Abstract
Kitlesel kentsel müdahalelerin yaşlılıkta mahalle aidiyeti üzerinde olumsuz etkileri öne çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte yerinden edilme literatürüyle örtüşen bu durum çoğu Anglo-Amerikan bağlamına odaklanan çalışmalarda ortaya koyulmuş ve soylulaştırma literatürüyle desteklenmiştir. Dolayısıyla ilgili literatürün Batı dışı bağlama genişletilmesi literatürü zenginleştirecektir. Türkiye’de en yüksek yaşlı nüfus oranına sahip il olan İstanbul, özellikle devlet tarafından yönetilen ve yoksul gecekondu mahalleleri ile kent içi mahalleleri hedef alan kapsamlı bir yıkım ve yeniden yerleştirme sürecinden geçmektedir. Bu çalışma, nicel yöntemler kullanarak, müdahale türü (devlet öncülüğünde, piyasa öncülüğünde veya karma model) ile İstanbul’daki yaşlıların mahalle aidiyetleri arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktadır. Yapılan analize göre, öngörülenin aksine, devlet öncülüğündeki kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında mahalle aidiyeti azalma yönünde değişim göstermemiştir. Devlet öncülüğündeki kentsel dönüşümler kimi zaman yer değiştirmeyle sonuçlansa da konut konforu, güvenlik ve mahalle prestiji açısından bazı olumlu değişiklikler rapor edilmiştir ve bu da literatürde çok az dikkat edilen bir sonuç olarak mahalle aidiyeti üzerindeki beklenen olumsuz etkileri hafifletmektedir.
Keywords
Devlet öncülüğünde kentsel dönüşüm Mahalle aidiyeti Yerinden edilme Yer bağlılığı Yaş dostu kent Mekân duygusu
References
- Akalın, M. (2016). Kentsel dönüşümün karanlık yüzü: Soylulaştırma, yerinden edilme ve mekânsal dışlanma. Bartın Üniversitesi İİBFDergisi, 7(14), 287-320. google scholar
- Annear, M., Keeling, S., & Wilkinson, T. (2014). Participatory and evidence-based recommendations for urban redevelopment following natural disasters: Older adults as policy advisers. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(1), 43-49. google scholar
- Atkinson, R. (2000). Measuring gentrification and displacement in Greater London. Urban Studies, 37(1), 149-165. google scholar
- Bayraktar, O. F., & Bakır, N. Y. (2019). Türkiye’de ulaşılabilir konut çözümleri, Toplu Konut İdaresinin rolü. Artium, 7(1), 36-49. google scholar
- Buffel, T., & Phillipson, C. (2016). Can global cities be ‘age-friendly cities’? Urban development and ageing populations. Cities, 55, 94-100. google scholar
- Burns, V., Lavoie, J. P., & Rose, D. (2012). Revisiting the role of neighbourhood change in social exclusion and inclusion of older people. Journal of Ageing Research, 2012. google scholar
- Casakin, H., & Neikrug, S. (2012). Place identity in the neighborhood as perceived by the elder residents: Relations with attachment, dependence and place quality. In H. Casakin & F. Bernardo (Eds.), The role of place identity in the perception, understanding, and design of built environments (pp. 107-119). Bentham Science Publishers. google scholar
- Cin, M. M., & Egercioğlu, Y. (2016). A critical analysis of urban regeneration projects in Turkey: Displacement of Romani settlement case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 269-278. google scholar
- Coşkun, İ., Şentürk, M., Duman Bay, B., Güler, Z., & Otrar, M. (2019). Kentsel dönüşüm ve metropolde yaşlanmak: İstanbul örneği (TÜBİTAK ARDEB 1001 Projesi). google scholar
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- Emlak Kulisi. (2014). İstanbul’da riskli alan ilan edilen yerler. https://emlakkulisi.com/istanbulda-riskli-alan-ilan-edilen-yerler/224114 google scholar
- Fornara, F., Bonaiuto, M., & Bonnes, M. (2010). Cross-validation of abbreviated perceived residential environment quality (PREQ) and neighborhood attachment (NA) indicators. Environment and Behavior, 42(2), 171-196. google scholar
- Fu, D., & Jiang, M. (2024). Enhancing the sense of place: Insights from urban design practices in harbourside regeneration. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 39, 1627-1647. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10901-024-10138-1 google scholar
- Giuliani, M. V., & Feldman, R. (1993). Place attachment in a developmental and cultural context. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 267-274. google scholar
- Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281. google scholar
- Hayden, D. (1997). Urban landscape history: The sense of place and the politics of space. MIT Press. google scholar
- Insch, A., & Florek, M. (2008). A great place to live, work and play: Conceptualising place satisfaction in the case of a city’s residents. Journal of Place Management and Development, 1(2), 138-149. google scholar
- Kleinhans, R., Veldboer, L., Jansen, S., & van Ham, M. (2014). Ageing in a long-term regeneration neighbourhood: A disruptive experience or successful ageing in place? IZA Discussion Papers, 8660. http://ftp.iza.org/dp8660.pdf google scholar
- Lager, D., Van Hoven, B., & Huigen, P. P. (2013). Dealing with change in old age: Negotiating working-class belonging in a neighbourhood in the process of urban renewal in the Netherlands. Geoforum, 50, 54-61. google scholar
- Lewicka, L. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207-230. google scholar
- Lewis, C., Yarker, S., Hammond, M., Kavanagh, N., & Phillipson, C. (2022). “Ageing in place” and urban regeneration: Analysing the role of social infrastructure. Urban Planning, 7(4), 523-533. google scholar
- Lomas, M. J., Ayodeji, E., & Brown, P. (2021). Experiences of place attachment and mental wellbeing in the context of urban regeneration. Health & Place, 70, 102604. google scholar
- Mehdipanah, R., Malmusi, D., Muntaner, C., & Borrell, C. (2013). An evaluation of an urban renewal program and its effects on neighborhood resident’s overall wellbeing using concept mapping. Health & Place, 23, 9-17. google scholar
- Michael, Y. L., Green, M. K., & Farquhar, S. A. (2006). Neighborhood design and active aging. Health & Place, 12, 734-740. google scholar
- Ng, S. H., Kam, P. K., & Pong, R. W. (2005). People living in ageing buildings: Their quality of life and sense of belonging. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(3), 347-360. google scholar
- Phillips, D. R., Siu, O., Yeh, A. G. O., & Cheng, K. H. C. (2005). The impacts of dwelling conditions on older persons’ psychological well-being in Hong Kong: The mediating role of residential satisfaction. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2785-2797. google scholar
- Phillipson, C. (2010). Ageing and urban society: Growing old in the “century of the city”. In D. Dannefer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social gerontology (pp. 597-606). Sage. google scholar
- Qian, J., & Zhu, H. (2014). Chinese urban migrants’ sense of place: Emotional attachment, identity formation, and place dependence in the city and community of Guangzhou. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55 (1), 81-101. google scholar
- Rubinstein, R. I., & Parmelee, P. A. (1992). Attachment to place and the representation of the life course by the elderly. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment (pp. 139-163). Springer US. google scholar
- Sha, R. (2023). The impact of social infrastructure planning on the mobility of inclusive theoretical model of aging in the context of urban renewal. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 163, p. 04013). EDP Sciences. google scholar
- Shamsuddin, S., & Ujang, N. (2008). Making places: The role of attachment in creating the sense of place for traditional streets in Malaysia. Habitat International, 32(3), 399-409. google scholar Slater, T. (2009). Missing Marcuse: On gentrification and displacement. City, 13(2-3), 292-311. google scholar
- Sun, Y., Fang, Y., Yung, E. H., Chao, T. Y. S., & Chan, E. H. (2020). Investigating the links between environment and older people’s place attachment in densely populated urban areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 203, 103897. google scholar
- Temelova, J., & Dvorakova, N. (2012). Residential satisfaction of elderly in the city centre: The case of revitalizing neighbourhoods in Prague. Cities, 29, 310-317. google scholar
- Temelova, J., & Slezakova, A. (2014). The changing environment and neighbourhood satisfaction in socialist high-rise panel housing estates: The time-comparative perceptions of elderly residents in Prague. Cities, 37, 82-91. google scholar
- Torres, S. (2020). “For a younger crowd”: Place, belonging, and exclusion among older adults facing neighborhood change. Qualitative Sociology, 43(1), 1-20. google scholar
- Türkün, A. (2014). Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları. In Yerel Yönetimler Kentleşme ve Demokrasi Sempozyumu (pp. 54-60). TMMOB Mimarlar Odası. google scholar
- Ujang, N. (2012). Place attachment and continuity of urban place identity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 49, 156-167. google scholar
- Wang, S., Esther, H. K. Y., Yu, Y., & Tsou, J. Y. (2022). Right to the city and community facility planning for elderly: The case of urban renewal district in Hong Kong. Land Use Policy, 114, 105978. google scholar
- Yılmaz, E. (2016). Konut sorunu ve toplu konut üretiminde TOKİ’nin ve belediyelerin rolü. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(7), 31-50. google scholar
- Yung, E. H. K., Conejos, S., & Chan, E. H. W. (2015). Social needs of the elderly and active aging in public open spaces in urban renewal. Cities, 52, 114-122. google scholar
- Zeybekoğlu Sadri, S. (2013). Kentsel dönüşüm ve kentte insan hakları. A. Alkan, D. Bezmez, E. Tuncer Gürkaş, H. Sadri, M. C. Yalçıntan, M. Ökmen & S. Zeybekoğlu Sadri (Ed.), Kentsel dönüşüm ve insan hakları içinde (pp. 2-16). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
The Relationship of Urban Transformation with Neighborhood Attachment in Istanbul: Types of Intervention and Older People
Abstract
Mass urban interventions have been highlighted to have negative effects on neighborhood attachment in old age. However, this situation has been revealed mostly in studies focusing on the Anglo-American context while overlapping the literature on displacement literature and being supported by the literature on gentrification. Therefore, extending related studies to non-Western contexts will enrich the literature. As an example, Istanbul is the city in Türkiye with the highest percentage of an older population and has been undergoing a comprehensive demolition and resettlement process, particularly state-led interventions targeting poorer slums and inner-city neighborhoods. This study uses quantitative methods to investigate the relationship between the type of intervention (state-led, market-led, or mixed model) and older people’s neighborhood attachment in Istanbul. According to the analysis, contrary to expectations, neighborhood attachment has not changed in the direction of decreasing in state-led urban regeneration practices. Although state-led urban regeneration interventions occasionally result in displacement, some positive changes have been reported in terms of housing comfort, safety, and neighborhood prestige, thus mitigating the expected negative effects on neighborhood attachment, which is an outcome that has received little attention in the literature.
Keywords
State-led urban regeneration Neighborhood attachment Displacement Place attachment Age-friendly city Sense of place
References
- Akalın, M. (2016). Kentsel dönüşümün karanlık yüzü: Soylulaştırma, yerinden edilme ve mekânsal dışlanma. Bartın Üniversitesi İİBFDergisi, 7(14), 287-320. google scholar
- Annear, M., Keeling, S., & Wilkinson, T. (2014). Participatory and evidence-based recommendations for urban redevelopment following natural disasters: Older adults as policy advisers. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(1), 43-49. google scholar
- Atkinson, R. (2000). Measuring gentrification and displacement in Greater London. Urban Studies, 37(1), 149-165. google scholar
- Bayraktar, O. F., & Bakır, N. Y. (2019). Türkiye’de ulaşılabilir konut çözümleri, Toplu Konut İdaresinin rolü. Artium, 7(1), 36-49. google scholar
- Buffel, T., & Phillipson, C. (2016). Can global cities be ‘age-friendly cities’? Urban development and ageing populations. Cities, 55, 94-100. google scholar
- Burns, V., Lavoie, J. P., & Rose, D. (2012). Revisiting the role of neighbourhood change in social exclusion and inclusion of older people. Journal of Ageing Research, 2012. google scholar
- Casakin, H., & Neikrug, S. (2012). Place identity in the neighborhood as perceived by the elder residents: Relations with attachment, dependence and place quality. In H. Casakin & F. Bernardo (Eds.), The role of place identity in the perception, understanding, and design of built environments (pp. 107-119). Bentham Science Publishers. google scholar
- Cin, M. M., & Egercioğlu, Y. (2016). A critical analysis of urban regeneration projects in Turkey: Displacement of Romani settlement case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 269-278. google scholar
- Coşkun, İ., Şentürk, M., Duman Bay, B., Güler, Z., & Otrar, M. (2019). Kentsel dönüşüm ve metropolde yaşlanmak: İstanbul örneği (TÜBİTAK ARDEB 1001 Projesi). google scholar
- Duman, B. (2015). Kentsel dönüşümde riskler ve beklentilere dair ilk tespitler: İstanbul’da bir saha çalışması. Megaron, 10(3), 410-422. google scholar
- Emlak Kulisi. (2014). İstanbul’da riskli alan ilan edilen yerler. https://emlakkulisi.com/istanbulda-riskli-alan-ilan-edilen-yerler/224114 google scholar
- Fornara, F., Bonaiuto, M., & Bonnes, M. (2010). Cross-validation of abbreviated perceived residential environment quality (PREQ) and neighborhood attachment (NA) indicators. Environment and Behavior, 42(2), 171-196. google scholar
- Fu, D., & Jiang, M. (2024). Enhancing the sense of place: Insights from urban design practices in harbourside regeneration. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 39, 1627-1647. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10901-024-10138-1 google scholar
- Giuliani, M. V., & Feldman, R. (1993). Place attachment in a developmental and cultural context. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 267-274. google scholar
- Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281. google scholar
- Hayden, D. (1997). Urban landscape history: The sense of place and the politics of space. MIT Press. google scholar
- Insch, A., & Florek, M. (2008). A great place to live, work and play: Conceptualising place satisfaction in the case of a city’s residents. Journal of Place Management and Development, 1(2), 138-149. google scholar
- Kleinhans, R., Veldboer, L., Jansen, S., & van Ham, M. (2014). Ageing in a long-term regeneration neighbourhood: A disruptive experience or successful ageing in place? IZA Discussion Papers, 8660. http://ftp.iza.org/dp8660.pdf google scholar
- Lager, D., Van Hoven, B., & Huigen, P. P. (2013). Dealing with change in old age: Negotiating working-class belonging in a neighbourhood in the process of urban renewal in the Netherlands. Geoforum, 50, 54-61. google scholar
- Lewicka, L. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207-230. google scholar
- Lewis, C., Yarker, S., Hammond, M., Kavanagh, N., & Phillipson, C. (2022). “Ageing in place” and urban regeneration: Analysing the role of social infrastructure. Urban Planning, 7(4), 523-533. google scholar
- Lomas, M. J., Ayodeji, E., & Brown, P. (2021). Experiences of place attachment and mental wellbeing in the context of urban regeneration. Health & Place, 70, 102604. google scholar
- Mehdipanah, R., Malmusi, D., Muntaner, C., & Borrell, C. (2013). An evaluation of an urban renewal program and its effects on neighborhood resident’s overall wellbeing using concept mapping. Health & Place, 23, 9-17. google scholar
- Michael, Y. L., Green, M. K., & Farquhar, S. A. (2006). Neighborhood design and active aging. Health & Place, 12, 734-740. google scholar
- Ng, S. H., Kam, P. K., & Pong, R. W. (2005). People living in ageing buildings: Their quality of life and sense of belonging. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(3), 347-360. google scholar
- Phillips, D. R., Siu, O., Yeh, A. G. O., & Cheng, K. H. C. (2005). The impacts of dwelling conditions on older persons’ psychological well-being in Hong Kong: The mediating role of residential satisfaction. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2785-2797. google scholar
- Phillipson, C. (2010). Ageing and urban society: Growing old in the “century of the city”. In D. Dannefer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social gerontology (pp. 597-606). Sage. google scholar
- Qian, J., & Zhu, H. (2014). Chinese urban migrants’ sense of place: Emotional attachment, identity formation, and place dependence in the city and community of Guangzhou. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55 (1), 81-101. google scholar
- Rubinstein, R. I., & Parmelee, P. A. (1992). Attachment to place and the representation of the life course by the elderly. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment (pp. 139-163). Springer US. google scholar
- Sha, R. (2023). The impact of social infrastructure planning on the mobility of inclusive theoretical model of aging in the context of urban renewal. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 163, p. 04013). EDP Sciences. google scholar
- Shamsuddin, S., & Ujang, N. (2008). Making places: The role of attachment in creating the sense of place for traditional streets in Malaysia. Habitat International, 32(3), 399-409. google scholar Slater, T. (2009). Missing Marcuse: On gentrification and displacement. City, 13(2-3), 292-311. google scholar
- Sun, Y., Fang, Y., Yung, E. H., Chao, T. Y. S., & Chan, E. H. (2020). Investigating the links between environment and older people’s place attachment in densely populated urban areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 203, 103897. google scholar
- Temelova, J., & Dvorakova, N. (2012). Residential satisfaction of elderly in the city centre: The case of revitalizing neighbourhoods in Prague. Cities, 29, 310-317. google scholar
- Temelova, J., & Slezakova, A. (2014). The changing environment and neighbourhood satisfaction in socialist high-rise panel housing estates: The time-comparative perceptions of elderly residents in Prague. Cities, 37, 82-91. google scholar
- Torres, S. (2020). “For a younger crowd”: Place, belonging, and exclusion among older adults facing neighborhood change. Qualitative Sociology, 43(1), 1-20. google scholar
- Türkün, A. (2014). Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları. In Yerel Yönetimler Kentleşme ve Demokrasi Sempozyumu (pp. 54-60). TMMOB Mimarlar Odası. google scholar
- Ujang, N. (2012). Place attachment and continuity of urban place identity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 49, 156-167. google scholar
- Wang, S., Esther, H. K. Y., Yu, Y., & Tsou, J. Y. (2022). Right to the city and community facility planning for elderly: The case of urban renewal district in Hong Kong. Land Use Policy, 114, 105978. google scholar
- Yılmaz, E. (2016). Konut sorunu ve toplu konut üretiminde TOKİ’nin ve belediyelerin rolü. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(7), 31-50. google scholar
- Yung, E. H. K., Conejos, S., & Chan, E. H. W. (2015). Social needs of the elderly and active aging in public open spaces in urban renewal. Cities, 52, 114-122. google scholar
- Zeybekoğlu Sadri, S. (2013). Kentsel dönüşüm ve kentte insan hakları. A. Alkan, D. Bezmez, E. Tuncer Gürkaş, H. Sadri, M. C. Yalçıntan, M. Ökmen & S. Zeybekoğlu Sadri (Ed.), Kentsel dönüşüm ve insan hakları içinde (pp. 2-16). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sociology of Aging |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 13, 2024 |
| Submission Date | June 4, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | August 23, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |
