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DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS' EXPERIENCES

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 29, 200 - 220, 26.06.2025

Harika Suklun

Abstract

This qualitative phenomenological study investigates the lived experiences of academics who have completed or are currently undergoing mandatory service in Türkiye. The study draws on written responses from 12 participants representing a balance of gender and postgraduate education backgrounds, half having studied domestically and half internationally. To contextualize these experiences, four theoretical frameworks were applied: Job Demands–Resources, Organizational Support, Occupational Stress, and Social Identity Theory. Findings identify repetitive patterns of institutional disregard, emotional exhaustion, a sense of workload imbalance, and a sense of disconnection with professional identity. In comparison, the participants who graduated abroad indicated more difficulty in cultural and organizational adjustment, and gendered relations shaped perceptions of support, inclusion, and role definitions. The findings indicate that the mandatory service duties tend not to correspond to the recipients' academic preparations, generating stress and identity conflict that will prevent integration and psychological well-being at work. These findings highlight the need to rethink mandatory academic service programs in consideration of equity, psychological support, and responsiveness of institutions to the needs of the workforce. This study offers insights into workforce policy in higher education, with suggestions for institutions facing service obligations or decentralized academic placements.

Keywords

mandatory service occupational stress organizational support identity conflict job demands–resources

References

  • Abouelenein, Y. A. M. (2016). Training Needs for Faculty Members: Towards Achieving Quality of University Education in the Light of Technological Innovations. Educational Research and Reviews, v11 n13 p1180-1193.
  • Ackers, L. (2005). Moving people and knowledge: Scientific mobility in the European Union. International Migration, 43(5), 99–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00343.x
  • Akçiğit, U. (Aug 12, 2020). Türkiye’de Araştırmacıların Verimliliği. Retrieved from https://www.artnotlari.com/blog/turkiyede-arastirmacilarin-verimliligi.
  • Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 22 (3): 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115.
  • Bang, H., Lee, C., Won, D., Chiu, W., & Chen, L. (2023). Exploring Attitudes of Mandatory Volunteers: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Role Clarity, and Self-Efficacy Toward Service. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(2), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221093797.
  • Barkhuizen, N., Rothmann, S., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30(4), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2520.
  • Çelebi, N., Tatik, R. S., (2012). The evaluation of Faculty Development Programme (FDP) by the research assistants in the programme. Journal of Higher Education, 2012;2(3):127-136., doi:10.2399/yod.12.020.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2021). Öğretim Üyesi Yetiştirme Programına İlişkin Usul Ve Esaslar. Retrieved from https://oyp.yok.gov.tr/usul-ve-esaslar.
  • Creswell, C. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Cyr, A.-A., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2023). Organizational Social Relations and Social Embedding: A Pluralistic Review. Journal of Management, 49(1), 474-508. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221117120.
  • DeNeef, A. Leigh (2022). The Preparing Future Faculty Program: What Difference Does It Make? PFF Occasional Paper Series. Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, DC.; Council of Graduate Schools, Washington, DC. Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia, PA.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Ermiş Beyhan, Ö. (2023, Interview with Akçiğit). 12 bin akademisyen Türkiye’yi terk etti. Retrieved from https://www.dunya.com/ekonomi/12-bin-akademisyen-turkiyeyi-terk-etti-haberi-691182.
  • Gamson, Z. F., Finnegan, D. E., Youn T. I.K. (1990). Assessing Faculty Shortages in Comprehensive Universities. University of Massachusetts Boston. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nerche_pubs/2/.
  • García, M. (Aug 11, 2023). How Public Universities Can Tackle the Teacher Shortage. Retrieved from https://www.diverseeducation.com/opinion/article/15544091/how-public-universities-can-tackle-the-teacher-shortage.
  • General Directorate of Higher Education and Overseas Education. (2023). 2023 YLSY Başvuruları Başlamıştır. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/www/2023-ylsy-basvurulari-baslamistir/icerik/847.
  • Greenfield, N., M (16 March 2023). Academic freedom in decline in 22 countries worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230310142937133.
  • Grove, J. (2016). Turkey’s purge of academia leads to record asylum requests. Times Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/turkeys-purge-academia-leads-record-asylum-requests#.
  • Gupta, N., Diallo, K., & Zurn, P. (2011). Monitoring the status of health workers: An overview of data sources. Human Resources for Health, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-9-5
  • Harwood, J. (2020). Social Identity Theory. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0153.
  • Jonkers, K. (2010). A comparative study of return migration policies targeting the highly skilled in four major sending countries. Return Migration and Development Platform Working Paper. https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2010/wp2010-020.pdf
  • Kim, S. (2010). Cross-national comparisons of academic mobility: Retention of Asian scholars in the United States. Higher Education, 59(5), 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9278-3
  • Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2020). Presenteeism in academic employees: Occupational and individual factors. Occupational Medicine, 70(5), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa036
  • Kurtessis, J. N., et al. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554.
  • Kuzu, F. (2017). Yükseköğretim ve Yurt Dışı Eğitim Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_03/27135234_YLSY_Sunum-Fatih_KUZU.ppt.
  • Leka, S., Griffiths, A., & Cox, T. (2010). Work organization and stress: Systematic problem approaches for employers, managers and trade union representatives (Protecting Workers’ Health Series No. 3). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42651
  • Lozier, G. G. & Dooris, M. J. (n.d). Is higher Education Confronting Faculty Shortages? Institute of Higher Education Law and Governance, University of Houston. Retrieved from https://www.law.uh.edu/ihelg/monograph/88-4.pdf.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • Ministry of National Education. (2020). Senetler Hakkında Duyuru. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/www/senetler-hakkinda-duyuru/icerik/488.
  • Ministry of National Education. (2023). Sıkça Sorulan Sorular. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2023_04/14140717_YLSY_SYkca_Sorulan_Sorular.pdf.
  • Misra, J., Lundquist, J. H., Holmes, E., & Agiomavritis, S. (2012). The ivory ceiling of service work. Academe, 98(1), 22–26. https://www.aaup.org/article/ivory-ceiling-service-work
  • Morley, L. (2013). The rules of the game: Women and the leaderist turn in higher education. Gender and Education, 25(1), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2012.740888
  • Nguyen, H. T., Hallinger, P., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2017). Assessing and strengthening instructional leadership among primary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2015-0133
  • Pedró, F. (2023). Future labour shortages in higher education: a global challenge. UNESCO. Retrieved from https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/en/2023/10/04/future-labour-shortages-in-higher-education-a-global-challenge/.
  • Rahoo, S. A., Raza, S. A., Sindh, J., Arain, M. W., Memon, M. (2017). A Study on Occupational Stress Among Faculty Members in Private Institutes of Hyderabad. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)Vol.7, No.1, 20171A.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2022). Retrieved from ttps://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/05/20220526-5-1.pdf.
  • Rosser, V. J. (2004). Faculty Members' Intentions to Leave: A National Study on Their Worklife and Satisfaction. Research in Higher Education. Vol. 45, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 285-309 (25 pages).
  • Sen, C. (2018) Availability and shortages of teachers in higher education. In: India higher education report 2017: teaching, learning and quality in higher education. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. ISBN 9789352807161.
  • Shin, J. C., & Jung, J. (2014). Academics job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments. Higher Education, 67, 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9668-y
  • Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2004). African higher education: Challenges for the 21st century. Higher Education, 47, 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIGH.0000009822.49980.30
  • Tytherleigh, M. Y., Webb, C., Cooper, C. L., & Ricketts, C. (2005). Occupational stress in UK higher education institutions: A comparative study of all staff categories. Higher Education Research & Development, 24(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436052000318569
  • Van den Brink, M., & Benschop, Y. (2014). Gender in academic networking: The role of gatekeepers in professorial recruitment. Journal of Management Studies, 51(3), 460–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12060
  • Van den Brink, M., & Benschop, Y. (2014). Gender in academic networking: The role of gatekeepers in professorial recruitment. Journal of Management Studies, 51(3), 460–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12060

ZORUNLU HIZMETIN DINAMIKLERI: AKADEMISYENLERIN DENEYIMLERINE TEORIK VE PRATIK YAKLAŞIMLAR

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 29, 200 - 220, 26.06.2025

Harika Suklun

Abstract

Bu nitel fenomenolojik çalışma, Türkiye’de zorunlu hizmetini tamamlamış veya halen sürdürmekte olan 12 akademisyenin yaşam deneyimlerini, cinsiyet ve lisansüstü eğitim geçmişi (yurt içi ve yurt dışı) dengesi gözeterek incelemektedir. İş Talepleri–Kaynakları, Örgütsel Destek, Mesleki Stres ve Sosyal Kimlik Teorileri doğrultusunda yürütülen çalışmada, kurumsal ilgisizlik, duygusal tükenmişlik, iş yükü dengesizliği ve mesleki kimlikten kopma gibi örüntüler ortaya çıkmıştır. Yurt dışı mezunları kültürel ve örgütsel uyumda daha fazla zorluk yaşarken, cinsiyet ise destek ve aidiyet algılarını şekillendirmiştir. Bulgular, zorunlu hizmetin çoğu zaman akademik hazırlıkla örtüşmediğini; bu durumun strese ve kimlik çatışmasına yol açarak işyeri uyumunu ve psikolojik iyi oluşu olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, eşitlik, psikolojik destek ve kurumsal duyarlılık açısından zorunlu hizmet programlarının yeniden düzenlenmesi gereğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, devlet kaynaklı hizmet yükümlülükleri veya merkezi olmayan akademik yerleştirme sistemlerinde kurumsal uygulamaların iyileştirilmesine yönelik pratik öneriler sunarak, işgücü politikaları ve yükseköğretimde uyum tartışmalarına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

mandatory service occupational stress organizational support identity conflict job demands–resources

References

  • Abouelenein, Y. A. M. (2016). Training Needs for Faculty Members: Towards Achieving Quality of University Education in the Light of Technological Innovations. Educational Research and Reviews, v11 n13 p1180-1193.
  • Ackers, L. (2005). Moving people and knowledge: Scientific mobility in the European Union. International Migration, 43(5), 99–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00343.x
  • Akçiğit, U. (Aug 12, 2020). Türkiye’de Araştırmacıların Verimliliği. Retrieved from https://www.artnotlari.com/blog/turkiyede-arastirmacilarin-verimliligi.
  • Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 22 (3): 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115.
  • Bang, H., Lee, C., Won, D., Chiu, W., & Chen, L. (2023). Exploring Attitudes of Mandatory Volunteers: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Role Clarity, and Self-Efficacy Toward Service. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(2), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221093797.
  • Barkhuizen, N., Rothmann, S., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30(4), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2520.
  • Çelebi, N., Tatik, R. S., (2012). The evaluation of Faculty Development Programme (FDP) by the research assistants in the programme. Journal of Higher Education, 2012;2(3):127-136., doi:10.2399/yod.12.020.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2021). Öğretim Üyesi Yetiştirme Programına İlişkin Usul Ve Esaslar. Retrieved from https://oyp.yok.gov.tr/usul-ve-esaslar.
  • Creswell, C. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Cyr, A.-A., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2023). Organizational Social Relations and Social Embedding: A Pluralistic Review. Journal of Management, 49(1), 474-508. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221117120.
  • DeNeef, A. Leigh (2022). The Preparing Future Faculty Program: What Difference Does It Make? PFF Occasional Paper Series. Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, DC.; Council of Graduate Schools, Washington, DC. Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia, PA.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Ermiş Beyhan, Ö. (2023, Interview with Akçiğit). 12 bin akademisyen Türkiye’yi terk etti. Retrieved from https://www.dunya.com/ekonomi/12-bin-akademisyen-turkiyeyi-terk-etti-haberi-691182.
  • Gamson, Z. F., Finnegan, D. E., Youn T. I.K. (1990). Assessing Faculty Shortages in Comprehensive Universities. University of Massachusetts Boston. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nerche_pubs/2/.
  • García, M. (Aug 11, 2023). How Public Universities Can Tackle the Teacher Shortage. Retrieved from https://www.diverseeducation.com/opinion/article/15544091/how-public-universities-can-tackle-the-teacher-shortage.
  • General Directorate of Higher Education and Overseas Education. (2023). 2023 YLSY Başvuruları Başlamıştır. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/www/2023-ylsy-basvurulari-baslamistir/icerik/847.
  • Greenfield, N., M (16 March 2023). Academic freedom in decline in 22 countries worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230310142937133.
  • Grove, J. (2016). Turkey’s purge of academia leads to record asylum requests. Times Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/turkeys-purge-academia-leads-record-asylum-requests#.
  • Gupta, N., Diallo, K., & Zurn, P. (2011). Monitoring the status of health workers: An overview of data sources. Human Resources for Health, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-9-5
  • Harwood, J. (2020). Social Identity Theory. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0153.
  • Jonkers, K. (2010). A comparative study of return migration policies targeting the highly skilled in four major sending countries. Return Migration and Development Platform Working Paper. https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2010/wp2010-020.pdf
  • Kim, S. (2010). Cross-national comparisons of academic mobility: Retention of Asian scholars in the United States. Higher Education, 59(5), 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9278-3
  • Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2020). Presenteeism in academic employees: Occupational and individual factors. Occupational Medicine, 70(5), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa036
  • Kurtessis, J. N., et al. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554.
  • Kuzu, F. (2017). Yükseköğretim ve Yurt Dışı Eğitim Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_03/27135234_YLSY_Sunum-Fatih_KUZU.ppt.
  • Leka, S., Griffiths, A., & Cox, T. (2010). Work organization and stress: Systematic problem approaches for employers, managers and trade union representatives (Protecting Workers’ Health Series No. 3). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42651
  • Lozier, G. G. & Dooris, M. J. (n.d). Is higher Education Confronting Faculty Shortages? Institute of Higher Education Law and Governance, University of Houston. Retrieved from https://www.law.uh.edu/ihelg/monograph/88-4.pdf.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • Ministry of National Education. (2020). Senetler Hakkında Duyuru. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/www/senetler-hakkinda-duyuru/icerik/488.
  • Ministry of National Education. (2023). Sıkça Sorulan Sorular. Retrieved from https://yyegm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2023_04/14140717_YLSY_SYkca_Sorulan_Sorular.pdf.
  • Misra, J., Lundquist, J. H., Holmes, E., & Agiomavritis, S. (2012). The ivory ceiling of service work. Academe, 98(1), 22–26. https://www.aaup.org/article/ivory-ceiling-service-work
  • Morley, L. (2013). The rules of the game: Women and the leaderist turn in higher education. Gender and Education, 25(1), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2012.740888
  • Nguyen, H. T., Hallinger, P., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2017). Assessing and strengthening instructional leadership among primary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2015-0133
  • Pedró, F. (2023). Future labour shortages in higher education: a global challenge. UNESCO. Retrieved from https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/en/2023/10/04/future-labour-shortages-in-higher-education-a-global-challenge/.
  • Rahoo, S. A., Raza, S. A., Sindh, J., Arain, M. W., Memon, M. (2017). A Study on Occupational Stress Among Faculty Members in Private Institutes of Hyderabad. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)Vol.7, No.1, 20171A.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2022). Retrieved from ttps://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/05/20220526-5-1.pdf.
  • Rosser, V. J. (2004). Faculty Members' Intentions to Leave: A National Study on Their Worklife and Satisfaction. Research in Higher Education. Vol. 45, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 285-309 (25 pages).
  • Sen, C. (2018) Availability and shortages of teachers in higher education. In: India higher education report 2017: teaching, learning and quality in higher education. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. ISBN 9789352807161.
  • Shin, J. C., & Jung, J. (2014). Academics job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments. Higher Education, 67, 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9668-y
  • Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2004). African higher education: Challenges for the 21st century. Higher Education, 47, 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIGH.0000009822.49980.30
  • Tytherleigh, M. Y., Webb, C., Cooper, C. L., & Ricketts, C. (2005). Occupational stress in UK higher education institutions: A comparative study of all staff categories. Higher Education Research & Development, 24(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436052000318569
  • Van den Brink, M., & Benschop, Y. (2014). Gender in academic networking: The role of gatekeepers in professorial recruitment. Journal of Management Studies, 51(3), 460–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12060
  • Van den Brink, M., & Benschop, Y. (2014). Gender in academic networking: The role of gatekeepers in professorial recruitment. Journal of Management Studies, 51(3), 460–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12060
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Workplace Wellbeing and Quality of Working Life
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Harika Suklun 0000-0003-1016-268X

Publication Date June 26, 2025
Submission Date May 1, 2025
Acceptance Date June 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 29

Cite

APA Suklun, H. (2025). DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(29), 200-220.
AMA Suklun H. DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES. KTÜSBD. June 2025;15(29):200-220.
Chicago Suklun, Harika. “DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15, no. 29 (June 2025): 200-220.
EndNote Suklun H (June 1, 2025) DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15 29 200–220.
IEEE H. Suklun, “DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES”, KTÜSBD, vol. 15, no. 29, pp. 200–220, 2025.
ISNAD Suklun, Harika. “DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15/29 (June 2025), 200-220.
JAMA Suklun H. DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES. KTÜSBD. 2025;15:200–220.
MLA Suklun, Harika. “DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 29, 2025, pp. 200-2.
Vancouver Suklun H. DYNAMICS OF MANDATORY SERVICE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ACADEMICS’ EXPERIENCES. KTÜSBD. 2025;15(29):200-2.

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