ULUSLARARASI MAHKEME KARARLARININ ROLÜ VE ÖNEMİ: KARAYİP DENİZİNDE NİKARAGUA İLE HONDURAS ARASINDAKİ TOPRAK VE DENİZ UYUŞMAZLIĞI DAVASI (2007) ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Abstract
Bu çalışma, uluslararası hukukun uygulanmasında uluslararası mahkeme kararlarının rolünü ve önemini, 2007 yılında Karayip Denizi'nde Nikaragua ve Honduras Kara ve Deniz Anlaşmazlığı Davası'na odaklanarak incelemektedir. Çalışma, mahkeme kararlarının uluslararası hukukun ikincil (yardımcı) kaynakları olarak sınıflandırılmalarına rağmen mahkeme kararlarının nasıl önem kazandığını ve kimi zaman uluslararası antlaşmalar gibi birincil (asli) kaynaklardan üstün tutulduğunu ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı'nın (UAD) uluslararası mahkeme kararlarına diğer uluslararası hukuk kaynaklarından daha fazla öncelik verdiğini göstermektedir. Nikaragua/Honduras davasının analizi gerçekleştirilirken incelenen konuyla ilgili hukukun bir ifadesini ortaya çıkarmak ve içtihadın eleştirel bir kavramsal analizini birincil kaynaklar üzerinden değerlendirmeyi içeren doktrinel metot kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda UAD’ın, önceki mahkemeler tarafından verilen kararlara yaptıkları referansların sadece örf ve âdet hukuku kurallarına değil doğrudan yalnızca o davalara özgü alınmış kurallara da yapıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma, uluslararası mahkemelerin kararlarının uluslararası hukukun birincil kaynakları gibi bağlayıcı olmamasına rağmen, mahkemeler tarafından tutarlı bir şekilde uygulanmalarının istikrar ve hukuki güvenliği attırırken mahkemelerin esnekliğini azalttığı ve mahkeme kararlarının uluslararası hukukun kaynakları arasındaki yerinin yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varmaktadır.
Keywords
Uluslararası Hukukun Kaynakları Uluslararası Mahkeme Kararları 2007 Nikaragua/Honduras Davası
References
- Arıkan, A. (2022). Vergi Hukukunda Güvenlik İlkesi, Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi.
- Case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1962, p.6.
- Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1992, p. 240.
- Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Malta), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1985, p. 13.
- Cottier, T. (2015). Equitable Principles of Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Quest for Distributive Justice in International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Çaptuğ, M. (2021). Hukuki̇ Güvenli̇k i̇lkesi̇ni̇n Kavramsal Geli̇şi̇mi̇, Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, 17(1), 133-160.
- Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, Judgment (Canada v. United States of America), I.C.J. Reports 1984, p. 246.
- Fietta, S., & Cleverly, R. (2016). A Practitioner's Guide to Maritime Boundary Delimitation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada), Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1998, p. 432.
- Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 659.
- Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 554.
- Hillier, T. (1998). Sourcebook on Public International Law, London: Routledge-Cavendish.
- Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v. United States), Award, PCA Reports 1928, 1925-01.
- Jia, T. (2022). Reviews on the Application of Effectivités in 2012 Nicaragua and Colombia case, Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 7(1), 66-72.
- Kaya, Y.Ç. (2023). Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılmasında Adaların Rolü, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.
- Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening), Counter-Claims, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 303.
- Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras: Nicaragua intervening), Judgement, I.C.J. Reports 1992, p. 75.
- Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Denmark v. Norway), Judgement, P.C.I.J. Reports 1933, 53.
- Maritime Boundary Delimitation (Barbados v. Trinidad and Tobago), Award, P.C.A. Reports 2006, 2004-02.
- Maritime Boundary Delimitation (Guyana v. Surinam), Award, P.C.A. Reports 2007, 2004-04.
- Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2001, p. 40.
- Maritime Delimitation in the Area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Greenland), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1993, p. 38.
- North Sea Continental Shelf Case (Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), Judgement, I.C.J. Reports 1968, p.3.
- O'Keefe, R. (2011). Legal Title versus Effectivités: Prescription and the Promise and Problems of Private Law Analogies, International Community Law Review, 13(1), 147-188.
- Peters, A. (2012). Statehood after 1989: 'Effectivités' between Legality and Virtuality. içinde Crawford, J., & Nouwen, S., Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law,1-14, Hart Publishing.
- Shaw, M. N. (2021). International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sovereignty and Maritime Delimitation in the Red Sea (Eritrea v. Yemen), Award, P.C.A. Reports 1999, 1996-04.
- Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008, p. 12
- Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia v. Malaysia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 625.
- Talmon, S. (2015). Determining Customary International Law: The ICJ’s Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion, European Journal of International Law, 26(2), 417-443.
- Tanaka, Y. (2021). Predictability and Flexibility in the Law of Maritime Delimitation, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- The Anglo-French Continental Shelf Arbitration (United Kingdom v. France), Judgement, Ad hoc Arbitration 1978, p. 3.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COURT DECISIONS: AN EVALUATION OF TERRITORIAL AND MARITIME DISPUTE BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS (2007) IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA
Abstract
This study examines the role and importance of international judicial decisions in the application of international law, focusing on the case of the Nicaragua-Honduras Land and Maritime Disputes in the Caribbean Sea in 2007. The study aims to show how, despite the fact that judicial decisions are classified as secondary (subsidiary) sources of international law, they have gained importance and, in some cases, taken precedence over primary sources such as international treaties. The study shows that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) prioritizes international judicial decisions over other sources of international law. The analysis of the Honduras/Nicaragua case is based on the doctrinal method, which involves eliciting a statement of law on the subject under study and a critical conceptual analysis of case law through primary sources. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the references made by the ICJ to the decisions of previous courts are not only to the rules of customary law, but also to the rules directly adopted for those cases alone. The study concludes that although the decisions of international courts are not binding as primary sources of international law, their consistent application by the courts increases stability and legal certainty while reducing the flexibility of the courts, and that the place of judicial decisions among the sources of international law should be re-evaluated.
References
- Arıkan, A. (2022). Vergi Hukukunda Güvenlik İlkesi, Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi.
- Case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1962, p.6.
- Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1992, p. 240.
- Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Malta), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1985, p. 13.
- Cottier, T. (2015). Equitable Principles of Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Quest for Distributive Justice in International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Çaptuğ, M. (2021). Hukuki̇ Güvenli̇k i̇lkesi̇ni̇n Kavramsal Geli̇şi̇mi̇, Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, 17(1), 133-160.
- Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, Judgment (Canada v. United States of America), I.C.J. Reports 1984, p. 246.
- Fietta, S., & Cleverly, R. (2016). A Practitioner's Guide to Maritime Boundary Delimitation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada), Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1998, p. 432.
- Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 659.
- Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 554.
- Hillier, T. (1998). Sourcebook on Public International Law, London: Routledge-Cavendish.
- Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v. United States), Award, PCA Reports 1928, 1925-01.
- Jia, T. (2022). Reviews on the Application of Effectivités in 2012 Nicaragua and Colombia case, Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 7(1), 66-72.
- Kaya, Y.Ç. (2023). Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılmasında Adaların Rolü, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.
- Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening), Counter-Claims, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 303.
- Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras: Nicaragua intervening), Judgement, I.C.J. Reports 1992, p. 75.
- Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Denmark v. Norway), Judgement, P.C.I.J. Reports 1933, 53.
- Maritime Boundary Delimitation (Barbados v. Trinidad and Tobago), Award, P.C.A. Reports 2006, 2004-02.
- Maritime Boundary Delimitation (Guyana v. Surinam), Award, P.C.A. Reports 2007, 2004-04.
- Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2001, p. 40.
- Maritime Delimitation in the Area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Greenland), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1993, p. 38.
- North Sea Continental Shelf Case (Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), Judgement, I.C.J. Reports 1968, p.3.
- O'Keefe, R. (2011). Legal Title versus Effectivités: Prescription and the Promise and Problems of Private Law Analogies, International Community Law Review, 13(1), 147-188.
- Peters, A. (2012). Statehood after 1989: 'Effectivités' between Legality and Virtuality. içinde Crawford, J., & Nouwen, S., Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law,1-14, Hart Publishing.
- Shaw, M. N. (2021). International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sovereignty and Maritime Delimitation in the Red Sea (Eritrea v. Yemen), Award, P.C.A. Reports 1999, 1996-04.
- Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2008, p. 12
- Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia v. Malaysia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 625.
- Talmon, S. (2015). Determining Customary International Law: The ICJ’s Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion, European Journal of International Law, 26(2), 417-443.
- Tanaka, Y. (2021). Predictability and Flexibility in the Law of Maritime Delimitation, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- The Anglo-French Continental Shelf Arbitration (United Kingdom v. France), Judgement, Ad hoc Arbitration 1978, p. 3.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | International Law |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 26, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 15, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 6, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 29 |
