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Çevredeki Per ve Polifloroalkil Madde (PFAS) Kirliliği: Tarihçesi, Kaynakları, Analizi, Riskleri ve İlgili Düzenlemeler

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 403 - 427, 30.06.2025

Meral Yurtsever

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1536329

Abstract

İnsan nüfusu ile insan faaliyetlerinin artmasına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan etkiler, dünyayı hızla kirletmekte ve doğal ortamları da giderek kimyasallaştırmaktadır. Per-ve polifloroalkil maddeler (PFAS'lar), 1940'tan sonra üretilmeye başlanan kimyasal bileşiklerdir. Bu maddeler, çeşitli endüstriyel uygulamalarda ve tüketici ürünlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan, yüksek kimyasal ve termal dirence sahip kimyasallardır. “Sonsuz Kimyasallar” olarak adlandırılan PFAS’lar kalıcılıkları sebebiyle dünyayı kimyasallaştıran insan yapımı maddelere iyi bir örnek teşkil eder. Çok geniş bir ürün yelpazesinde kullanıma sahip olduklarından dolayı insan sağlığına ve çevreye etkilerini değerlendirmek zor olabilmektedir. Bunun için, PFAS’lara maruziyetin kaynaklarını ve sürekliliğini özel bir dikkatle ortaya çıkarmak gerekir. PFAS'lar, keşiflerinden itibaren geniş çapta üretilmeleri ve kullanılmaları, bu kimyasalların çevresel olarak dayanıklı doğası, canlılarda biyobirikimi, potansiyel toksisiteleri, uzak bölgelere taşınımı ve uzun vadede oluşturabileceği diğer olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle ciddi endişelere yol açmaktadır. İlk sentezlerinden, üretimine ve yaygınlaşmasına kadar geçen sürede PFAS’ların tehlikesi nispeten ihmal edilirken, PFAS'ların çevresel varlığı, dağılımı ve potansiyel sağlık riskleri, 21. yüzyılın başından itibaren artan bilimsel araştırmalar ve ileri analitik teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi ile daha detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, PFAS’ların keşfinden günümüze kadar gelişen süreçler, kullanıldığı alanlar, PFAS’ların yapıları, kaynakları, türleri, analizleri, sınıflandırılmaları ve sınırlandırılmaları araştırılmıştır. Yaygınlık, kalıcılık, biyobirikebilirlik, yüksek hareketlilik ve toksisite gibi önemli özellikleri barındıran bu kirleticilerin çevre ve insan üzerinde oluşturduğu riskler açıklanmıştır.

Keywords

Mikrokirletici kalıcı florokimyasallar sonsuz kimyasallar toksik

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Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Pollution in the Environment: Its History, Sources, Risks and Related Regulations

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 403 - 427, 30.06.2025

Meral Yurtsever

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1536329

Abstract

The effects arising from the increase in human population and activities are rapidly polluting the world and increasingly chemicalizing natural environments. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) are chemical compounds that started to be produced after 1940. These substances are chemicals with high chemical and thermal resistance and are widely used in various industrial applications and consumer products. PFASs, the so-called "Forever Chemicals," are a good example of man-made substances that chemicalized the world due to their persistence. Because they are used in a wide range of products, it can be difficult to assess the effects of PFASs on human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the sources and continuity of exposure to PFASs with particular attention. PFASs have raised serious concerns due to their widespread production and use since their invention, the environmentally resistant nature of these chemicals, their bioaccumulation in living organisms, their potential toxicity, their transport to remote areas and other long-term adverse effects. While the hazards of PFASs were relatively neglected during the period from their invention to their production and widespread use, the environmental presence, distribution and potential health risks of PFASs have started to be revealed in more detail with the increasing scientific research and development of advanced analytical technologies since the beginning of the 21st century. In this study, the processes that have evolved since the discovery of PFASs until today, the areas where they are used, the structures, sources, types, analyses, classification and restrictions of PFASs have been investigated. The risks these pollutants pose, which have significant characteristics such as widespread, persistence, biodegradability, high mobility and toxicity, on the environment and humans are explained.

Keywords

Micropollutants persistent fluorochemicals forever chemicals toxic

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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Global Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Review
Authors

Meral Yurtsever 0000-0002-7965-1919

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date August 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yurtsever, M. (2025). Çevredeki Per ve Polifloroalkil Madde (PFAS) Kirliliği: Tarihçesi, Kaynakları, Analizi, Riskleri ve İlgili Düzenlemeler. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1), 403-427. https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1536329
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