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ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2025, Issue: 62, 101 - 130, 30.04.2025

Abdulkadir Pekel , Burcu Değirmencioğlu

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1683764

Abstract

Tarih boyunca, devletler çoğunlukla kendi egemenlikleri altında birden fazla kültürel kimliğe sahip toplulukları barındırmıştır. Bu nedenle, kültürel çeşitliliklere ilişkin bir politika geliştirmek, devletlerin temel görevlerinden biridir. Bu durum, çok kültürlülük tartışmalarını devlet ve siyaset teorisinin önemli konularından biri haline getirmektedir. Çok kültürlülük, hukuk teorisi açısından da önemli olabilmekte çünkü devletlerin hukuk politikalarında da farklılaşmayı, başka bir ifadeyle hukuki çoğulluğu beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Çok kültürlülüğün hukuk alanındaki yansıması olarak hukuki çoğulluk, genellikle sömürge-sonrası devletlerde, mevcut hukuk sisteminin yanında dini, geleneksel ya da yerlilere özgü hukukun uygulanması olarak tezahür etmektedir. Benzerleri farklı ülkelerde görülen, Birleşik Krallık’ta son yıllarda artışa geçen sayılarıyla Müslüman topluluk için faaliyet gösteren Şeriat Konseylerinin hukuki çoğulluk uygulaması olarak görülüp görülemeyeceği tartışılması gereken önemli sorulardan biridir. Birleşik Krallık’ta yaşayan Müslümanlara ait özel hukuk uyuşmazlıklarını çözüme kavuşturmak için çalışan, özellikle büyük oranda kadınlardan gelen İslami boşanma taleplerini inceleyen Şeriat Konseyleri, herkes için tek hukuk (one law for all)” ilkesini ihlal etme tehlikesini barındırması ve kadın haklarının ihlali endişesiyle eleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu eleştiriler, insan hakları ile çok kültürlülük ya da daha geniş anlamda insan hakları ile kültürel görecilik arasındaki tartışmayı gündeme getirmektedir.

Keywords

Çok kültürlülük hukuki çoğulluk insan hakları şeriat konseyleri Birleşik Krallık

Ethical Statement

Bu makale Etik Kurul iznine tabi değildir

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Multiculturalism and Human Rights: An Evaluation of Shari’a Councils in The United Kingdom

Year 2025, Issue: 62, 101 - 130, 30.04.2025

Abdulkadir Pekel , Burcu Değirmencioğlu

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1683764

Abstract

Throughout history, states have often harbored communities with multiple cultural identities under their sovereignty. Therefore, developing a policy on cultural diversity is one of the main tasks of states. This makes multiculturalism debates one of the most important issues in state and political theory. Multiculturalism can also be important for legal theory because it can bring about differentiation in the legal policies of states, in other words, legal pluralism. Legal pluralism as a reflection of multiculturalism in the field of law is often manifested in post-colonial states as the application of religious, traditional or indigenous law alongside the existing legal system. One of the important questions to be discussed is whether the Sharia Councils operating for the Muslim community in the United Kingdom, the number of which has increased in recent years, can be seen as a practice of legal pluralism. Sharia Councils, which work to resolve private law disputes of Muslims living in the United Kingdom, and which examine Islamic divorce requests, especially from women, have been criticized for the danger of violating the principle of “one law for all” and for violating women’s rights. These criticisms raise the debate between human rights and multiculturalism, or more broadly between human rights and cultural relativism.

Keywords

Multiculturalism legal pluralitsm shari’a councils human rights United Kingdom

Ethical Statement

This article is not subject to Ethics Committee permission.

References

  • Addison N, ‘Foreword: Sharia Tribunals n Britain- Mediators or Arbitrators?’ in Denis MacEoin and David G. Green (eds), Sharia Law or ‘One Law for All? (CIVITAS 2009)
  • Aydın H, ‘İngiltere’de İslami Yargı Kurumlarının Sınırları’ (2003) 5 Darulhadis İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi
  • Appiah K A, The Ethics of Identity (Princeton University Press 2005)
  • Bell G F, ‘Multiculturalism in Law is Legal Pluralism – Lessons form Indonesia, Singapore and Canada’ (2006). Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
  • Cumper P, ‘Multiculturalism, Human Rights and the Accommodation of Sharia Law’ (2014) [14] Human Rights Law Review
  • Davies M, ‘Legal Pluralism’ in Peter Cane and Herbert M. Kritzer (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Empirical Legal Research (Oxford University Press 2010)
  • Değirmencioğlu B, Westphalian Modelden Bugüne Egemenliğin Dönüşümü Bağlamında Yeni Dünya Düzeninin İnşası (Adalet Yayınları 2022)
  • DiSalvo D and Ceaser J W, ‘Affirmative Action and Positive Discrimination’ (2004) 25[1] Tocqueville Review
  • Douglas G, Norman Doe, Sophie Gilliat-Ray, Russell Sandberg and Asma Khan, Social Cohesion and Civil Law: Marriage, Divorce and Religious Courts-Report of a Research Study funded by the AHRC (Cardiff University 2011)
  • Ensaroğlu Y, ‘Modernleşme Sürecinde Çokkültürlülük’ içinde Helsinki Yurttaşlar Derneği (ed), Modernleşme ve Çokkültürlülük (İletişim Yayınları 2001)
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  • MacEoin D and Green D G (eds), Sharia Law or ‘One Law for All? (CIVITAS 2009)
  • Neo J L, ‘Legal Pluralism in Centralist Singapore’ in Guillaume Tusseau (ed.), Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism: New Trajectories for_Legal Theory in the_Global Age (Springer Publishing 2020)
  • Laçiner Ö, ‘Çokkültürlülük’ içinde Helsinki Yurttaşlar Derneği (ed), Modernleşme ve Çokkültürlülük (İletişim Yayınları 2001)
  • Lukito R, Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbidgeable (Routledge Publishing 2013)
  • Park J W, The National Identity of a Diaspora: A Comparative Study of the Korean Identity in China, Japan and Uzbekistan (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi LSE 2005)
  • Pekel A, İnsan Haklarının Evrenselliğine Kültürel Görecilik İtirazı ve Tartışmayı Uzlaştırma Çabaları (Adalet Yayınevi 2023)
  • Salihpaşaoğlu Y, Hukuka Giriş (Adalet Yayınevi 2023)
  • Saygılı A, ‘Modern Devletin Çıplak Sureti’ (2010) 59[1] Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi
  • Shachar A, ‘The Paradox of Multicultural Vulnerability: Individual Rights, Identity Groups and the State’ in Christian Joppke and Steven Lukes (eds), Multicultural Questions (Oxford University Press 2004)
  • Shorten A, Çokkültürlülük: Günümüzde Çeşitliliğin Siyasi Teorisi (Abdulvahit Gezer, Lejand Kitap Yayınları 2004)
  • The Independent review into the application of sharia law in England and Wales, Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department by Command of Her Majesty (Counter Extremism Unit 2018)
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  • Vartija D and Bermejo S M, ‘Inequalities in Early Modern History (ca. 1500–1800)’ in Jan Hansen, Jochen Hung, Jaroslav Ira, Judit Klement, Sylvain Lesage, Juan Luis Simal and Andrew Tompkins (eds) European Experience (OpenBook Publishers 2023)
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  • Bowcott O, ‘Law Society withdraws guidance on sharia wills’ (The Guardian, 24 November 2014) <https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/nov/24/law-society-withdraws-guidance-sharia-wills> erişim:22.07.2024.
  • Butt R, ‘Archbishops backs sharia law for British Muslims’, (The Guardian, 7 February 2008) <https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/07/religion.world> erişim 19.07.2024.
  • Cameron D, ‘PM’s Speech at Munich Security Conference’ 5 February 2011 <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pms-speech-at-munich-security-conference> erişim 19.07.2024.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdulkadir Pekel

Burcu Değirmencioğlu 0000-0001-5721-9933

Early Pub Date April 25, 2025
Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date October 3, 2024
Acceptance Date April 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 62

Cite

APA Pekel, A., & Değirmencioğlu, B. (2025). ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi(62), 101-130. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1683764
AMA Pekel A, Değirmencioğlu B. ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. TAAD. April 2025;(62):101-130. doi:10.54049/taad.1683764
Chicago Pekel, Abdulkadir, and Burcu Değirmencioğlu. “ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, no. 62 (April 2025): 101-30. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1683764.
EndNote Pekel A, Değirmencioğlu B (April 1, 2025) ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 62 101–130.
IEEE A. Pekel and B. Değirmencioğlu, “ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”, TAAD, no. 62, pp. 101–130, April 2025, doi: 10.54049/taad.1683764.
ISNAD Pekel, Abdulkadir - Değirmencioğlu, Burcu. “ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 62 (April 2025), 101-130. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1683764.
JAMA Pekel A, Değirmencioğlu B. ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. TAAD. 2025;:101–130.
MLA Pekel, Abdulkadir and Burcu Değirmencioğlu. “ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, no. 62, 2025, pp. 101-30, doi:10.54049/taad.1683764.
Vancouver Pekel A, Değirmencioğlu B. ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSAN HAKLARI: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TAKİ ŞERİAT KONSEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. TAAD. 2025(62):101-30.
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