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Malign Neoplasms of Gingiva and Alveolar Mucosa

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 172 - 177, 21.04.2025

Umut Yaprak , Ela Tules Kadiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1490723

Abstract

Clinicians encounter a variety of oral lesions that can originate from various etiologies, such as from infective, idiopathic, inflammatory, reactive, and neoplastic changes. Neoplastic changes are rare compared with other affecting conditions, however, the oral cavity is one of the areas where tumors and tumor-like lesions most commonly develop and include both non-odontogenic and odontogenic lesions. Diseases affecting the oral mucosa are diverse and cover a broad spectrum of benign or malignant lesions. To make an accurate diagnosis, a clinician must take a comprehensive clinical history and have adequate information about the signs and symptoms, such as location, size, color, and morphology of the oral mucosal lesion. This review aims to describe the clinical, radiographic, microscopic, and treatment aspects of malign neoplasms that might affect the gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

Keywords

malign lesions gingiva alveolar mucosa

References

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Gingiva ve Alveolar Mukozanın Malign Neoplazmları

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 172 - 177, 21.04.2025

Umut Yaprak , Ela Tules Kadiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1490723

Abstract

Klinisyenler, enfektif, idiyopatik, enflamatuar, reaktif ve neoplastik değişiklikler gibi çeşitli etiyolojilerden kaynaklanabilen çeşitli oral lezyonlarla karşılaşırlar. Neoplastik değişiklikler diğer etkileyen durumlarla karşılaştırıldığında nadirdir, ancak ağız boşluğu tümörlerin ve tümör benzeri lezyonların en sık geliştiği alanlardan biridir ve hem non-odontojenik hem de odontojenik lezyonları içerir. Ağız mukozasını etkileyen hastalıklar çok çeşitlidir ve benign veya malign lezyonlardan oluşan geniş bir spektrumu kapsar. Doğru bir tanı koymak için, klinisyen kapsamlı bir klinik öykü almalı ve oral mukozal lezyonun yeri, boyutu, rengi ve morfolojisi gibi belirti ve semptomlar hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, dişeti ve alveolar mukozayı etkileyebilecek malign neoplazmların klinik, radyografik, mikroskobik ve tedavi yönlerini tanımlamaktır.

Keywords

malign lezyonlar gingiva alveolar mukoza

References

  • 1. Schmidt CW. NTP nonneoplastic lesion atlas: a new tool for toxicologic pathology. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(3):A76-9. doi:10.1289/ehp.122-A76
  • 2. Vinay Kumar AKAJCA. Robbins Basic Pathology. In: Robbins Basic Pathology. 10th ed. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division; 2023:190.
  • 3. Jang SJ, Gardner JM, Ro JY. Diagnostic Approach and Prognostic Factors of Cancers. Adv Anat Pathol. 2011;18(2):165-172. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31820cb39e
  • 4. Fowler CB. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the periodontium. Periodontol 2000. 1999;21(1):33-83. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00168.x
  • 5. Fitzsimonds ZR, Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, Bagaitkar J, Lamont RJ. From Beyond the Pale to the Pale Riders: The Emerging Association of Bacteria with Oral Cancer. J Dent Res. 2020;99(6):604-612. doi:10.1177/0022034520907341
  • 6. Johnson NW, Jayasekara P, Amarasinghe AAHK. Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the oral cavity: epidemiology and aetiology. Periodontol 2000. 2011;57(1):19-37. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00401.x
  • 7. Melo BA de C, Vilar LG, Oliveira NR de, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;87(3):346-352. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.10.017
  • 8. Tsimplaki E, Argyri E, Xesfyngi D, Daskalopoulou D, Stravopodis DJ, Panotopoulou E. Prevalence and expression of human papillomavirus in 53 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2014;34(2):1021-1025.
  • 9. Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JBC de, Tavares AS, Luz PSR da, Santos TCRB dos. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single Oral Pathology service during an 8-year period. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2013;21(5):460-467. doi:10.1590/1679-775720130317
  • 10. Bugshan A, Farooq I. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis. F1000Res. 2020;9:229. doi:10.12688/f1000research.22941.1
  • 11. Al–Mahozi S, Salim Z, Malden NJ, Scully C, Lopes V. Tobacco habit-associated oral disease and the negative effects on surgical outcomes. Dent Update. 2017;44(11):1065-1070. doi:10.12968/denu.2017.44.11.1065
  • 12. Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, et al. Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7224. doi:10.3390/ijerph18147224
  • 13. Duray A, Descamps G, Decaestecker C, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA strongly correlates with a poorer prognosis in oral cavity carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2012;122(7):1558-1565. doi:10.1002/lary.23298
  • 14. Franzmann EJ, Reategui EP, Carraway KL, Hamilton KL, Weed DT, Goodwin WJ. Salivary Soluble CD44: A Potential Molecular Marker for Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2005;14(3):735-739. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0546
  • 15. Nagler R, Bahar G, Shpitzer T, Feinmesser R. Concomitant Analysis of Salivary Tumor Markers—A New Diagnostic Tool for Oral Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 2006;12(13):3979-3984. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2412
  • 16. Elashoff D, Zhou H, Reiss J, et al. Prevalidation of Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2012;21(4):664-672. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1093
  • 17. Imbesi Bellantoni M, Picciolo G, Pirrotta I, et al. Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Update of the Pharmacological Treatment. Biomedicines. 2023;11(4):1112. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041112
  • 18. Bernier J, Cooper JS, Pajak TF, et al. Defining risk levels in locally advanced head and neck cancers: A comparative analysis of concurrent postoperative radiation plus chemotherapy trials of the EORTC (#22931) and RTOG (# 9501). Head Neck. 2005;27(10):843-850. doi:10.1002/hed.20279
  • 19. Zidar N, Gale N, Kojc N, et al. Cadherin–catenin complex and transcription factor Snail-1 in spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Virchows Archiv. 2008;453(3):267-274. doi:10.1007/s00428-008-0649-y
  • 20. Ellis GL, Corio RL. Spindle cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1980;50(6):523-534. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(80)90436-3
  • 21. Oktay M, Kokenek-Unal TD, Ocal B, Saylam G, Korkmaz MH, Alper M. Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Rare Tumor in an Unusual Location. Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:1-6. doi:10.4061/2011/572381
  • 22. Chang NJ, Kao DS, Lee LY, et al. Sarcomatoid carcinoma in head and neck: a review of 30 years of experience--clinical outcomes and reconstructive results. Ann Plast Surg. 2013;71 Suppl 1:S1-7. doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000069
  • 23. Feng L, Cai D, Muhetaer A, et al. Spindle cell carcinoma: the general demographics, basic clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors. Oncotarget. 2017;8(26):43228-43236. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18017
  • 24. Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, et al. Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma exhibiting prominent neutrophil phagocytosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021;15(1):438. doi:10.1186/s13256-021-03066-z
  • 25. Santosh H, Nagaraj T, Saxena S, Biswas A, Pai S. Verrucous carcinoma: A clinicopathological study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2019;23(2):303. doi:10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_59_19
  • 26. Thompson LDR. Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ear Nose Throat J. 2021;100(5_suppl):540S-541S. doi:10.1177/0145561319871712
  • 27. Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, Arboleda LPA, Vargas PA, Lopes MA, Santos-Silva AR. Oral verrucous carcinoma manifesting as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Oral Oncol. 2021;116:105144. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105144
  • 28. Franklyn J, Janakiraman R, Tirkey AJ, Thankachan C, Muthusami J. Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: Ten Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. 2017;38(04):452-455. doi:10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_153_16
  • 29. Thompson LDR. Laryngeal Dysplasia, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Variants. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10(1):15-33. doi:10.1016/j.path.2016.10.003
  • 30. Rekha KP, Angadi P V. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity: a clinico-pathologic appraisal of 133 cases in Indians. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;14(4):211-218. doi:10.1007/s10006-010-0222-0
  • 31. Ashok S, Damera S, Ganesh S, Karri R. Oral malignant melanoma. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2020;24(4):82. doi:10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_5_19
  • 32. Zito PM, Brizuela M, Mazzoni T. Oral Melanoma.; 2023.
  • 33. Hashemi Pour M. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity: A review of literature. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2008;19(1):47. doi:10.4103/0970-9290.38932
  • 34. Astekar M, Choubey RR, Manjunatha BS, Gupta S. Oral malignant melanoma of alveolar ridge. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(5):e227456. doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227456
  • 35. Barker BF, Carpenter WM, Daniels TE, et al. Oral muscosal melanomas. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1997;83(6):672-679. doi:10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90318-8
  • 36. Lambertini M, Patrizi A, Fanti PA, et al. Oral melanoma and other pigmentations: when to biopsy? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2018;32(2):209-214. doi:10.1111/jdv.14574
  • 37. Gorsky M, Epstein JB. Head and neck and intra-oral soft tissue sarcomas. Oral Oncol. 1998;34(4):292-296.
  • 38. Patil G, Halawar S, Sagari S, Babannavar R, Purohit S. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring on mandibular gingiva in an adult. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(9):2088-2089. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/6008.3415
  • 39. Chi AC, Barnes JD, Budnick S, Agresta S V., Neville B. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Maxillary Gingiva. J Periodontol. 2007;78(9):1839-1845. doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060454
  • 40. Tandon A, Sethi K, Singh AP. Oral Rhabdomyosarcoma: A review. J Clin Exp Dent. Published online 2012:e302-308. doi:10.4317/jced.50926
  • 41. Gordón-Núñez MA, Piva MR, Dos Anjos ED, Freitas RA. Orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008;13(12):E765-9.
  • 42. Maha O, Amina K, Laila H, Maria EL K, Mohamed EL K, Mohamed K. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Tongue. Clinical Medical Image Library. 2019;5(3). doi:10.23937/2474-3682/1510135
  • 43. Fatahzadeh M, Schwartz RA. Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma: a review and update. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(6):666-672. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05758.x
  • 44. Thieringer FM, Cede J, Glatz K, Roehling S, Stoeckle M, Leiggener CS. Oral Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review on Treatment Management. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open. 2021;6:247275122110363. doi:10.1177/24727512211036328
  • 45. Oh JK, Weiderpass E. Infection and Cancer: Global Distribution and Burden of Diseases. Ann Glob Health. 2014;80(5):384. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.013
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Oral Medicine and Pathology, Periodontics
Journal Section Review
Authors

Umut Yaprak 0009-0008-7283-4836

Ela Tules Kadiroğlu 0000-0002-4129-0564

Publication Date April 21, 2025
Submission Date May 27, 2024
Acceptance Date September 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Yaprak U, Kadiroğlu ET. Gingiva ve Alveolar Mukozanın Malign Neoplazmları. Selcuk Dent J. 2025;12(1):172-7.
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