Abstract
Sosyal medya çağında savaş tutsaklarının dijital olarak gösterime sokulma uygulaması önemli bir tartışma konusu oluşturmaktadır. Savaş tutsaklarının dijital yayınlarla kişiselleştirilmeleri onların bedensel zarara uğramalarına yol açabileceği gibi onurlarına da zarar verme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu durum savaş tutsaklarının sübjektif hakları ile enformasyona dayanan modern savaş yöntemlerinin örtüşmediğini göstermektedir. Savaş tutsaklarının tehlikeye maruz bırakılmasının ve onurlarının kırılmasının toplumun bilgilendirilmesi gerekçesi ile savunulması mümkün değildir. Savaş tutsaklarının teşhiri İnsancıl Hukukun ihlâli dışında insanlık dışı muamele olarak savaş suçu teşkil etmekte ve Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku sorumluluğuna da yol açabilmektedir. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Statüsü bedensel zarar vermemekle beraber nefret uyandıran sosyal değersizleştirmeye ve kişilik haklarını yok etmeye yol açan eylemlerin insanlık dışı muamele teşkil ettiğini, dolayısı ile savaş suçu oluşturabileceğini kabul etmektedir. Makale dijital yayınların İnsancıl Hukukta yol açtığı sorunlara ve bu bağlamda önerilen çözümlere ışık tutmaktadır.
Keywords
Savaş tutsakları savaş suçları dijital gösterim kamuoyunun merakından korunma insan onurunun zedelenmesi
Ethical Statement
Bu makale Etik Kurul iznine tabi değildir
References
- Berndt T, War Visions, (AbeBooks, Verlag Herbert von Halem 2005)
- Binder W, Abu Ghraikb und die Folgen, (Transcript Verlag 2013)
- Burri N, Bravery or Bravado?, (Brill/Nijhoff, 2015)
- Crawford E and Pert A, International Humanitarian Law, (2.bs Cambridge University Press 2022)
- Hentschel L, Bilderpolitik in Zeiten von Krieg und Terror, Medien, Macht und Geschlechterverhältnisse (1.bs b-books, 2008)
- Kant I, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, (Verlag J. F. Hartknoch, 1785)
- Koselleck R, Vergangene Zukunft: Zur Semantik geschichtlicher Zeiten, (Suhrkamp 1988)
- Luhmann N, Grundrechte als Institutionen, Schriften zum öffentlichen Recht, (6.bs, C.24 Duncker&Humblot, 2019)
- May L, After War Ends, A Philosophical Perspective, (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
- Östenberg I, Staging the World, (Oxford University Press, 2009)
- Rodley N and Pollard M, The Treatment of Prisoners under International Law, (3. bs. Oxford University Press,2011), s.128).
- Sassòli M, International Humanitarian Law, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare, (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019)
- Schmitt, M N, Tallinn manual 2.0 on the international law applicable to cyber operations, (Cambridge University Press, 1956)
- Steuter E and Wills D, At war with Metaphor, (Lexington Books, 2008)
- Stuke M, Der Rechtsstatus der Kriegsgefangenen im bewaffneten Konflikt, (Mohr-Siebeck, 2017).
- Erich Kussbach, ‘Die Würde der Griegsgefangenen und der im Zusammenhang mit dem bewaffneten Konflikt Verstorbenen’ in Dieter Fleck, Horst Fischer, Ulrike Froissart, Wolff Heintschel von Heinegge, Christian Raap (eds), Krisensicherung und Humanitärer Schutz, FS für Dieter Fleck (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag 2004)
- Eve La Haye and Heike Niebergall-Lackner, ‘Art.13, Humane Treatment of Prisoners’, in ICRC (ed.), Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
- Gerhard Paul, ‘Living Room War’, in Hermann Nöring, Thomas F. Schneider, Rolf Spilker (eds.), Bilderschlachten. 2000 Jahre Nachrichten aus dem Krieg (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009)
- Hans-Jürgen Weiss und Ansgar Koch, ‘Wie Kriegsereignisse zu Medienereignissen werden’, in Marion G. Müller, Thomas Knieper (eds.), War Visions (Herbert von Halem Verlag 2005)
- Heike Niebergall-Lackner, ‘Art.14’, in ICRC (ed.), Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
- Horst Fischer, ‘Protection of Prisoners of War’, in Dieter Fleck (ed.), Handbuch des Humanitarian Völkerrechts in bewaffneten Konflikten, (C.H.BECK, 1994)
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- Robert Frau, ‘§36, Rn.36’, in Knut Ipsen, (ed.), Völkerrecht (7.bs C.H.BECK, 2018)
- Robin Geiß und Adreas Zimmermann, ‘§8, VStGB’, in Volker Erb und Jürgen Schäfer (eds.), Münchener Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (4.bs, C.9, C.H.BECK, München, 2022),
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- Dörmann K and Colassis L, ‘International Humanitarian Law in the Iraq Conflict’ (2004) [47] GYIL 293
- Dürig G, ‘Der Grundrechtssatz von der Menschenwürde, Gehör bei Haftbefehl’ (1969) 27 [1-6] BVerfGE
- Fischer H, ‘Fernsehaufnahme von Kriegsgefangenen: vom Verstoß zum Kriegsverbrechen’ (2003) [244D] Bofaxe
- Gensing P und Siggelkow P, ‘Verstoss gegen Genfer Abkommen?’ (4.3.2022) ARD Tagesschau (Alman Televizyonu Haber Kanalı)
- Huguenin-Benjamin R. ‘Can Public Communacations Protect Victims?’ (2005) 87 [860] ICRC 661
- John T, ‘The Story of this Shocking Image from a Prison Camp in Bosnia Continues 25 Years Later’ (22.11.2017), TIME Magazine
- Mahnad R, ‘Shielding Prisoners of War from Public Curiosity’, (28.06.2022) ICRC Humanitarian Law&Policy Blog
- Rayner G, ‘We were deceived and used like meat shields’ (03.03.2022) The Telegraph.
- Reisman WM, ‘The View from the New Haven School of International Law’ (1992) 86 ASIL Proceedings 118
- Reuter TK, and Thürer D, ‘Kriegsberichterstattung und humanitäres Völkerrecht’ (2003) [2] Medialex 103
- Risius G and Meyer MA, ‘The Protection of Prisoners of War Against Insults and Public Curiosity’ (2010) 33 [295] IRRC 288
- Saxon D, ‘Covering Syria. Legal and Ethical Obligations of Journalists’, (2013) 2 [3] CJICL 411
- Skordas A, ‘Mass Media, Influence on International Relations’ (2012) MPEPIL, 16
- Waldron J, ‘How Law Protects Dignity’, (2012) 71 [1] CLJ 200
- Winter M, ‘Der völkerrechtliche Schutz Kriegsgefangener von Abbildungen ihrer Person in den Medien’ (2004) 42 [4] AVR 425
Abstract
In the age of social media, the practice of digitally displaying prisoners of war is a matter of significant debate. Personalizing prisoners of war with digital publications may cause them to suffer physical harm and may also harm their dignity. This situation shows that the subjective rights of prisoners of war do not coincide with modern war methods based on information. It is not possible to justify exposing prisoners of war to danger and degrading their dignity on the grounds of informing the public. The display of prisoners of war constitutes a war crime as inhumane treatment, apart from a violation of Humanitarian Law, and may also give rise to International Criminal Law liability. The Statute of the International Criminal Court recognizes that actions that do not cause bodily harm but lead to hateful social devaluation and destruction of personal rights constitute inhuman treatment and may therefore constitute war crimes. The article sheds light on the problems caused by digital publications in Humanitarian Law and the solutions proposed in this context.
Keywords
Prisoners of war war crimes digital display Protection from public curiosity damage to human dignity
Ethical Statement
This article is not subject to Ethics Committee permission.
References
- Berndt T, War Visions, (AbeBooks, Verlag Herbert von Halem 2005)
- Binder W, Abu Ghraikb und die Folgen, (Transcript Verlag 2013)
- Burri N, Bravery or Bravado?, (Brill/Nijhoff, 2015)
- Crawford E and Pert A, International Humanitarian Law, (2.bs Cambridge University Press 2022)
- Hentschel L, Bilderpolitik in Zeiten von Krieg und Terror, Medien, Macht und Geschlechterverhältnisse (1.bs b-books, 2008)
- Kant I, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, (Verlag J. F. Hartknoch, 1785)
- Koselleck R, Vergangene Zukunft: Zur Semantik geschichtlicher Zeiten, (Suhrkamp 1988)
- Luhmann N, Grundrechte als Institutionen, Schriften zum öffentlichen Recht, (6.bs, C.24 Duncker&Humblot, 2019)
- May L, After War Ends, A Philosophical Perspective, (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
- Östenberg I, Staging the World, (Oxford University Press, 2009)
- Rodley N and Pollard M, The Treatment of Prisoners under International Law, (3. bs. Oxford University Press,2011), s.128).
- Sassòli M, International Humanitarian Law, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare, (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019)
- Schmitt, M N, Tallinn manual 2.0 on the international law applicable to cyber operations, (Cambridge University Press, 1956)
- Steuter E and Wills D, At war with Metaphor, (Lexington Books, 2008)
- Stuke M, Der Rechtsstatus der Kriegsgefangenen im bewaffneten Konflikt, (Mohr-Siebeck, 2017).
- Erich Kussbach, ‘Die Würde der Griegsgefangenen und der im Zusammenhang mit dem bewaffneten Konflikt Verstorbenen’ in Dieter Fleck, Horst Fischer, Ulrike Froissart, Wolff Heintschel von Heinegge, Christian Raap (eds), Krisensicherung und Humanitärer Schutz, FS für Dieter Fleck (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag 2004)
- Eve La Haye and Heike Niebergall-Lackner, ‘Art.13, Humane Treatment of Prisoners’, in ICRC (ed.), Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
- Gerhard Paul, ‘Living Room War’, in Hermann Nöring, Thomas F. Schneider, Rolf Spilker (eds.), Bilderschlachten. 2000 Jahre Nachrichten aus dem Krieg (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009)
- Hans-Jürgen Weiss und Ansgar Koch, ‘Wie Kriegsereignisse zu Medienereignissen werden’, in Marion G. Müller, Thomas Knieper (eds.), War Visions (Herbert von Halem Verlag 2005)
- Heike Niebergall-Lackner, ‘Art.14’, in ICRC (ed.), Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
- Horst Fischer, ‘Protection of Prisoners of War’, in Dieter Fleck (ed.), Handbuch des Humanitarian Völkerrechts in bewaffneten Konflikten, (C.H.BECK, 1994)
- James Crawford, ‘Commentary’, in Clare Dyer (ed.), Film of PoWs within Geneva Rules, (The Guardian 28.03.2003).
- Julian Chifu, ‘Hybrid Warfare, Lawfar, Informational Warfare’ in Gregory Simons and Julian Chifu (eds.), The Changing Face of Warfare in the 21st Century, (Routledge, 2017)
- Jürgen Wilke, ‘Kriege als Medienereignis. Zur Geschichte seiner Vermittlung in der Neuzeit’, in Heinz-Peter Preußer (ed.), Krieg in Medien, (1.bs C.7 [57], Editions Rodopi, 2005)
- Knut Dörmann and Eve La Haye, ‘Art.130’, in ICRC (ed.), Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention, (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
- Robert Frau, ‘§36, Rn.36’, in Knut Ipsen, (ed.), Völkerrecht (7.bs C.H.BECK, 2018)
- Robin Geiß und Adreas Zimmermann, ‘§8, VStGB’, in Volker Erb und Jürgen Schäfer (eds.), Münchener Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (4.bs, C.9, C.H.BECK, München, 2022),
- UN Documents, ‘Situation of Human Rights in Ukraine in the Context of the Armed Attack by the Russian Federation’, in OHCHR (ed.), Country Reports (Ukraine), (20.06.2022)
- Dörmann K and Colassis L, ‘International Humanitarian Law in the Iraq Conflict’ (2004) [47] GYIL 293
- Dürig G, ‘Der Grundrechtssatz von der Menschenwürde, Gehör bei Haftbefehl’ (1969) 27 [1-6] BVerfGE
- Fischer H, ‘Fernsehaufnahme von Kriegsgefangenen: vom Verstoß zum Kriegsverbrechen’ (2003) [244D] Bofaxe
- Gensing P und Siggelkow P, ‘Verstoss gegen Genfer Abkommen?’ (4.3.2022) ARD Tagesschau (Alman Televizyonu Haber Kanalı)
- Huguenin-Benjamin R. ‘Can Public Communacations Protect Victims?’ (2005) 87 [860] ICRC 661
- John T, ‘The Story of this Shocking Image from a Prison Camp in Bosnia Continues 25 Years Later’ (22.11.2017), TIME Magazine
- Mahnad R, ‘Shielding Prisoners of War from Public Curiosity’, (28.06.2022) ICRC Humanitarian Law&Policy Blog
- Rayner G, ‘We were deceived and used like meat shields’ (03.03.2022) The Telegraph.
- Reisman WM, ‘The View from the New Haven School of International Law’ (1992) 86 ASIL Proceedings 118
- Reuter TK, and Thürer D, ‘Kriegsberichterstattung und humanitäres Völkerrecht’ (2003) [2] Medialex 103
- Risius G and Meyer MA, ‘The Protection of Prisoners of War Against Insults and Public Curiosity’ (2010) 33 [295] IRRC 288
- Saxon D, ‘Covering Syria. Legal and Ethical Obligations of Journalists’, (2013) 2 [3] CJICL 411
- Skordas A, ‘Mass Media, Influence on International Relations’ (2012) MPEPIL, 16
- Waldron J, ‘How Law Protects Dignity’, (2012) 71 [1] CLJ 200
- Winter M, ‘Der völkerrechtliche Schutz Kriegsgefangener von Abbildungen ihrer Person in den Medien’ (2004) 42 [4] AVR 425
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Law in Context (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 25, 2025 |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 10, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 22, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 62 |
Cite
- Article Files