Other
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 123 - 131, 30.06.2025
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is a very common craniofacial malformation in humans. Second molar agenesis is the most common condition after third molar agenesis. Second premolars play an important role in maintaining occlusion, and their absence may cause various problems. Various treatment alternatives are applied in the presence of retained deciduous second molars and congenital second premolar agenesis: Preservation and restorative treatment of the deciduous second molar, spontaneous space closure by extraction of the deciduous second molar before the eruption of the first molar, space closure with controlled slicing and hemisection of the deciduous second molar, orthodontic space closure following extraction of the deciduous second molar, autotransplantation, implant replacement, conventional fixed bridge and resinbonded bridge. It is critical to choose the treatment plan that will give the best results in the long term. During treatment planning, various factors such as the condition of the deciduous second molar, the age of the patient, the space requirement for correction of the malocclusion, the facial profile, the patient's treatment preference and the duration of treatment should be taken into consideration. In this review, treatment planning for second premolar agenesis will be analysed, focusing on various strategies to ensure optimal oral health and function.
References
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- Nieminen P. Genetic basis of tooth agenesis. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2009;312(4):320-42. google scholar
- Zheng J, Yu M, Liu H, Cai T, Feng H, Liu Y, et al. Novel MSX1 variants identified in families with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Int J Oral Sci 2021;13(1):2. google scholar
- Zhao Y, Ren J, Meng L, Hou Y, Liu C, Zhang G, et al. Characterization of novel MSX1 variants causally associated with non-syndromic oligodontia in Chinese families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024;12(1):e2334. google scholar
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- Bjerklin K, Bennett J. The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod 2000;22(3):245-55. google scholar
- Johal A, Huang Y, Toledano S. Hypodontia and its impact on a young person's quality of life, esthetics, and self-esteem. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022;161(2):220-7. google scholar
- Meade MJ, Dreyer CW. Tooth agenesis: An overview of diagnosis, aetiology and management. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2023;59:209-18. google scholar
- Haselden K, Hobkirk JA, Goodman JR, Jones SP, Hemmings KW. Root resorption in retained deciduous canine and molar teeth without permanent successors in patients with severe hypodontia. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001;11(3):171-8. google scholar
- Ith-Hansen K, Kjaer I. Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars. Eur J Orthod 2000;22(3):239-43. google scholar
- Dos Santos CCO, Melo DL, da Silva PP, Normando D. What is the survival rate of deciduous molars in cases with agenesis of premolar successors? A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2022;92(1):110-7. google scholar
- Ostler MS, Kokich VG. Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. J Prosthet Dent 1994;71(2):144-9. google scholar
- Evans RD, Briggs PF. Restoration of an infra-occluded primary molar with an indirect composite onlay: a case report and literature review. Dent Update 1996;23(2):52-4. google scholar
- Camilleri J, Pitt Ford TR. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a review of the constituents and biological properties of the material. Int Endod J 2006;39(10):747-54. google scholar
- De-Deus G, Petruccelli V, Gurgel-Filho E, Coutinho-Filho T. MTA versus Portland cement as repair material for furcal perforations: a laboratory study using a polymicrobial leakage model. Int Endod J 2006;39(4):293-8. google scholar
- Bezgin T, Ozgul BM, Arikan V, Sari S. Root canal filling in primary molars without successors: Mineral trioxide aggregate versus gutta-percha/AH-Plus. Aust Endod J 2016;42(2):73-81. google scholar
- Prestegaard H, Portenier I, Ørstavik D, Kayaoglu G, Haapasalo M, Endal U. Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72(8):970-6. google scholar
- Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment: part 2: tooth survival. Int Endod J 2011;44(7):610-25. google scholar
- Langer LJ, Finke C, Becker K. Die Hemisektion unterer zweiter Milchmolaren bei Unterzahl der zweiten Prämolaren-Geschichte, Anwendung und klinisches Vorgehen. Informationen aus Orthodontie & Kieferorthopädie 2024;56(04):233-6. google scholar
- Valencia R, Saadia M, Grinberg G. Controlled slicing in the management of congenitally missing second premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125(5):537-43. google scholar
- Jha P, Jha M. Management of congenitally missing second premolars in a growing child. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(2):187-90. google scholar
- Hvaring CL, Øgaard B, Stenvik A, Birkeland K. The prognosis of retained primary molars without successors: infraocclusion, root resorption and restorations in 111 patients. Eur J Orthod 2014;36(1):26-30. google scholar
- Kokich Jr VO. Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2002;121(6):594-5. google scholar
- Medio M, Popelut A, Molla MDLD. Management of mandibular second premolar agenesis. J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2015;18(1):105. google scholar
- Lindqvist B. Extraction of the deciduous second molar in hypodontia. Eur J Orthod 1980;2(3):173-81. google scholar
- Ferraresso LFdOT, Besegato JF, Maler GL, Takahashi R, Stábile GAV, Hoeppner MG. Tooth autotransplantation and resin composite reshaping as a multidisciplinary approach for treating dental agenesia: A 10‐year follow‐up. J Esthet Restor Dent 2025;37(2):307-13. google scholar
- Bilińska M, Burzykowski T, Plakwicz P, Zadurska M, Czochrowska EM. Availability of third molars as donor teeth for autotransplantation to replace congenitally absent second premolars in children and young adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023;13(11). google scholar
- Hermann NV, Lauridsen E, Ahrensburg SS, Gerds TA, Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing complications following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition: a longitudinal cohort study. Dent Traumatol 2012;28(5):394-402. google scholar
- Ok U, Yilmaz BS. Alternative treatment plan for congenitally missing teeth in an adolescent patient: A case report. J Am Dent Assoc 2019;150(8):707-13. google scholar
- Tsukiboshi M. Autotransplantation of teeth: requirements for predictable success. Dent Traumatol 2002;18(4):157-80. google scholar
- Mine K, Kanno Z, Muramoto T, Soma K. Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: an experimental study in rats. Angle Orthod 2005;75(4):637-44. google scholar
- Bae JH, Choi YH, Cho BH, Kim YK, Kim SG. Autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation: a case series. J Endod 2010;36(8):1422-6. google scholar
- Pjetursson BE, Tan WC, Tan K, Brägger U, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of resin-bonded bridges after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008;19(2):131-41. google scholar
- Fudalej P, Kokich VG, Leroux B. Determining the cessation of vertical growth of the craniofacial structures to facilitate placement of single-tooth implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131(4 Suppl):S59-67. google scholar
- Higuchi K. Ortho-integration: the alliance between orthodontics and osseointegration. Orthodontic Application of Osseointegrated Implants 2000:1-20. google scholar
- Edelhoff D, Sorensen JA. Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for anterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87(5):503-9. google scholar
- Bjerklin K, Al-Najjar M, Kårestedt H, Andrén A. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars with retained primary molars: a longitudinal radiographic study of 99 subjects from 12 years of age to adulthood. Eur J Orthod 2008;30(3):254-61. google scholar
- Durey KA, Nixon PJ, Robinson S, Chan MF. Resin bonded bridges: techniques for success. Br Dent J 2011;211(3):113-8. google scholar
- Northway W. Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars. Angle Orthod 2004;74(6):792-9. google scholar
- Mamopoulou A, Hägg U, Schröder U, Hansen K. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars. Spontaneous space closure after extraction therapy: a 4-year follow-up. Eur J Orthod 1996;18(6):589-600. google scholar
- Josefsson E, Brattström V, Tegsjö U, Valerius-Olsson H. Treatment of lower second premolar agenesis by autotransplantation: four-year evaluation of eighty patients. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;57(2):111-5. google scholar
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 123 - 131, 30.06.2025
Abstract
Diş eksikliği, insanlarda çok yaygın görülen kraniyofasial malformasyondur. İkinci küçük azı eksikliği, üçüncü büyük azı dişi eksikliğinden sonra en sık karşılaşılan durumdur. İkinci küçük azı dişleri oklüzyonu sağlamada önemli bir rol oynamakta ve bu dişlerin eksikliği çeşitli sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Retine süt ikinci azı dişi varlığında ve konjenital ikinci küçük azı dişi eksikliğinde çeşitli tedavi alternatifleri uygulanmaktadır: Süt ikinci azı dişin korunması ve restoratif tedavisi, birinci azı dişin sürmesinden önce süt ikinci azı dişinin çekilmesi ile spontan boşluk kapatılması süt ikinci azı dişinin kontrollü kesimi ve hemiseksiyon ile boşluk kapatılması, süt ikinci azı dişinin çekimini takiben ortodontik olarak boşluğun kapatılması, ototransplantasyon, implant uygulaması, geleneksel sabit köprü uygulaması, rezin bağlı köprü uygulaması. Uzun vadede en iyi sonuçları verecek tedavi planının seçimi oldukça önemlidir. Tedavi planlaması sırasında süt ikinci azı dişinin durumu, hastanın yaşı, maloklüzyonun düzeltilmesi için yer gereksinimi, yüz profili, hastanın tedavi tercihi ve tedavi süresi gibi çeşitli faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu derlemede ikinci küçük azı dişi eksikliği ile ilgili tedavi planlamaları incelenerek optimal ağız sağlığı ve fonksiyonu sağlamak için uygulanan çeşitli stratejilere odaklanılmaktadır.
References
- Bural C, Oztas E, Ozturk S, Bayraktar G. Multidisciplinary treatment of non- syndromic oligodontia. Eur J Dent 2012;6(2):218-26. google scholar
- Al-Ani AH, Antoun JS, Thomson WM, Merriman TR, Farella M. Hypodontia: an update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management. Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:9378325. google scholar
- Nunn JH, Carter NE, Gillgrass TJ, Hobson RS, Jepson NJ, Meechan JG, et al. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: background and role of paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J 2003;194(5):245-51. google scholar
- Rakhshan V, Rakhshan H. Meta-analysis and systematic review of the number of non-syndromic congenitally missing permanent teeth per affected individual and its influencing factors. Eur J Orthod 2016;38(2):170-7. google scholar
- Oral N, Ayran Ş, Aslan Balci A, Özdoğan G, Karabiyikoğlu SE, Peker Öztürk H, et al. Retrospective evaluation of tooth agenesis in different regions of Turkey with panoramic radiography. Acta Stomatol Croat 2025;59(1):44-52. google scholar
- Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. A meta- analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32(3):217-26. google scholar
- Ravin JJ, Nielsen HG. A longitudinal radiographic study of the mineralization of 2nd premolars. Scand J Dent Res 1977;85(4):232-6. google scholar
- Robinson S, Chan MF. New teeth from old: treatment options for retained primary teeth. Br Dent J 2009;207(7):315-20. google scholar
- Mitsui SN, Yasue A, Masuda K, Watanabe K, Horiuchi S, Imoto I, et al. Novel PAX9 mutations cause non-syndromic tooth agenesis. J Dent Res 2014;93(3):245-9. google scholar
- Nieminen P. Genetic basis of tooth agenesis. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2009;312(4):320-42. google scholar
- Zheng J, Yu M, Liu H, Cai T, Feng H, Liu Y, et al. Novel MSX1 variants identified in families with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Int J Oral Sci 2021;13(1):2. google scholar
- Zhao Y, Ren J, Meng L, Hou Y, Liu C, Zhang G, et al. Characterization of novel MSX1 variants causally associated with non-syndromic oligodontia in Chinese families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024;12(1):e2334. google scholar
- de Aguiar PCS, Mesquita CM, Lerner FE, Borges LB, Rodrigues R, Vieira WA, et al. Association between agenesis of permanent teeth and other dental anomalies in nonsyndromic patients: Systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2025;173:106223. google scholar
- Bjerklin K, Bennett J. The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod 2000;22(3):245-55. google scholar
- Johal A, Huang Y, Toledano S. Hypodontia and its impact on a young person's quality of life, esthetics, and self-esteem. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022;161(2):220-7. google scholar
- Meade MJ, Dreyer CW. Tooth agenesis: An overview of diagnosis, aetiology and management. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2023;59:209-18. google scholar
- Haselden K, Hobkirk JA, Goodman JR, Jones SP, Hemmings KW. Root resorption in retained deciduous canine and molar teeth without permanent successors in patients with severe hypodontia. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001;11(3):171-8. google scholar
- Ith-Hansen K, Kjaer I. Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars. Eur J Orthod 2000;22(3):239-43. google scholar
- Dos Santos CCO, Melo DL, da Silva PP, Normando D. What is the survival rate of deciduous molars in cases with agenesis of premolar successors? A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2022;92(1):110-7. google scholar
- Ostler MS, Kokich VG. Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. J Prosthet Dent 1994;71(2):144-9. google scholar
- Evans RD, Briggs PF. Restoration of an infra-occluded primary molar with an indirect composite onlay: a case report and literature review. Dent Update 1996;23(2):52-4. google scholar
- Camilleri J, Pitt Ford TR. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a review of the constituents and biological properties of the material. Int Endod J 2006;39(10):747-54. google scholar
- De-Deus G, Petruccelli V, Gurgel-Filho E, Coutinho-Filho T. MTA versus Portland cement as repair material for furcal perforations: a laboratory study using a polymicrobial leakage model. Int Endod J 2006;39(4):293-8. google scholar
- Bezgin T, Ozgul BM, Arikan V, Sari S. Root canal filling in primary molars without successors: Mineral trioxide aggregate versus gutta-percha/AH-Plus. Aust Endod J 2016;42(2):73-81. google scholar
- Prestegaard H, Portenier I, Ørstavik D, Kayaoglu G, Haapasalo M, Endal U. Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72(8):970-6. google scholar
- Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment: part 2: tooth survival. Int Endod J 2011;44(7):610-25. google scholar
- Langer LJ, Finke C, Becker K. Die Hemisektion unterer zweiter Milchmolaren bei Unterzahl der zweiten Prämolaren-Geschichte, Anwendung und klinisches Vorgehen. Informationen aus Orthodontie & Kieferorthopädie 2024;56(04):233-6. google scholar
- Valencia R, Saadia M, Grinberg G. Controlled slicing in the management of congenitally missing second premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125(5):537-43. google scholar
- Jha P, Jha M. Management of congenitally missing second premolars in a growing child. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(2):187-90. google scholar
- Hvaring CL, Øgaard B, Stenvik A, Birkeland K. The prognosis of retained primary molars without successors: infraocclusion, root resorption and restorations in 111 patients. Eur J Orthod 2014;36(1):26-30. google scholar
- Kokich Jr VO. Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2002;121(6):594-5. google scholar
- Medio M, Popelut A, Molla MDLD. Management of mandibular second premolar agenesis. J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2015;18(1):105. google scholar
- Lindqvist B. Extraction of the deciduous second molar in hypodontia. Eur J Orthod 1980;2(3):173-81. google scholar
- Ferraresso LFdOT, Besegato JF, Maler GL, Takahashi R, Stábile GAV, Hoeppner MG. Tooth autotransplantation and resin composite reshaping as a multidisciplinary approach for treating dental agenesia: A 10‐year follow‐up. J Esthet Restor Dent 2025;37(2):307-13. google scholar
- Bilińska M, Burzykowski T, Plakwicz P, Zadurska M, Czochrowska EM. Availability of third molars as donor teeth for autotransplantation to replace congenitally absent second premolars in children and young adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023;13(11). google scholar
- Hermann NV, Lauridsen E, Ahrensburg SS, Gerds TA, Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing complications following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition: a longitudinal cohort study. Dent Traumatol 2012;28(5):394-402. google scholar
- Ok U, Yilmaz BS. Alternative treatment plan for congenitally missing teeth in an adolescent patient: A case report. J Am Dent Assoc 2019;150(8):707-13. google scholar
- Tsukiboshi M. Autotransplantation of teeth: requirements for predictable success. Dent Traumatol 2002;18(4):157-80. google scholar
- Mine K, Kanno Z, Muramoto T, Soma K. Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: an experimental study in rats. Angle Orthod 2005;75(4):637-44. google scholar
- Bae JH, Choi YH, Cho BH, Kim YK, Kim SG. Autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation: a case series. J Endod 2010;36(8):1422-6. google scholar
- Pjetursson BE, Tan WC, Tan K, Brägger U, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of resin-bonded bridges after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008;19(2):131-41. google scholar
- Fudalej P, Kokich VG, Leroux B. Determining the cessation of vertical growth of the craniofacial structures to facilitate placement of single-tooth implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131(4 Suppl):S59-67. google scholar
- Higuchi K. Ortho-integration: the alliance between orthodontics and osseointegration. Orthodontic Application of Osseointegrated Implants 2000:1-20. google scholar
- Edelhoff D, Sorensen JA. Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for anterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87(5):503-9. google scholar
- Bjerklin K, Al-Najjar M, Kårestedt H, Andrén A. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars with retained primary molars: a longitudinal radiographic study of 99 subjects from 12 years of age to adulthood. Eur J Orthod 2008;30(3):254-61. google scholar
- Durey KA, Nixon PJ, Robinson S, Chan MF. Resin bonded bridges: techniques for success. Br Dent J 2011;211(3):113-8. google scholar
- Northway W. Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars. Angle Orthod 2004;74(6):792-9. google scholar
- Mamopoulou A, Hägg U, Schröder U, Hansen K. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars. Spontaneous space closure after extraction therapy: a 4-year follow-up. Eur J Orthod 1996;18(6):589-600. google scholar
- Josefsson E, Brattström V, Tegsjö U, Valerius-Olsson H. Treatment of lower second premolar agenesis by autotransplantation: four-year evaluation of eighty patients. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;57(2):111-5. google scholar
There are 49 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 9, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 17, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
