Depression and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review of Their Complex Relationship and Clinical Implications

Sai Sarath Kumar Pemma; Venkata Anirudh Chunchu; Mayur Srinivas Pathan; Ben Walters; Nanki Pratap Singh; Fnu Anamika

doi:10.46310/tjim.1515390

Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 29.04.2025

Sai Sarath Kumar Pemma , Venkata Anirudh Chunchu Mayur Srinivas Pathan Ben Walters Nanki Pratap Singh Fnu Anamika

https://doi.org/10.46310/tjim.1515390

Abstract

References

Beurel E, Toups M, Nemeroff CB. The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble. Neuron. 2020 Jul 22;107(2):234-256. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002.
Slavich GM, Sacher J. Stress, Sex Hormones, Inflammation, and Major Depressive Disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to Account for Sex Differences in Mood Disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 Oct;236(10):3063-3079. doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05326-9.
Moradi M, Doostkami M, Behnamfar N, Rafiemanesh H, Behzadmehr R. Global Prevalence of Depression among Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022 Jun;47(6):100848. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100848.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Depression. National Center for Health Statistics. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/depression.htm. Accessed April 10, 2025.
Chand SP, Arif H. Depression. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430847/.
Chen C, Beaunoyer E, Guitton MJ, Wang J. Physical Activity as a Clinical Tool against Depression: Opportunities and Challenges. J Integr Neurosci. 2022 Sep 30;21(5):132. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2105132.
Okorare O, Ubokudum D, Jumbo U, Gbegbaje O, Ogunleye O, Ather K. Recent Trends in Heart Failure and Concomitant Depression: A Retrospective Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Jan;49(1 Pt C):102122. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102122.
Pressler SJ, Jung M, Giordani B, Oommen S, Berkooz M, Bidwell JT, Fauer A, Ronis DL. Evaluating Depressive Symptoms, BDNF Val66Met, and APOE-ε4 as Moderators of Response to Computerized Cognitive Training in Heart Failure. Heart Lung. 2023 May-Jun;59:146-156. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.02.002.
Tromp J, Paniagua SMA, Lau ES, Allen NB, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Desai AS, Deswal A, Erqou S, Finegold JA, Gansevoort RT, Guzman NJ, Ho JE, Khera A, Lam CSP, Lloyd-Jones DM, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Yancy CW, Shah SJ. Age Dependent Associations of Risk Factors with Heart Failure: Pooled Population Based Cohort Study. BMJ. 2021 Mar 23;372:n461. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n461.
Näslund-Koch C, Vedel-Krogh S, Bojesen SE, Skov L. Traditional and Non-traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2022 Oct 11;102:adv00789. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2244.
Kasireddy TR, Yukselen Z, Muthyala A, Kaur M, Goyal A, Bhandari S, Pradhan N, Subramaniam AV, Khullar V, Desai R. Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors and Outcomes in Heart Failure: Does COVID-19 Affect Outcomes? Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023 Oct;48(10):101795. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101795.
Gale SE, Mardis A, Plazak ME, Kukin A, Reed BN. Management of Noncardiovascular Comorbidities in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Pharmacotherapy. 2021 Jun;41(6):537-545. doi: 10.1002/phar.2528.
von Haehling S, Arzt M, Doehner W, Edelmann F, Evertz R, Ebner N, Garfias Macedo T, Grabs V, Halle M, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoendermis ES, Jankowska EA, Jansa P, Javaheri S, Kielstein JT, Kotecha D, Krüger T, Lainscak M, Leschke M, Masip J, Müller-Werdan U, Pieske B, Poole-Wilson P, Prondzinsky R, Scherer M, Störk S, Wachter R, Anker SD. Improving Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life Using Non-invasive Heart Failure Treatments: Evidence from Clinical Trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021 Jan;23(1):92-113. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1838.
Sbolli M, Fiuzat M, Cani D, O'Connor CM. Depression and Heart Failure: The Lonely Comorbidity. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Nov;22(11):2007-2017. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1865.
Ishak WW, Edwards G, Herrera N, Lin P, Kasckow J, Francis A, Balayan K. Depression in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020 Apr-Jun;17(4-6):27-38.
Bucciarelli V, Caterino AL, Bianco F, Capuano A, Salvatore M, Di Palma A, Di Tommaso MR, Viggiano A, Iovino P, Quagliariello V, Marsico S, Bimonte S, Cascella M. Depression and cardiovascular disease: The deep blue sea of women's hearts. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Apr;30(3):170-176. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.001.
Goyal P, Zainul O, Marshall D, Kitzman DW. Geriatric Domains in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiol Clin. 2022 Nov;40(4):517-532. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.06.006.
Basile C, Parlati ALM, Paolillo S, Iacoviello M, D'Andrea A, Trimarco B, Bossone E, De Luca G, Gargiulo P, Sarullo FM, Cice G, Agostoni P, Cleland JG, Piepoli MF. Depression in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, an Undervalued Comorbidity: An Up-To-Date Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 May 15;59(5):948. doi: 10.3390/medicina59050948.
Thomas SA, Chapa D, Friedmann E, Durden C, Ross A, Lee HJ, Jones K, Harris M, Mavromatis K. Depression in Patients with Heart Failure: Prevalence, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Treatment. Crit Care Nurse. 2008 Apr;28(2):40-55.
Varghese TP, Kumar AV, Varghese NM, Chand S. Depression Related Pathophysiologies Relevant in Heart Disease: Insights into the Mechanism Based on Pharmacological Treatments. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020;16(2):125-131. doi: 10.2174/1573403X15666191127104520.
Arora RC, Meltzer HY. Increased serotonin 2 (5-HT2) receptor binding as measured by 3H-lysergic acid diethylamide (3H-LSD) in the blood platelets of depressed patients. Life Sci. 1989;44(11):725-734. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90384-6.
Huffman JC, Celano CM, Beach SR, Motiwala SR, Januzzi JL. Depression and cardiac disease: epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2013;2013:695925. doi: 10.1155/2013/695925.
Ramos-Martínez IE, Rodríguez MC, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I, González-Arenas A, Morales-Montor J. Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 14;22(24):13427. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413427.
Shear FE. Depression in patients with heart failure: A review article. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2020;9(9):31-9.
Kemp AH, Quintana DS, Gray MA, Felmingham KL, Brown K, Gatt JM. Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 1;67(11):1067-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.012.
Whooley MA, de Jonge P, Vittinghoff E, Otte C, Moos R, Carney RM, Ali S, Dowray S, Na B, Seeman TE. Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2008 Nov 26;300(20):2379-2388. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.711.
Wu JR, Lennie TA, Dekker RL, Biddle MJ, Moser DK. Medication adherence, depressive symptoms, and cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2013 May;19(5):317-324. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.03.010.
Bozkurt B, Ahmad T, Alexander KM, Bhatt DL, Breathett K, Butler J, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hernandez AF, Jessup M, Kirklin JK, Maddox TM, Mann DL, Piña IL, Rosano GMC, Teerlink JR, Yancy CW. Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America. J Card Fail. 2023 Oct;29(10):1412-1451. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.07.006.
Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Stohl M, Grant BF. Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 1;75(4):336-346. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602.
Cao L, Sheng C, Luo G, Ou J. Depression as a Risk Factor for Developing Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2022 Mar-Apr 1;37(2):112-121. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000760.
Krittanawong C, Maitra NS, Qadeer YK, Wang Z, Fogg S, Storch EA, Celano CM, Huffman JC, Jha M, Charney DS, Lavie CJ. Association of Depression and Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Med. 2023 Sep;136(9):881-895. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.04.036.
Garfield LD, Scherrer JF, Hauptman PJ, Freedland KE, Bucholz KK, Boden JM, Balasubramanian S, Lawler EV, Lustman PJ. Association of anxiety disorders and depression with incident heart failure. Psychosom Med. 2014 Feb-Mar;76(2):128-136. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000027.
Zahid I, Baig MA, Ahmed Gilani J, Waseem N, Ather S, Farooq AS, Ghouri A, Siddiqui SN, Kumar R, Sahil, Suman, Kumar R, Kumar R, Mulla AA, Siddiqi R, Fatima K. Frequency and predictors of depression in congestive heart failure. Indian Heart J. 2018 Dec;70 Suppl 3:S199-S203. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.410.
Mulugeta H, Sinclair PM, Wilson A. Prevalence of depression and its association with health-related quality of life in people with heart failure in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 23;18(3):e0283146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283146.
Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, Kuchibhatla M, Gaulden LH, Cuffe MS, Blazing MA, Davenport C, Califf RM, Krishnan RKR, O’Connor CM. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Aug 13-27;161(15):1849-1856. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.15.1849.
Lee KS, Park DI, Lee J, Oh O, Kim N, Nam G. Relationship between comorbidity and health outcomes in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Oct 10;23(1):498. doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03527-x.
Redwine LS, Wilson K, Pung MA, Chinh K, Rutledge T, Mills PJ, Smith B. A Randomized Study Examining the Effects of Mild-to-Moderate Group Exercises on Cardiovascular, Physical, and Psychological Well-being in Patients With Heart Failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019 Nov;39(6):403-408. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000430.
Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, O’Connor C, Keteyian S, Landzberg J, Howlett J, Kraus WE, Whellan DJ, Ellis SJ, Gottlieb SS, Forman DE, Saval MA, Christopher EJ, Gaulden LH, Koch GG, Pina IL. Effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure: the HF-ACTION randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 1;308(5):465-474. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.8720.
Wick LL. Depression and Heart Failure: Assessment, Treatment, and Interventions to Improve Self-Care Behaviors. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;34(2):157-164. doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2022.02.005.
Poletti V, Pagnini F, Banfi P, Volpato E. The Role of Depression on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure—a Systematic Review of the Literature. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):1995-2008. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01815-0.
Johansson P, Jaarsma T, Andersson G, Lundgren J. The impact of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and depressive symptoms on self-care behavior in patients with heart failure: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Apr;116:103454. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103454.
Sherwood A, Blumenthal JA, Trivedi R, Johnson KS, O’Connor CM, Adams KF Jr, Dupree CS, Waugh RA, Bensimhon DR, Gaulden L, Christenson RH, Koch GG, Hinderliter AL. Relationship of depression to death or hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Feb 26;167(4):367-373. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.4.367.
Peng Y, Fang J, Huang W, Qin S. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Heart Failure. Int Heart J. 2019 May 30;60(3):665-670. doi: 10.1536/ihj.18-408.
Ying H, Zhang X, He T, Feng Q, Wang R, Yang L, Duan J. A bibliometric analysis of research on heart failure comorbid with depression from 2002 to 2021. Heliyon. 2023 Jan 16;9(2):e13054. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13054.
Zambrano J, Celano CM, Januzzi JL, Massey CN, Chung WJ, Millstein RA, Huffman JC. Psychiatric and Psychological Interventions for Depression in Patients With Heart Disease: A Scoping Review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Nov 17;9(22):e018686. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018686.

Depression and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review of Their Complex Relationship and Clinical Implications

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 29.04.2025

Sai Sarath Kumar Pemma , Venkata Anirudh Chunchu Mayur Srinivas Pathan Ben Walters Nanki Pratap Singh Fnu Anamika

https://doi.org/10.46310/tjim.1515390

Abstract

Depression is a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity that affects heart failure (HF) patients worldwide, with significant social and economic impacts. The multifaceted, bidirectional relationship between depression and HF involves shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as hypercoagulability, inflammation, and neurohormonal and autonomic dysregulation. Furthermore, behavioural factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and medication non-adherence exacerbate the association between depression and HF. These complex pathways not only contribute to the development of heart failure in depressed people but also increase depressive symptoms in heart failure patients, creating a vicious cycle that affects overall well-being. Treatment of depression in heart failure patients requires an integrated approach, including non-pharmacological and pharmaceutical interventions. Despite the low efficacy of existing antidepressant medicines, there is a need for novel treatment techniques, and current research studies provide optimism for improving the overall prognosis and management of depression in this susceptible population. This review focuses on providing comprehensive care strategies that address both physical and mental health requirements as necessary, along with the importance of diagnosis and treatment of depression impacting heart failure to improve the overall prognosis and quality of life.

Keywords

Depression, Heart Failure, Comorbidity, Quality Of life.

References

Beurel E, Toups M, Nemeroff CB. The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble. Neuron. 2020 Jul 22;107(2):234-256. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002.
Slavich GM, Sacher J. Stress, Sex Hormones, Inflammation, and Major Depressive Disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to Account for Sex Differences in Mood Disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 Oct;236(10):3063-3079. doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05326-9.
Moradi M, Doostkami M, Behnamfar N, Rafiemanesh H, Behzadmehr R. Global Prevalence of Depression among Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022 Jun;47(6):100848. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100848.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Depression. National Center for Health Statistics. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/depression.htm. Accessed April 10, 2025.
Chand SP, Arif H. Depression. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430847/.
Chen C, Beaunoyer E, Guitton MJ, Wang J. Physical Activity as a Clinical Tool against Depression: Opportunities and Challenges. J Integr Neurosci. 2022 Sep 30;21(5):132. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2105132.
Okorare O, Ubokudum D, Jumbo U, Gbegbaje O, Ogunleye O, Ather K. Recent Trends in Heart Failure and Concomitant Depression: A Retrospective Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Jan;49(1 Pt C):102122. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102122.
Pressler SJ, Jung M, Giordani B, Oommen S, Berkooz M, Bidwell JT, Fauer A, Ronis DL. Evaluating Depressive Symptoms, BDNF Val66Met, and APOE-ε4 as Moderators of Response to Computerized Cognitive Training in Heart Failure. Heart Lung. 2023 May-Jun;59:146-156. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.02.002.
Tromp J, Paniagua SMA, Lau ES, Allen NB, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Desai AS, Deswal A, Erqou S, Finegold JA, Gansevoort RT, Guzman NJ, Ho JE, Khera A, Lam CSP, Lloyd-Jones DM, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Yancy CW, Shah SJ. Age Dependent Associations of Risk Factors with Heart Failure: Pooled Population Based Cohort Study. BMJ. 2021 Mar 23;372:n461. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n461.
Näslund-Koch C, Vedel-Krogh S, Bojesen SE, Skov L. Traditional and Non-traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2022 Oct 11;102:adv00789. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2244.
Kasireddy TR, Yukselen Z, Muthyala A, Kaur M, Goyal A, Bhandari S, Pradhan N, Subramaniam AV, Khullar V, Desai R. Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors and Outcomes in Heart Failure: Does COVID-19 Affect Outcomes? Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023 Oct;48(10):101795. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101795.
Gale SE, Mardis A, Plazak ME, Kukin A, Reed BN. Management of Noncardiovascular Comorbidities in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Pharmacotherapy. 2021 Jun;41(6):537-545. doi: 10.1002/phar.2528.
von Haehling S, Arzt M, Doehner W, Edelmann F, Evertz R, Ebner N, Garfias Macedo T, Grabs V, Halle M, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoendermis ES, Jankowska EA, Jansa P, Javaheri S, Kielstein JT, Kotecha D, Krüger T, Lainscak M, Leschke M, Masip J, Müller-Werdan U, Pieske B, Poole-Wilson P, Prondzinsky R, Scherer M, Störk S, Wachter R, Anker SD. Improving Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life Using Non-invasive Heart Failure Treatments: Evidence from Clinical Trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021 Jan;23(1):92-113. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1838.
Sbolli M, Fiuzat M, Cani D, O'Connor CM. Depression and Heart Failure: The Lonely Comorbidity. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Nov;22(11):2007-2017. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1865.
Ishak WW, Edwards G, Herrera N, Lin P, Kasckow J, Francis A, Balayan K. Depression in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020 Apr-Jun;17(4-6):27-38.
Bucciarelli V, Caterino AL, Bianco F, Capuano A, Salvatore M, Di Palma A, Di Tommaso MR, Viggiano A, Iovino P, Quagliariello V, Marsico S, Bimonte S, Cascella M. Depression and cardiovascular disease: The deep blue sea of women's hearts. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Apr;30(3):170-176. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.001.
Goyal P, Zainul O, Marshall D, Kitzman DW. Geriatric Domains in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiol Clin. 2022 Nov;40(4):517-532. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.06.006.
Basile C, Parlati ALM, Paolillo S, Iacoviello M, D'Andrea A, Trimarco B, Bossone E, De Luca G, Gargiulo P, Sarullo FM, Cice G, Agostoni P, Cleland JG, Piepoli MF. Depression in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, an Undervalued Comorbidity: An Up-To-Date Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 May 15;59(5):948. doi: 10.3390/medicina59050948.
Thomas SA, Chapa D, Friedmann E, Durden C, Ross A, Lee HJ, Jones K, Harris M, Mavromatis K. Depression in Patients with Heart Failure: Prevalence, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Treatment. Crit Care Nurse. 2008 Apr;28(2):40-55.
Varghese TP, Kumar AV, Varghese NM, Chand S. Depression Related Pathophysiologies Relevant in Heart Disease: Insights into the Mechanism Based on Pharmacological Treatments. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020;16(2):125-131. doi: 10.2174/1573403X15666191127104520.
Arora RC, Meltzer HY. Increased serotonin 2 (5-HT2) receptor binding as measured by 3H-lysergic acid diethylamide (3H-LSD) in the blood platelets of depressed patients. Life Sci. 1989;44(11):725-734. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90384-6.
Huffman JC, Celano CM, Beach SR, Motiwala SR, Januzzi JL. Depression and cardiac disease: epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2013;2013:695925. doi: 10.1155/2013/695925.
Ramos-Martínez IE, Rodríguez MC, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I, González-Arenas A, Morales-Montor J. Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 14;22(24):13427. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413427.
Shear FE. Depression in patients with heart failure: A review article. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2020;9(9):31-9.
Kemp AH, Quintana DS, Gray MA, Felmingham KL, Brown K, Gatt JM. Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 1;67(11):1067-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.012.
Whooley MA, de Jonge P, Vittinghoff E, Otte C, Moos R, Carney RM, Ali S, Dowray S, Na B, Seeman TE. Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2008 Nov 26;300(20):2379-2388. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.711.
Wu JR, Lennie TA, Dekker RL, Biddle MJ, Moser DK. Medication adherence, depressive symptoms, and cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2013 May;19(5):317-324. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.03.010.
Bozkurt B, Ahmad T, Alexander KM, Bhatt DL, Breathett K, Butler J, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hernandez AF, Jessup M, Kirklin JK, Maddox TM, Mann DL, Piña IL, Rosano GMC, Teerlink JR, Yancy CW. Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America. J Card Fail. 2023 Oct;29(10):1412-1451. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.07.006.
Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Stohl M, Grant BF. Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 1;75(4):336-346. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602.
Cao L, Sheng C, Luo G, Ou J. Depression as a Risk Factor for Developing Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2022 Mar-Apr 1;37(2):112-121. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000760.
Krittanawong C, Maitra NS, Qadeer YK, Wang Z, Fogg S, Storch EA, Celano CM, Huffman JC, Jha M, Charney DS, Lavie CJ. Association of Depression and Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Med. 2023 Sep;136(9):881-895. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.04.036.
Garfield LD, Scherrer JF, Hauptman PJ, Freedland KE, Bucholz KK, Boden JM, Balasubramanian S, Lawler EV, Lustman PJ. Association of anxiety disorders and depression with incident heart failure. Psychosom Med. 2014 Feb-Mar;76(2):128-136. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000027.
Zahid I, Baig MA, Ahmed Gilani J, Waseem N, Ather S, Farooq AS, Ghouri A, Siddiqui SN, Kumar R, Sahil, Suman, Kumar R, Kumar R, Mulla AA, Siddiqi R, Fatima K. Frequency and predictors of depression in congestive heart failure. Indian Heart J. 2018 Dec;70 Suppl 3:S199-S203. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.410.
Mulugeta H, Sinclair PM, Wilson A. Prevalence of depression and its association with health-related quality of life in people with heart failure in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 23;18(3):e0283146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283146.
Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, Kuchibhatla M, Gaulden LH, Cuffe MS, Blazing MA, Davenport C, Califf RM, Krishnan RKR, O’Connor CM. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Aug 13-27;161(15):1849-1856. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.15.1849.
Lee KS, Park DI, Lee J, Oh O, Kim N, Nam G. Relationship between comorbidity and health outcomes in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Oct 10;23(1):498. doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03527-x.
Redwine LS, Wilson K, Pung MA, Chinh K, Rutledge T, Mills PJ, Smith B. A Randomized Study Examining the Effects of Mild-to-Moderate Group Exercises on Cardiovascular, Physical, and Psychological Well-being in Patients With Heart Failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019 Nov;39(6):403-408. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000430.
Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, O’Connor C, Keteyian S, Landzberg J, Howlett J, Kraus WE, Whellan DJ, Ellis SJ, Gottlieb SS, Forman DE, Saval MA, Christopher EJ, Gaulden LH, Koch GG, Pina IL. Effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure: the HF-ACTION randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 1;308(5):465-474. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.8720.
Wick LL. Depression and Heart Failure: Assessment, Treatment, and Interventions to Improve Self-Care Behaviors. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;34(2):157-164. doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2022.02.005.
Poletti V, Pagnini F, Banfi P, Volpato E. The Role of Depression on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure—a Systematic Review of the Literature. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):1995-2008. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01815-0.
Johansson P, Jaarsma T, Andersson G, Lundgren J. The impact of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and depressive symptoms on self-care behavior in patients with heart failure: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Apr;116:103454. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103454.
Sherwood A, Blumenthal JA, Trivedi R, Johnson KS, O’Connor CM, Adams KF Jr, Dupree CS, Waugh RA, Bensimhon DR, Gaulden L, Christenson RH, Koch GG, Hinderliter AL. Relationship of depression to death or hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Feb 26;167(4):367-373. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.4.367.
Peng Y, Fang J, Huang W, Qin S. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Heart Failure. Int Heart J. 2019 May 30;60(3):665-670. doi: 10.1536/ihj.18-408.
Ying H, Zhang X, He T, Feng Q, Wang R, Yang L, Duan J. A bibliometric analysis of research on heart failure comorbid with depression from 2002 to 2021. Heliyon. 2023 Jan 16;9(2):e13054. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13054.
Zambrano J, Celano CM, Januzzi JL, Massey CN, Chung WJ, Millstein RA, Huffman JC. Psychiatric and Psychological Interventions for Depression in Patients With Heart Disease: A Scoping Review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Nov 17;9(22):e018686. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018686.

There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Internal Diseases
Journal Section	Reviews
Authors	Sai Sarath Kumar Pemma 0009-0001-2607-1435 Venkata Anirudh Chunchu 0000-0002-0805-5554 Mayur Srinivas Pathan 0009-0009-4892-867X Ben Walters 0009-0008-2375-9964 Nanki Pratap Singh 0009-0005-5737-1616 Fnu Anamika 0000-0003-1339-0266
Publication Date	April 29, 2025
Submission Date	July 25, 2024
Acceptance Date	April 10, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote	Pemma SSK, Chunchu VA, Pathan MS, Walters B, Singh NP, Anamika F (April 1, 2025) Depression and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review of Their Complex Relationship and Clinical Implications. Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine 7 2 44–51.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

e-ISSN: 2687-4245

Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine, hosted by Turkish JournalPark ACADEMIC, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

2025 -TJIM.org