Review
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SAĞLIK POLİTİKALARININ TARİHSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE GELECEĞE YÖNELİK STRATEJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR: LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ

Year 2025, , 208 - 218, 30.07.2025

Canan Bulut , Dilek Kolca

https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1644871

Abstract

demografik ve teknolojik değişimlerin etkisiyle şekillenmiştir. Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi, refah devleti modelleri, neoliberal
sağlık reformları ve küresel sağlık girişimleri gibi kritik dönüm noktaları, sağlık politikalarının yönelimlerini belirlemede
önemli rol oynamıştır. Günümüzde ise dijital sağlık çözümleri, yapay zekâ entegrasyonu ve küresel pandemiler gibi dinamikler,
sağlık politikalarının gelecekte nasıl şekilleneceğine dair yeni tartışmalar doğurmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, sağlık politikalarının tarihsel dönüşümünü ve geleceğe yönelik stratejik yaklaşımlarını geleneksel bir derleme
yöntemiyle ele almaktadır. Sağlık politikalarının, kronolojik olarak incelenmesi ve her dönemde sağlık alanındaki önceliklerin
değişmesine bağlı olarak, politika yaklaşımlarının nasıl farklılaştığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Tarihsel olarak bulaşıcı hastalıklarla
mücadele ile başlayan sağlık politikalarının gelişimi, günümüzde dijital sağlık teknolojileri ve yapay zekâ tabanlı çözümlere
yöneldiği gözlemlenmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, gelecekte sağlık politikalarının sürdürülebilirlik, kapsayıcılık, teknoloji
entegrasyon ve kriz yönetimi gibi konular ile nasıl şekillendirilmesi gerektiği tartışılmaktadır.
Sonuç olarak, sağlık politikalarının daha kapsayıcı, dayanıklı ve teknolojik yeniliklere entegre edilebilir olması gerektiği
vurgulanarak, toplum sağlığının geliştirilmesi için bütüncül ve proaktif politika yaklaşımlarının önemi ortaya konulmaktadır.
Ayrıca elde edilen bulgular; politika yapıcılar, sağlık yöneticileri ve akademisyenler için yol gösterici bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Sağlık Politikası Sağlık Yönetimi Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişim Sürdürülebilir Sağlık Sistemleri

References

  • Behzadifar, M., Martini, M., Bakhtiari, A., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). The barriers to the full implementation of strategic purchasing and the role of health policy and decision-makers: past, current status, ethical aspects and future challenges. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 61(1), E119.
  • Birn, A. E., Pillay, Y., & Holtz, T. H. (2009). Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World. Oxford University Press.
  • Brown, T. M., Cueto, M., & Fee, E. (2006). The World Health Organization and the transition from “international” to “global” public health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(1), 62-72.
  • Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift?. Globalization and health, 11, 1-8.
  • Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: Ready for a paradigm shift? Globalization and Health, 11(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-015-0098-8.
  • Clarke, C. (2019). Strategic planning in healthcare. Textbook of medical administration and leadership, 31-46.
  • Cueto, M. (2004). The origins of primary health care and selective primary health care. American Journal of Public Health, 94(11), 1864-1874.
  • Diraoui, A. H. (2020). Strategic planning and its role in crisis management. A case study of the Amal Institute for Orphans in the Gaza Strip. Finance and Business Economies Review, 4(2), 118-142.
  • Fee, Elizabeth & Brown, Theodore M. (2005). The Public Health Act of 1848.. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83 (11), 866-867. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/269524.
  • Frenk, J., & Moon, S. (2013). Governance challenges in global health. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(10), 936-942.
  • Garrett, L. (2017). The challenge of global health. In Global Health (pp. 525-548). Routledge.
  • Gostin, L. O., & Sridhar, D. (2014). Global health and the law. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(18), 1732- 1740.
  • Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2020). Public health law: Power, duty, restraint. University of California Press.
  • Haines, A., & Ebi, K. (2019). The imperative for climate action to protect health. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1807873.
  • Haenssgen, M. J. (2024). Aligning global health policy and research with sustainable development: A strategic market approach. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 1876-1893.
  • Hall, J. J., & Taylor, R. (2003). Health for all beyond 2000: the demise of the Alma-Ata Declaration and primary health care in developing countries. Medical Journal of Australia, 178(1), 17-20.
  • Hamlin, C. (1998). Public health and social justice in the age of Chadwick: Britain, 1800-1854. Cambridge University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
  • Hogan, D. R., Stevens, G. A., Hosseinpoor, A. R., & Boerma, T. (2018). Monitoring universal health coverage within the sustainable development goals: Development and baseline data for an index of essential health services. The Lancet Global Health, 6(2), e152-e168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30472-2.
  • Jimenez, J., & Jacob, P. (2020). Strategic planning and management of healthcare in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 7(12), 5198.
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A., & Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(23), e82.
  • Kickbusch, I., Leung, G., Bhutta, Z. A., Matsoso, P., Ihekweazu, C., & Abbasi, K. (2020). Covid-19: How a virus is turning the world upside down. BMJ, 369, m1336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1336.
  • Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., ... & Pate, M. (2018). Highquality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: Time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1196-e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3.
  • Magnussen, L., Ehiri, J., & Jolly, P. (2004). Comprehensive versus selective primary health care: lessons for global health policy. Health Affairs, 23(3), 167-176.
  • Marmot, M., & Allen, J. (2014). Social determinants of health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(S4), S517-S519. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302200.
  • Mishra, R. (2005). Globalization and Welfare States. Welfare States and the Future, 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230554917_5.
  • Navarro, V. (2007). Neoliberalism, globalization, and inequalities: Consequences for health and quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 64(2), 335-345.
  • Porter, D. (2020). The history of public health and the modern state (Vol. 26). Brill.
  • Reeves, A., Basu, S., McKee, M., Marmot, M., & Stuckler, D. (2013). The political economy of austerity and healthcare: Cross-national analysis of expenditure changes in 27 European nations 1995–2011. Health Policy, 113(1-2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.09.005.
  • Rosen, G. (2015). A history of public health. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Rasouli, A., Ketabchi Khoonsari, M., Ashja Ardalan, S., Saraee, F., & Ahmadi, F. Z. (2020). The importance of strategic planning and management in health: A systematic review. Health Management & Information Science, 7(1), 1-9.
  • Schneider, S. (2015). Analysis of management practice strategic planning: A comprehensive approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 10(3).
  • Starfield, B. (1998). Primary care: balancing health needs, services, and technology. Oxford University Press. Thane, P. (2016). The foundations of the welfare state. Routledge.
  • United Nations Generaly Assembly (UNGA). (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
  • Wang, C. J., Ng, C. Y., & Brook, R. H. (2020). Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing. JAMA, 323(14), 1341-1342. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3151.
  • Werner, D., & Sanders, D. (1997). Questioning the solution. The Politics of Primary Health Care and Child Survival. Palo Alto CA.
  • Whitelaw, S., Mamas, M. A., Topol, E., & Van Spall, H. G. C. (2020). Applications of digital technology in COVID-19 pandemic planning and response. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), e435-e440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30142-4.
  • World Health Organization. (2018). World health report 2018: Primary health care—Now more than ever. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241563734.
  • World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (1978). Declaration of Alma-Ata. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/347879.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). The world health report 2008 : primary health care now more than ever. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/43949.
  • Zeynalli, A. (2019, November). Data-Driven Decision Making in Strategy Management of Enterprises. In Proceedings of The International Academic Conference on Management and Economics, Acavent.

THE HİSTORİCAL TRANSFORMATİON OF HEALTH POLİCİES AND STRATEGİC APPROACHES FOR THE FUTURE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Year 2025, , 208 - 218, 30.07.2025

Canan Bulut , Dilek Kolca

https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1644871

Abstract

economic, political, demographic, and technological changes. Critical turning points, such as the Industrial Revolution, welfare
state models, neoliberal health reforms, and global health initiatives, have played a significant role in determining the direction
of health policies. In the contemporary era, factors such as digital health solutions, artificial intelligence integration, and global
pandemics have introduced new debates on how health policies will be shaped in the future.
This study provides a traditional review of the historical transformation of health policies and explores strategic approaches for
the future. By examining health policies chronologically, the study highlights how policy approaches have evolved in response
to shifting health priorities in different periods. Historically, health policies have primarily focused on combating infectious
diseases; however, in recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on digital health technologies and artificial intelligencebased
solutions. Furthermore, the study discusses how future health policies should be structured around key themes such as
sustainability, inclusivity, technological integration, and crisis management.
In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity for health policies to be more inclusive, resilient, and adaptable to
technological innovations, emphasizing the importance of holistic and proactive policy approaches for improving public health.
Additionally, the findings provide a guiding framework for policymakers, health administrators, and academics in shaping
future health policies.

Keywords

Health Policy Health Management Access to Health Services Sustainable Health Systems

References

  • Behzadifar, M., Martini, M., Bakhtiari, A., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). The barriers to the full implementation of strategic purchasing and the role of health policy and decision-makers: past, current status, ethical aspects and future challenges. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 61(1), E119.
  • Birn, A. E., Pillay, Y., & Holtz, T. H. (2009). Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World. Oxford University Press.
  • Brown, T. M., Cueto, M., & Fee, E. (2006). The World Health Organization and the transition from “international” to “global” public health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(1), 62-72.
  • Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift?. Globalization and health, 11, 1-8.
  • Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: Ready for a paradigm shift? Globalization and Health, 11(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-015-0098-8.
  • Clarke, C. (2019). Strategic planning in healthcare. Textbook of medical administration and leadership, 31-46.
  • Cueto, M. (2004). The origins of primary health care and selective primary health care. American Journal of Public Health, 94(11), 1864-1874.
  • Diraoui, A. H. (2020). Strategic planning and its role in crisis management. A case study of the Amal Institute for Orphans in the Gaza Strip. Finance and Business Economies Review, 4(2), 118-142.
  • Fee, Elizabeth & Brown, Theodore M. (2005). The Public Health Act of 1848.. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83 (11), 866-867. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/269524.
  • Frenk, J., & Moon, S. (2013). Governance challenges in global health. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(10), 936-942.
  • Garrett, L. (2017). The challenge of global health. In Global Health (pp. 525-548). Routledge.
  • Gostin, L. O., & Sridhar, D. (2014). Global health and the law. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(18), 1732- 1740.
  • Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2020). Public health law: Power, duty, restraint. University of California Press.
  • Haines, A., & Ebi, K. (2019). The imperative for climate action to protect health. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1807873.
  • Haenssgen, M. J. (2024). Aligning global health policy and research with sustainable development: A strategic market approach. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 1876-1893.
  • Hall, J. J., & Taylor, R. (2003). Health for all beyond 2000: the demise of the Alma-Ata Declaration and primary health care in developing countries. Medical Journal of Australia, 178(1), 17-20.
  • Hamlin, C. (1998). Public health and social justice in the age of Chadwick: Britain, 1800-1854. Cambridge University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
  • Hogan, D. R., Stevens, G. A., Hosseinpoor, A. R., & Boerma, T. (2018). Monitoring universal health coverage within the sustainable development goals: Development and baseline data for an index of essential health services. The Lancet Global Health, 6(2), e152-e168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30472-2.
  • Jimenez, J., & Jacob, P. (2020). Strategic planning and management of healthcare in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 7(12), 5198.
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A., & Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(23), e82.
  • Kickbusch, I., Leung, G., Bhutta, Z. A., Matsoso, P., Ihekweazu, C., & Abbasi, K. (2020). Covid-19: How a virus is turning the world upside down. BMJ, 369, m1336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1336.
  • Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., ... & Pate, M. (2018). Highquality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: Time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1196-e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3.
  • Magnussen, L., Ehiri, J., & Jolly, P. (2004). Comprehensive versus selective primary health care: lessons for global health policy. Health Affairs, 23(3), 167-176.
  • Marmot, M., & Allen, J. (2014). Social determinants of health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(S4), S517-S519. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302200.
  • Mishra, R. (2005). Globalization and Welfare States. Welfare States and the Future, 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230554917_5.
  • Navarro, V. (2007). Neoliberalism, globalization, and inequalities: Consequences for health and quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 64(2), 335-345.
  • Porter, D. (2020). The history of public health and the modern state (Vol. 26). Brill.
  • Reeves, A., Basu, S., McKee, M., Marmot, M., & Stuckler, D. (2013). The political economy of austerity and healthcare: Cross-national analysis of expenditure changes in 27 European nations 1995–2011. Health Policy, 113(1-2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.09.005.
  • Rosen, G. (2015). A history of public health. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Rasouli, A., Ketabchi Khoonsari, M., Ashja Ardalan, S., Saraee, F., & Ahmadi, F. Z. (2020). The importance of strategic planning and management in health: A systematic review. Health Management & Information Science, 7(1), 1-9.
  • Schneider, S. (2015). Analysis of management practice strategic planning: A comprehensive approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 10(3).
  • Starfield, B. (1998). Primary care: balancing health needs, services, and technology. Oxford University Press. Thane, P. (2016). The foundations of the welfare state. Routledge.
  • United Nations Generaly Assembly (UNGA). (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
  • Wang, C. J., Ng, C. Y., & Brook, R. H. (2020). Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing. JAMA, 323(14), 1341-1342. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3151.
  • Werner, D., & Sanders, D. (1997). Questioning the solution. The Politics of Primary Health Care and Child Survival. Palo Alto CA.
  • Whitelaw, S., Mamas, M. A., Topol, E., & Van Spall, H. G. C. (2020). Applications of digital technology in COVID-19 pandemic planning and response. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), e435-e440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30142-4.
  • World Health Organization. (2018). World health report 2018: Primary health care—Now more than ever. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241563734.
  • World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (1978). Declaration of Alma-Ata. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/347879.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). The world health report 2008 : primary health care now more than ever. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/43949.
  • Zeynalli, A. (2019, November). Data-Driven Decision Making in Strategy Management of Enterprises. In Proceedings of The International Academic Conference on Management and Economics, Acavent.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration, Health Management, Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Canan Bulut 0000-0001-5092-5261

Dilek Kolca 0000-0001-6371-448X

Early Pub Date July 16, 2025
Publication Date July 30, 2025
Submission Date February 22, 2025
Acceptance Date March 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025

Cite

APA Bulut, C., & Kolca, D. (2025). SAĞLIK POLİTİKALARININ TARİHSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE GELECEĞE YÖNELİK STRATEJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR: LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ. Sağlık Ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 208-218. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1644871


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