Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Tekstil Materyallerinin Renklendirilmesinde Kullanılan Antibakteriyel Azo Bileşikleri

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 452 - 475, 30.06.2025

Pinar Saral Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1588729

Abstract

Azo bileşikleri, kimyasal yapısında en az bir azo grubu bulunduran (-N=N-) renkli organik bileşiklerdir. Azo bileşikleri; tekstil, boyalar, kaplamalar, baskı mürekkepleri ve plastikler gibi farklı uygulamalarda uzun süredir parlak renk veren renklendiriciler olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, tıp, analitik kimya, koordinasyon ve kompleks kimyası, boya-üretim kimyası ile organik reaktiflerin geliştirilmesi dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda giderek artan bir ilgiyle yeni çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Diazolama ve kenetleme adımlarında kullanılan başlangıç maddelerini çeşitlendirmek ve bunları farklı sübstitüentler ile metal iyonlarıyla birleştirmek suretiyle çok çeşitli azo bileşikleri sentezlenebilir. Farklı bileşenleri birleştirerek çok geniş bir yelpazede antibakteriyel tekstil boyaları hızla üretilebilir ve yalnızca boyama yoluyla antibakteriyel teknik tekstil ürünleri tek bir adımda elde edilebilir. Terbiye aşamalarının sayısını azaltmak, girdi maliyetlerini düşürür ve tekstil üretiminde sürdürülebilirliği artırır; su, ana ve yardımcı kimyasallar, enerji ve zaman tasarrufu sağlar. Bu çalışmada, azo bileşiklerinin kimyasal yapıları, sentez aşamaları, özellikleri ve kullanım alanlarına ilişkin bir genel bakış sunulmuştur. Tekstilde yaygın kullanımının temelini oluşturan kromofor özelliklere, rengi belirleyen yapısal faktörlere ve antibakteriyel etkinlikten sorumlu mekanizmalara özellikle vurgu yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca, tekstil malzemelerine yalnızca boyama yoluyla ek bitim işlemlerine gerek kalmaksızın antibakteriyel işlev kazandırabilen antibakteriyel azo boyalar üzerine seçilmiş çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Azo antibakteriyel tekstil boya.

References

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  • Al-Joboury, W.M.R., Al-Badrany, K.A., Asli, N.J. (2021). Synthesis of new azo dye compounds derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and study their biological activity. Materialstoday: Proceedings, 47 (17), 5977–5982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.538
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  • Di Martino, M., Sessa, L., Di Matteo, M., Panunzi, B., Piotto, S., Concilio, S. (2022). Azobenzene as antimicrobial molecules. Molecules, 27(17), 5643. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175643v
  • Elkhabiry, S., Sharaf, A., Sadek M.E., Elasasy M E.A., El-Sayed A.A., Mousa A. (2024). Azo disperse dyes based on citrazinic acid: synthesis, antibacterial activity and printing application in silk and polyamide-6 fabrics. Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-06-2024-0061
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  • Jarrahpour, A.A., Motamedifar, M., Pakshir, K., Hadi, N., Zarei, M. (2004). Synthesis of novel azo Schiff bases and their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Molecules, 9(10), 815-824. https://doi.org/10.3390/91000815
  • Josset, S., Keller, N., Lett, M.C., Ledoux, M.J., Keller, V. (2008). Numeration methods for targeting photoactive materials in the UV-A photocatalytic removal of microorganisms. Chemical Society Reviews, 37, 744–755. https://doi.org/10.1039/B711748P
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Antibacterial Azo Compounds Used in Coloration of Textile Material

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 452 - 475, 30.06.2025

Pinar Saral Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1588729

Abstract

Azo compounds that contain at least one azo group (-N=N-) in their chemical structure, are colorful organic compounds. Azo compounds have long been utilized as vibrant colorants in different applications, such as textiles, paints, coatings, printing inks, and plastics. Meanwhile, new studies are now being carried out with growing interest in diverse fields- including medicine, analytical chemistry, coordination and complex chemistry, dye-making chemistry, and the development of organic reagents. A wide variety of azo compounds can be synthesized by diversifying the starting materials used in the diazotization and coupling steps and by combining them with different substituents and metal ions. A broad range of antibacterial textile dyes can be produced rapidly by combining various components, and antibacterial technical-textile products can be obtained in a single step through dyeing alone. Reducing the number of finishing stages lowers input costs and enhances sustainability in textile manufacturing, delivering savings in water, primary and auxiliary chemicals, energy, and time. An overview of the chemical structures, synthesis steps, properties, and applications of azo compounds has been provided in this study. Particular emphasis is given to the chromophoric features that underpin their widespread use in textiles, the structural factors governing color, and the mechanisms responsible for antibacterial activity. In addition, selected studies on antibacterial azo dyes - capable of endowing textile materials with antibacterial functionality through dyeing alone, without additional finishing processes have been reviewed.

Keywords

Azo antibacterial textile dye

References

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  • Abdüloğlu, Y. (2018). Diazo Grup İçeren İletken Polimerlerin Elektrokimyasal ve Elektrokromik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Addnan, L. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of new azo dye (1-(4-sulfonyl phenyl azo)-2-(7-chloro-4-[{4-(diethyl amino)-1-methyl butyl} amino]quindine from chloroquine diphosphate and study antibacterial activity. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,15(1), 271-277.
  • Akaydın, M. ve Kalkancı, M. (2014). Hastane giysisi olarak kullanılan kumaşların antibakteriyel özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 9(1), 20-34.
  • Aljamali, N.M. and Hassen, H.S. (2021). Review on azo-compounds and their applications. Journal of Catalyst and Catalysis, 8(2), 8-16.
  • Al-Joboury, W.M.R., Al-Badrany, K.A., Asli, N.J. (2021). Synthesis of new azo dye compounds derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and study their biological activity. Materialstoday: Proceedings, 47 (17), 5977–5982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.538
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  • Berrie, B.H., Lomax, S.Q. (1997). Azo pigments: their history, synthesis, properties, and use in artists’ materials, Studies in the History of Art, 57, 8–53. (Monograph series II, conservation research 1996/1997, Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art).
  • Bujak, K., Orlikowska, H., Małecki, J.G., Schab-Balcerzak, E., Bartkiewicz, S., Bogucki, J., Sobolewska, A., Konieczkowska, J. (2019). Fast dark cis-trans isomerization of azopyridine derivatives in comparison to their azobenzene analogues: Experimental and computational study. Dyes and Pigments, 160, 654-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.09.006
  • Christie, R.M. (2001). Colour Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85404-573-2, UK.
  • Cojocariu, C., Rochon, P. (2004). Light-induced motions in azobenzene containing polymers. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 76 (7–8), 1479–1497.
  • Di Martino, M., Sessa, L., Di Matteo, M., Panunzi, B., Piotto, S., Concilio, S. (2022). Azobenzene as antimicrobial molecules. Molecules, 27(17), 5643. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175643v
  • Elkhabiry, S., Sharaf, A., Sadek M.E., Elasasy M E.A., El-Sayed A.A., Mousa A. (2024). Azo disperse dyes based on citrazinic acid: synthesis, antibacterial activity and printing application in silk and polyamide-6 fabrics. Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-06-2024-0061
  • Gaffer, H.E., Gouda, M., Abdel-Latif, E. (2012). Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics treated with sulfadimidine azo dye/chitosan colloid. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 42(4), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083712441959
  • Hamid, H.M., Zeinab, N.M., Istabraq, M.A. (2011). Synthesis and studies the biological activity of new azo compounds. Journal of Kerbala University, 9(3), 75 -83.
  • Hunger, K. (2003). Industrial Dyes: Chemistry, Properties, Applications, Wiley-VCH, ISBN: 3-527-30426-6, Germany.
  • İçoğlu, H.İ. (2006). Pamuklu Dokunmuş Kumaşların Reaktif Boyarmaddelerle Boyanması ve Uygulama Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Imtiazuddin, S.M., Tiki, A. (2020). Textile azo dyes; significance, ecological, health, and safety issues. Pakistan Journal of Chemistry, 10(1–4), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.15228/2020.v10.i01-4.p05
  • Jarrahpour, A.A., Motamedifar, M., Pakshir, K., Hadi, N., Zarei, M. (2004). Synthesis of novel azo Schiff bases and their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Molecules, 9(10), 815-824. https://doi.org/10.3390/91000815
  • Josset, S., Keller, N., Lett, M.C., Ledoux, M.J., Keller, V. (2008). Numeration methods for targeting photoactive materials in the UV-A photocatalytic removal of microorganisms. Chemical Society Reviews, 37, 744–755. https://doi.org/10.1039/B711748P
  • Kareem, A.F, Thejeel, K.A., Ismael, H.I. (2022). Review, analyses of azo dyes’ synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 12, 14–20.
  • Khajeh Mehrizi, M., Mortazavi, S.M., Abedi, D. (2009). The antimicrobial characteristic study of acrylic fiber treated with metal salts and direct dyes. Fibers and Polymers, 10(5), 601-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0601-z
  • Koçak, G. (2011). Bacillus Subtilis ile Reaktif Black 5 Boyarmaddesinin Renk Giderim Kinetiğinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Kofie, W., Dzidzoramengor, C., Adosraku, K. R. (2014). Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of azo dyes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(4), 398-401.
  • Landage, S.M., Wasif, A.I. (2012). Nanosilver – An effective antimicrobial agent for finishing of textiles. Internatinal Journal of Engineering Sciences and Emerging Technologies, 4 (1), 66-78.
  • Liu, S., Ma, J., Zhao, D. (2007). Synthesis and characterization of cationic monoazo dyes incorporating quaternary ammonium salts. Dyes and Pigments, 75, 255-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.05.004
  • Ma, M., Sun, Y., Sun, G. (2003). Antimicrobial cationic dyes: part 1: synthesis and characterization. Dyes and Pigments, 58, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(03)00025-1
  • Merino, E., Ribagorda, M. (2012). Control over molecular motion using the cis–trans photoisomerization of the azo group. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 8, 1071–1090. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.119
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Textile Finishing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Pinar Saral Özdemir 0000-0002-7503-4075

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 21, 2024
Acceptance Date June 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Saral Özdemir, P. (2025). Tekstil Materyallerinin Renklendirilmesinde Kullanılan Antibakteriyel Azo Bileşikleri. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1), 452-475. https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1588729
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