel davranışçı terapiye dayalı bireysel psikolojik danışmanın sosyal kaygı, özyeterlik ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. [The effect of individual psychological counseling based on cognitive behavioral therapy on social anxiety, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being]. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Avşar, V., & Şengül Avşar, A. (2021). Ruh sağlığı çalışmalarında klinik anlamlılık [Clinical significance in mental health research]. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies and Research, 10(1), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.88460
  • Ay, T., & Alan, H. (2020). Kalıcı komplike yas tedavisinde hipnotik yeniden işleme terapisinin hızlı etkinliği. [Rapid efficiency of the hypnotic reprocessing therapy in treatment of complicated grief disorder]. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 3(2), 280-284. https://doi.org/10.5336/jtracom.2019-72444
  • Ayaslı, A., Ay, T., & Alan, H. (2020). Olumsuz yaşam deneyimlerine bağlı anksiyetede hipnotik yeniden işleme terapisinin etkinliği: Olgu sunumu [Effectiveness of hypnotic reprocessing therapy in anxiety due to negative life experiences: Case report]. Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Anadolu Tıbbı Dergisi, 2(2), 36-41.
  • Bamber, M. (2004). The good, the bad and defenceless Jimmy, a single case study of schema mode therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11(6), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.422
  • Baysal, A. (2004). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlikte başlıca hizmet türleri [Main types of services in psychological counseling and guidance]. In A. Kaya (Ed.), Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik [Psychological counseling and guidance ] (pp. 35-62). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Beck, A., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. Basic Books.
  • Borders, L. D., & Brown, L. L. (2005). The new handbook of counseling supervision. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research &Practice, 16(3), 252.
  • Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Voncken, M. (2010). Social anxiety disorder: Questions and answers for the DSM‐V. Depression and Anxiety, 27(2), 168–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20670
  • Butiuc, L. (2016). An overview of eclectic intervention in emotional disorders: A case study. Romanian Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Hypnosis, 3(1), 30-36.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2024). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (35. baskı). PEGEM Akademi
  • Carpenter, R., Waldrop, J., & Carter‐Templeton, H. (2021). Statistical, practical and clinical significance and doctor of nursing practice projects. Nurse Author & Editor, 31(3-4), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/nae2.27
  • Corey, G. (2008). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (8th edition). Thomson Brooks/Cole.
  • Cox, B. J., Clara, I. P., Sareen, J., & Stein, M. B. (2008). The structure of feared social situations among individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in two independent nationally representative mental health surveys. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(4), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.011
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc.
  • Doğan, U. (2013). Ergenlerde performans kaygısını yordayan değişkenlerin modellenmesi ve buna yönelik psikoeğitim programının işlevselliği [Modeling the predictors of performance anxiety in adolescents and the effectiveness of a related psychoeducation program]. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Erkuş, A. (2013). Davranış bilimleri için bilimsel araştırma süreci [The scientific research process for behavioral sciences]. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Farrell, M. J., Reiss, N., & Shaw, A. I. (2016). Şema terapi: Klinisyenin rehberi [The schema therapy: Clinician's guide]. Psikonet Yayınları.
  • Frets, P. G., Kevenaar, C., & Heiden, C. (2014). Imagery rescripting as a stand–alone treatment for patients with social phobia: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 160–169. https://doi 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.006
  • Hedley, L. M., Hoffart, A., & Sexton, H. (2001). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.15.2.131
  • Hook, J. N., & Valentiner, D. P. (2002). Are specific and generalized social phobias qualitatively distinct? Clinical Psychology, 9(4), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/9.4.379
  • Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 561-573.
  • Huppert, J. D., Roth Ledley, D., & Foa, E. B. (2006). The use of homework in behavior therapy for anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 16(2), 128-139. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1053-0479.16.2.128
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Counselling Psychology, Psychotherapy Practise and Research
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuğba Ay 0000-0002-9147-3625

Müge Akbağ 0000-0003-0507-9072

Early Pub Date June 24, 2025
Publication Date June 24, 2025
Submission Date May 13, 2025
Acceptance Date June 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ay, T., & Akbağ, M. (2025). Employing an Eclectic Approach to Reduce Social Anxiety: An Adolescent Case Report. Research on Education and Psychology, 9(1), 221-243.
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