Abstract
Aim: The rates of obesity and physical inactivity are relatively high among women in Türkiye, increasing the need for physical activity programs. This study aimed to provide information for physical activity programs by gaining an in-depth understanding of the perspectives on physical activity of women with overweight and obesity.
Material and Methods: The research was based on a qualitative case study design and was conducted between June and July 2022 in Antalya, Türkiye. It used the purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods and included 20 women who were overweight or obese. Data were collected face-to-face using the individual in-depth interview method. This study used the qualitative data analysis method, and all data documentation, organization, and theming were performed using the Nvivo-10 software package.
Results: The participants’ mean age was 43.30 ± 10.22 years, and their mean body mass index was 35.57 ± 4.63 kg/m². Five major themes emerged: being healthy, types of physical activity, encouragement, unsatisfactory experiences, and preferences to increase physical activity.
Conclusion: All participants stated that protection and maintenance of health encouraged them to do physical activities. Most participants preferred walking and exercising at home as physical activity. Pain and tiredness, neglect, cultural aspects, and environmental restrictions were unsatisfactory physical activity experiences. It is believed that providing education on the negative experiences and demands of women with overweight and obesity regarding physical activity in primary health care services and encouraging them to do different types of physical activity is important for public health.
Keywords
References
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults. World Health Organization [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2022 May 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-overweight-among-adults-bmi-=-25-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-).
- Overweight and obesity causes and risk factors. National Hearth Lung and Blood Institute [Internet]. [Updated: 2022 March 24; Cited: 2023 April 14]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/causes.
- Benefits of physical activity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. [Updated: 2023 August 1; Cited 2022 March 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm.
- Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert N, Pryke R, Toplak H, et al. European practical and patient-centred guidelines for adult obesity management in primary care. Obes Facts. 2019; 12: 40-66.
- Castro EA, Carrac EV, Cupeiro R, López-Plaza B, Teixeira PJ, González-Lamuño D, et al. The effects of the type of exercise and physical activity on eating behavior and body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 557.
- Rodriguez J, Neyrinck AM, Kerckhoven M Van, Gianfrancesco MA, Renguet E, Bertrand L, et al. Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals. BMC Med. 2022; 20(1): 110.
- Kotarsky CJ, Johnson NR, Mahoney SJ, Mitchell SL, Schimek RL, Stastny SN, et al. Time-restricted eating and concurrent exercise training reduces fat mass and increases lean mass in overweight and obese adults. Physiol Rep. 2021; 9(10): e14868.
- Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Richardson MR, Williams BD, Rariden BS, Boltz AJ. Mode of physical activity participation by body mass index: 2015 behavioural risk factor surveillance system. Res Sports Med. 2018; 26(2): 147-57.
- Bastin A, Romain AJ, Marleau J, Baillot A. Health behaviours, intentions and barriers to change among obesity classes I, II and III. Clin Obes. 2019; 9(1): e12287.
- Haskell W, Lee I, Pate R, Powell K, Blair S, Franklin B, et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007; 39(8): 1423-34.
- Choi JW, Cho J, Shin NM, Tsoh J. Exploring barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among Korean American women. West J Nurs Res. 2021; 43(9): 817-27.
- Daniel M, Abendroth M, Erlen JA. Barriers and motives to PA in South Asian Indian immigrant women. West J Nurs Res. 2018; 40(9): 1339-56.
- Alissa NA. Cultural challenges to weight management: A qualitative study of Saudi women’s experiences. J Community Health Nurs. 2022; 39(1): 12-24.
- Choi JW, Fukuoka Y. Does having a buddy help women with young children increase physical activity? Lessons learned from a pilot study. Women Health. 2019; 59(2): 115-31.
- World Health Organization. World Health Organization European regional obesity report 2022. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2022.
- Health statistics yearbook 2019. Ministry of Health [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2021 April 20]. Available from: https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/TR,82338/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019-yayinlanmistir.html.
- Bradshaw C, Atkinson S, Doody O. Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2017; 4: 1-8.
- Bal H. Qualitative research methods and techniques (applied-exampled). 1st ed. Istanbul: Kayhan Printing; 2016.
- Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health. 2000; 23: 334-40.
- Standards for reporting qualitative research a synthesis of recommendations. Equator Network [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2022 January 10]. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2014/09000/Standards_for_Reporting_Qualitative_Research__A.21.aspx.
- Creswell J. Qualitative inquiry & research design. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2013.
- Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1985.
- McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: The kappa statistics. Biochemia Medica. 2012; 22(3): 276-82.
- Gunbayi I. Developing a qualitative research manuscript based on systematic curriculum and instructional development. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies. 2018; 3(3): 124-53.
- Vanden Bosch M, Wesley E, Strouse S. Perceptions of physical activity in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. West J Nurs Res. 2021; 43(7): 640-8.
- Huang Y, Ng OL, Ha ASC. A qualitative exploration of facilitators and barriers to physical activity participation among Chinese retired adults in Hong Kong. I Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(6): 3495.
- Owusu C, Antognoli E, Nock N, Hergenroeder P, Austin K, Bennet E, et al. Perspective of older African-American and Non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds toward physical activity: A qualitative study. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018; 9(3): 235-42.
- Burton NW, Barber BL, Khan A. A qualitative study of barriers and enablers of physical activity among female Emirati University students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(7): 3380.
- Taylor C, Bhavnani V, Zasada M, Ussher M, Bick D. Barriers and facilitators to uptake and retention of inner-city ethnically diverse women in a postnatal weight management intervention: A mixed-methods process evaluation within a feasibility trial in England. BMJ Open. 2020; 10(7): e034747.
- Lum KJ, Simpson EEA. The impact of physical activity on psychological well-being in women aged 45-55 years during the Covid pandemic: A mixed-methods investigation. Maturitas. 2021; 153: 19-25.
- Emir E, Kucuk-Kilic S, Gurbuz B, Oncu E. Leisurely participation of Turkish women’s: Constraints and facilitators. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022; 14(1): 69-78.
- Sanz-Remacha M, García-González L, Sevil Serrano J, Generelo Lanaspa E, Aibar Solana A. Barriers to physical activity in disadvantaged population: A qualitative comparison between Roma and Non-Roma women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2019; 90(4): 567-77.
- Higgerson J, Halliday E, Ortiz-Nunez A, Brown R, Barr B. Impact of free access to leisure facilities and community outreach on inequalities in physical activity: A quasi-experimental study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018; 72(3): 252-8.
Abstract
Amaç: Türkiye’de kadınlarda obezite ve yetersiz fiziksel aktivite oranı oldukça yüksek olup girişimsel programlara gereksinim artmıştır. Bu çalışma, aşırı kilolu ve obeziteli kadınların fiziksel aktivite hakkında görüşlerini derinlemesine anlayarak fiziksel aktivite programlarına bilgi sağlamayı amaçladı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nitel bir durum çalışması tasarımına dayandırılmış olan araştırma, Haziran ve Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında Antalya, Türkiye'de gerçekleştirildi. Amaçlı örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmaya fazla kilolu veya obezitesi olan 20 kadın dahil edildi. Veriler bireysel derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak yüz yüze toplandı. Bu çalışmada nitel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve tüm veri dokümantasyonu, organizasyonu ve temaları Nvivo-10 yazılım paketi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 43,30±10,22 olup, beden kitle indeksi ortalamaları 35,57±4,63 kg/m²’dir. Çalışmada beş ana tema ortaya çıktı: sağlıklı olmak, fiziksel aktivite tipleri, teşvik, memnuniyetsiz deneyimler ve fiziksel aktiviteyi artırmak için talepler.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların tamamı fiziksel aktivite yapmalarında teşvik gerekçesi olarak sağlığın korunması ve sürdürülmesini belirtmiştir. Çoğu katılımcı fiziksel aktivite olarak yürüyüş ve evde egzersiz yapmayı tercih etmektedir. Ağrı ve yorgunluk hissetme, ihmal, kültürel faktörler ve çevresel kısıtlamalar gibi faktörler fiziksel aktivite için memnun edici olmayan deneyimlerdendir. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde, fazla kilolu ve obez kadınların fiziksel aktiviteye ilişkin olumsuz deneyimleri ve talepleri göz önünde bulundurularak eğitim yapılmasının ve farklı fiziksel aktivite türlerine teşvik edilmesinin toplum sağlığı için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This study was approved by Akdeniz University Ethics Committee of 04/20/2022 and 70904504/284.
Thanks
The authors thank all the participants.
References
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults. World Health Organization [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2022 May 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-overweight-among-adults-bmi-=-25-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-).
- Overweight and obesity causes and risk factors. National Hearth Lung and Blood Institute [Internet]. [Updated: 2022 March 24; Cited: 2023 April 14]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/causes.
- Benefits of physical activity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. [Updated: 2023 August 1; Cited 2022 March 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm.
- Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert N, Pryke R, Toplak H, et al. European practical and patient-centred guidelines for adult obesity management in primary care. Obes Facts. 2019; 12: 40-66.
- Castro EA, Carrac EV, Cupeiro R, López-Plaza B, Teixeira PJ, González-Lamuño D, et al. The effects of the type of exercise and physical activity on eating behavior and body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 557.
- Rodriguez J, Neyrinck AM, Kerckhoven M Van, Gianfrancesco MA, Renguet E, Bertrand L, et al. Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals. BMC Med. 2022; 20(1): 110.
- Kotarsky CJ, Johnson NR, Mahoney SJ, Mitchell SL, Schimek RL, Stastny SN, et al. Time-restricted eating and concurrent exercise training reduces fat mass and increases lean mass in overweight and obese adults. Physiol Rep. 2021; 9(10): e14868.
- Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Richardson MR, Williams BD, Rariden BS, Boltz AJ. Mode of physical activity participation by body mass index: 2015 behavioural risk factor surveillance system. Res Sports Med. 2018; 26(2): 147-57.
- Bastin A, Romain AJ, Marleau J, Baillot A. Health behaviours, intentions and barriers to change among obesity classes I, II and III. Clin Obes. 2019; 9(1): e12287.
- Haskell W, Lee I, Pate R, Powell K, Blair S, Franklin B, et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007; 39(8): 1423-34.
- Choi JW, Cho J, Shin NM, Tsoh J. Exploring barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among Korean American women. West J Nurs Res. 2021; 43(9): 817-27.
- Daniel M, Abendroth M, Erlen JA. Barriers and motives to PA in South Asian Indian immigrant women. West J Nurs Res. 2018; 40(9): 1339-56.
- Alissa NA. Cultural challenges to weight management: A qualitative study of Saudi women’s experiences. J Community Health Nurs. 2022; 39(1): 12-24.
- Choi JW, Fukuoka Y. Does having a buddy help women with young children increase physical activity? Lessons learned from a pilot study. Women Health. 2019; 59(2): 115-31.
- World Health Organization. World Health Organization European regional obesity report 2022. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2022.
- Health statistics yearbook 2019. Ministry of Health [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2021 April 20]. Available from: https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/TR,82338/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019-yayinlanmistir.html.
- Bradshaw C, Atkinson S, Doody O. Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2017; 4: 1-8.
- Bal H. Qualitative research methods and techniques (applied-exampled). 1st ed. Istanbul: Kayhan Printing; 2016.
- Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health. 2000; 23: 334-40.
- Standards for reporting qualitative research a synthesis of recommendations. Equator Network [Internet]. [Updated: 2024; Cited: 2022 January 10]. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2014/09000/Standards_for_Reporting_Qualitative_Research__A.21.aspx.
- Creswell J. Qualitative inquiry & research design. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2013.
- Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1985.
- McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: The kappa statistics. Biochemia Medica. 2012; 22(3): 276-82.
- Gunbayi I. Developing a qualitative research manuscript based on systematic curriculum and instructional development. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies. 2018; 3(3): 124-53.
- Vanden Bosch M, Wesley E, Strouse S. Perceptions of physical activity in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. West J Nurs Res. 2021; 43(7): 640-8.
- Huang Y, Ng OL, Ha ASC. A qualitative exploration of facilitators and barriers to physical activity participation among Chinese retired adults in Hong Kong. I Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(6): 3495.
- Owusu C, Antognoli E, Nock N, Hergenroeder P, Austin K, Bennet E, et al. Perspective of older African-American and Non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds toward physical activity: A qualitative study. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018; 9(3): 235-42.
- Burton NW, Barber BL, Khan A. A qualitative study of barriers and enablers of physical activity among female Emirati University students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(7): 3380.
- Taylor C, Bhavnani V, Zasada M, Ussher M, Bick D. Barriers and facilitators to uptake and retention of inner-city ethnically diverse women in a postnatal weight management intervention: A mixed-methods process evaluation within a feasibility trial in England. BMJ Open. 2020; 10(7): e034747.
- Lum KJ, Simpson EEA. The impact of physical activity on psychological well-being in women aged 45-55 years during the Covid pandemic: A mixed-methods investigation. Maturitas. 2021; 153: 19-25.
- Emir E, Kucuk-Kilic S, Gurbuz B, Oncu E. Leisurely participation of Turkish women’s: Constraints and facilitators. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022; 14(1): 69-78.
- Sanz-Remacha M, García-González L, Sevil Serrano J, Generelo Lanaspa E, Aibar Solana A. Barriers to physical activity in disadvantaged population: A qualitative comparison between Roma and Non-Roma women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2019; 90(4): 567-77.
- Higgerson J, Halliday E, Ortiz-Nunez A, Brown R, Barr B. Impact of free access to leisure facilities and community outreach on inequalities in physical activity: A quasi-experimental study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018; 72(3): 252-8.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nursing (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 22, 2025 |
| Submission Date | March 11, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | January 19, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2 |
