Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın Aracılık Rolü: Türkiye’de Covid-19 Kapanma Dönemi Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 26 - 43, 26.04.2025

Şeymanur Dönmez , Büşra Kavla

Abstract

Geleceğin öngörülemezliği ile ilişkili olarak hayatın her alanında belirsizlikle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bireylerin belirsizlik karşısında verdiği tepkiler, belirsizlikle baş etme yolları belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük kavramıyla açıklanmaktadır. Bu araştırma, kişilerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük seviyeleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracı etkisini incelemek amacıyla Türkiye’de Covid-19 salgınına bağlı olarak kapanmaların uygulandığı Nisan-Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılan 18-70 yaş aralığındaki 409 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği Kısa Form, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği ve katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgileri için araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Basit doğrusal korelasyon analizi sonuçları belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik dayanıklılık ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında anlamlı negatif ilişki, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasında ise anlamlı pozitif ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan basit doğrusal regresyon analizlerine göre belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük psikolojik iyi oluşun ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın, psikolojik dayanıklılık ise psikolojik iyi oluşun anlamlı yordayıcılarıdır. Dört aşamalı regresyon temelli aracılık modeline göre yapılan analizler belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik dayanıklılığın tam aracı etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu etkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup olmadığını test etmek için yapılan Sobel testi ile aracılık etkisi doğrulanmıştır.

Keywords

belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük psikolojik dayanıklılık psikolojik iyi oluş pandemi covid-19

Ethical Statement

Araştırma Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 22/05/2020-10 evrak numaralı kararı ve T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilimsel Araştırma Değerlendirme Komisyonu’nun izni ile yürütülmüştür.

References

  • Abbas, A. M., & Kamel, M. M. (2020). Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity Medicine, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100254
  • Armutlu, İ. (2019). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, dürtüsellik, ruminasyon ve genel erteleme eğiliminin psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi (Tez No. 558631) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve COVID-19. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi Ayrıntı, 8, 85.
  • Barahmand, U., & Haji, A. (2014). The impact of intolerance of uncertainty, worry and irritability on quality of life in persons with epilepsy: Irritability as mediator. Epilepsy research, 108(8), 1335-1344.
  • Baron, M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/00223514.51.6.1173
  • Basım, H. N., & Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği›nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(2), 104-114. https://www.olcekaramamotoru.com/attachments/detay/yetiskinler-icin-psikolojik-dayaniklilik-olceginin-guvenilirlik-ve-gecerlilikcalismasi_133000528209869890.pdf
  • Bektaş, M., & Özben, Ş. (2016). Evli bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin bazı sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 215-240. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.16929
  • Bensimon, M. (2012). Elaboration on the association between trauma, PTSD and post traumatic growth: The role of trait resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 52,7, 782787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.011
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(20)30460-8
  • Bonanno, G. A., Ho, S. M., Chan, J. C., Kwong, R. S., Cheung, C. K., Wong, C. P., & Wong, V. C. (2008). Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychology, 27(5), 659. https://doi.org/10.1037/02786133.27.5.659
  • Botou, A., Mylonakou-Keke, I., Kalouri, O. & Tsergas, N. (2017). Primary school teachers’ resilience during the economic crisis in Greece. Psychology, 8(1), 131- 159. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.81009
  • Bozdağ, F., & Ergün, N. (2021). Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Reports, 124(6), 25667-2586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477
  • Bozkurt, D., & Levent, A., F. (2021). Öğretmenlerin psikolojik dayanıklılık ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 44(18), 79688000. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.937692
  • Buhr K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Buhr, K. E. (2001). Examination of the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University).
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
  • Cengiz, İ., Ergün, D., & Çakıcı, E. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and psychological resilience in Syrian refugees: Hatay, Turkey. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 269-276. https://www.alpha-psychiatry.com/Content/files/sayilar/60/269-276.pdf
  • Deniz, M. E. (2021). Self-compassion, intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID-19, and wellbeing: A serial mediation investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110824
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-0099493-y
  • Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00070-3
  • Durak Batıgün, A., & Şenkal Ertürk, İ. (2021). COVID-19 associated psychological symptoms in Turkish population: A path model. Current Psychology 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02026-6
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020, Mart 11). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/whodirector-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefingon-COVID-19---11-march-2020
  • Elmas, L., Yüceant, M., Ünlü, H., & Bahadır, Z. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sportive, 4(1), 1-17.
  • Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2011). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts and theory. Journal of Controlled Release, 156, 315-322.
  • Freeston, M., Tiplady, A., Mawn, L., Bottesi, G., & Thwaites, S. (2020). Towards a model of uncertainty distress in the context of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X2000029X
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143
  • Geçgin, F. M., & Sahranç, Ü. (2017). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki İlişki. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7(4), 739-755. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.383737
  • Graber, R., Pichon, F., & Carabine, E. (2015). Psychological resilience.London: Overseas Development Institute, 3-27. Gürbüz, S., & Bayık, M. E. (2018). Aracılık modellerinin analizinde modern yaklaşım: Baron ve Kenny Yöntemi artık terk edilmeli mi? 6. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 2-3 Kasım 2018/Isparta.
  • Hillen, M. A., Gutheil, C. M., Strout, T. D., Smets, E. M., & Han, P. K. (2017). Tolerance of uncertainty: Conceptual analysis, integrative model, and implications for healthcare. Social science & medicine, 180, 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.024
  • Kahn, E., Sheldon, J. P., Carmichael, A., & Yashar, B. M. (2021). Graduate training during the COVID-19 pandemic: North American genetic counseling students’ challenges, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological well-being. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 30(5), 1325-1335. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1501
  • Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the COVID pandemic in Turkey and COVID-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde kaygı ile maneviyat, psikolojik sağlamlık ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 599-614. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44284
  • Kermen, U., Tosun, N. İ., & Doğan, U. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik iyi oluşun yordayıcısı olarak sosyal kaygı. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 20-29.
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A., & Dailey, N. S. (2020). Psychological resilience during the COVID-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216
  • Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1037//00223514.37.1.1
  • Koffman, J., Gross, J., Etkind, S. N., & Selman, L. (2020). Uncertainty and COVID-19: How are we to respond? Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, 113(6), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076820930665
  • Koorner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: The role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 619-638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9125-2
  • Lee, J. S. (2019). Effect of resilience on intolerance of uncertainty in nursing university students. Nursing Forum, 54:53-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12297
  • Li, Y., Cao, F., Cao, D., & Liu, J. (2015). Nursing students’ post-traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(5), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12192
  • Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
  • Mitmansgruber, H., Smrekar, U., Rabanser, B., Beck, T., Eder, J., & Ellemunter, H. (2016). Psychological resilience and intolerance of uncertainty in coping with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis. 15, 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2016.08.003
  • Parlak, S., Tunç, E. B., Eryiğit, D., & Uluman, M. (2022). Relationships between hostility, resilience, and intolerance of uncertainty: A structural equation modeling. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2022.1.1
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Pietrabissa, G., & Simpson, S. G. (2020). Psychological consequences of social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
  • Polatçı, S., & Tınaz, Z., D. (2021). Kişilik özelliklerinin psikolojik dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 36(17), 2890-2917. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.827411
  • Recepoğlu, E., & Ülker-Tümlü, G. (2013). Üniversite akademik personelinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Öğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 3 (3), 205-213.
  • Reger, M. A., Stanley, I. H., & Joiner, T. E., (2020). Suicide mortality and corona virus disease 2019—A perfect storm? Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060
  • Rehman, S. U., Ullah, R., Imran, M., Iqbal, K., Saleem, Z., & Khattak, S. R. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental well-being: Important role of loneliness and fear of COVID-19: Evidence from Higher Educational Institutions. Multicult. Educ, 7, 147-154.
  • Rosen, N. O., & Knäuper, B. (2009). A little uncertainty goes a long way: State and trait differences in uncertainty interact to increase information seeking but also increase worry. Health communication, 24(3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230902804125
  • Rossi, A., Panzeri, A., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G. M., Castelnuovo, G., & Mannarini, S. (2020). The anxiety-buffer hypothesis in the time of COVID-19: when self-esteem protects from the impact of loneliness and fear on anxiety and depression. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177
  • Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (2003). Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving. In Keyes, C. L. M., & Haidt, J. (Ed.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life welllived (pp.15-36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10594-001
  • Saatçı, E. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde mükemmeliyetçilik, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın kendini engelleme üzerindeki etkisi (Tez No. 609668) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social ScienceJournal, 1(3), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-02000305-0
  • Sexton, K. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2009). Defining distinct negative beliefs about uncertainty: Validating the factor structure of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015827
  • Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological inflexibility and intolerance of uncertainty moderate the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 18, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005
  • Soanes, C., & Stevenson, A. (2006). Oxford dictionary of English (2nd Ed). Oxford University Press.
  • Şenol, L., & Üzüm, B. (2019). Özel sağlık kurumları çalışanlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yabancılaşma düzeyleri. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11 (2), 1098-1102. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.658
  • Tang, W. K. (2019). Resilience and self-compassion related with achievement emotions, test anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and academic achievement. Psychological Studies, 64(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00482-6
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384.
  • Thabet, A. A. M., Elhelou M. W., & Vostanis P. (2015). Exposure to war traumatic experiences, posttraumatic growth and resilience among university students in Gaza. AJAMS, 1, 1-8.
  • Toro, R. A., Avendaño-Prieto, B. L., & Vargas, N. (2019). Transdiagnostic model of anxiety and depression according to the relationship with affect, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety sensitivity. Revista CES Psicología, 13(1), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.1.9
  • Tönbül, Ö. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını sonrası 20-60 yaş arası bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 159-174. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hp/issue/54982/730460
  • Trani, M. D., Mariani, R., Ferri, R., De Berardinis, D. D., & Frigo, M. G. (2021). From resilience to burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency: The role of the ability to tolerate uncertainty. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646435
  • Uçar, E. (2018). Psikolojik iyi oluş yordayıcısı olarak dindarlık, evlilik doyumu ve problem çözme (Tez No. 504159) [Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Üzar Özçetin, Y. S., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4), 388- 397. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.290285
  • Valle, M. V., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Yerro-Avincetto, M., López-Morales, H., & CanetJuric, L. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty over COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1335
  • Wei, J., Gong, Y., Wang, X., Shi, J., Ding, H., Zhang, M., Kang, C., Yu, Y., Wang, S., Shao, N., Chen, L., & Han, J. (2021). Gender differences in the relationships between different types of childhood trauma and resilience on depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 148, 106523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106523
  • Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2022). Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19. Current psychology, 41(8), 5712-5722.https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vpu5q
  • Zhang, F., Or, P., & Chung, J. (2021). How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well-being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours. Health Expect, 24(2), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13208

The Mediator Role of Psychological Resilience in the Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Psychological Well-Being: The Case of Covid-19 Lockdown Period in Turkey

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 26 - 43, 26.04.2025

Şeymanur Dönmez , Büşra Kavla

Abstract

In relation to the unpredictability of the future, uncertainty is encountered in all areas of life. Individuals' reactions to uncertainty and their coping ways with uncertainty are explained by the concept of intolerance to uncertainty. To examine the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between individuals' intolerance of uncertainty levels and their psychological well-being, this research was conducted between April-May 2020, when lockdowns were applied due to the Covid-19 epidemic in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 409 people between the ages of 18-70, reached by the easily accessible sampling method. Resilience Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Personal Information Form created by the researchers for the socio-demographic information of the participants. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. According to the results of simple linear correlation analysis, there is a significant negative relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and psychological resilience and psychological well-being, and a significant positive relationship between psychological resilience and psychological well-being. According to the simple linear regression analysis, intolerance to uncertainty is a significant predictor of psychological well-being and resilience, and resilience is a significant predictor of psychological well-being. Analysis according to four-stage regression-based mediation model showed that resilience has a full mediator effect on the relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and psychological well-being. The mediator effect was confirmed with the Sobel test performed to test whether this effect was statistically significant.

Keywords

intolerance of uncertainty resilience psychological well-being pandemic covid-19

References

  • Abbas, A. M., & Kamel, M. M. (2020). Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity Medicine, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100254
  • Armutlu, İ. (2019). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, dürtüsellik, ruminasyon ve genel erteleme eğiliminin psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi (Tez No. 558631) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve COVID-19. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi Ayrıntı, 8, 85.
  • Barahmand, U., & Haji, A. (2014). The impact of intolerance of uncertainty, worry and irritability on quality of life in persons with epilepsy: Irritability as mediator. Epilepsy research, 108(8), 1335-1344.
  • Baron, M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/00223514.51.6.1173
  • Basım, H. N., & Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği›nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(2), 104-114. https://www.olcekaramamotoru.com/attachments/detay/yetiskinler-icin-psikolojik-dayaniklilik-olceginin-guvenilirlik-ve-gecerlilikcalismasi_133000528209869890.pdf
  • Bektaş, M., & Özben, Ş. (2016). Evli bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin bazı sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 215-240. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.16929
  • Bensimon, M. (2012). Elaboration on the association between trauma, PTSD and post traumatic growth: The role of trait resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 52,7, 782787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.011
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(20)30460-8
  • Bonanno, G. A., Ho, S. M., Chan, J. C., Kwong, R. S., Cheung, C. K., Wong, C. P., & Wong, V. C. (2008). Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychology, 27(5), 659. https://doi.org/10.1037/02786133.27.5.659
  • Botou, A., Mylonakou-Keke, I., Kalouri, O. & Tsergas, N. (2017). Primary school teachers’ resilience during the economic crisis in Greece. Psychology, 8(1), 131- 159. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.81009
  • Bozdağ, F., & Ergün, N. (2021). Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Reports, 124(6), 25667-2586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477
  • Bozkurt, D., & Levent, A., F. (2021). Öğretmenlerin psikolojik dayanıklılık ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 44(18), 79688000. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.937692
  • Buhr K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Buhr, K. E. (2001). Examination of the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University).
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
  • Cengiz, İ., Ergün, D., & Çakıcı, E. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and psychological resilience in Syrian refugees: Hatay, Turkey. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 269-276. https://www.alpha-psychiatry.com/Content/files/sayilar/60/269-276.pdf
  • Deniz, M. E. (2021). Self-compassion, intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID-19, and wellbeing: A serial mediation investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110824
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-0099493-y
  • Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00070-3
  • Durak Batıgün, A., & Şenkal Ertürk, İ. (2021). COVID-19 associated psychological symptoms in Turkish population: A path model. Current Psychology 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02026-6
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020, Mart 11). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/whodirector-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefingon-COVID-19---11-march-2020
  • Elmas, L., Yüceant, M., Ünlü, H., & Bahadır, Z. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sportive, 4(1), 1-17.
  • Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2011). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts and theory. Journal of Controlled Release, 156, 315-322.
  • Freeston, M., Tiplady, A., Mawn, L., Bottesi, G., & Thwaites, S. (2020). Towards a model of uncertainty distress in the context of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X2000029X
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143
  • Geçgin, F. M., & Sahranç, Ü. (2017). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki İlişki. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7(4), 739-755. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.383737
  • Graber, R., Pichon, F., & Carabine, E. (2015). Psychological resilience.London: Overseas Development Institute, 3-27. Gürbüz, S., & Bayık, M. E. (2018). Aracılık modellerinin analizinde modern yaklaşım: Baron ve Kenny Yöntemi artık terk edilmeli mi? 6. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 2-3 Kasım 2018/Isparta.
  • Hillen, M. A., Gutheil, C. M., Strout, T. D., Smets, E. M., & Han, P. K. (2017). Tolerance of uncertainty: Conceptual analysis, integrative model, and implications for healthcare. Social science & medicine, 180, 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.024
  • Kahn, E., Sheldon, J. P., Carmichael, A., & Yashar, B. M. (2021). Graduate training during the COVID-19 pandemic: North American genetic counseling students’ challenges, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological well-being. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 30(5), 1325-1335. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1501
  • Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the COVID pandemic in Turkey and COVID-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde kaygı ile maneviyat, psikolojik sağlamlık ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 599-614. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44284
  • Kermen, U., Tosun, N. İ., & Doğan, U. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik iyi oluşun yordayıcısı olarak sosyal kaygı. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 20-29.
  • Killgore, W. D. S., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A., & Dailey, N. S. (2020). Psychological resilience during the COVID-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216
  • Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1037//00223514.37.1.1
  • Koffman, J., Gross, J., Etkind, S. N., & Selman, L. (2020). Uncertainty and COVID-19: How are we to respond? Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, 113(6), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076820930665
  • Koorner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: The role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 619-638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9125-2
  • Lee, J. S. (2019). Effect of resilience on intolerance of uncertainty in nursing university students. Nursing Forum, 54:53-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12297
  • Li, Y., Cao, F., Cao, D., & Liu, J. (2015). Nursing students’ post-traumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(5), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12192
  • Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
  • Mitmansgruber, H., Smrekar, U., Rabanser, B., Beck, T., Eder, J., & Ellemunter, H. (2016). Psychological resilience and intolerance of uncertainty in coping with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis. 15, 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2016.08.003
  • Parlak, S., Tunç, E. B., Eryiğit, D., & Uluman, M. (2022). Relationships between hostility, resilience, and intolerance of uncertainty: A structural equation modeling. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2022.1.1
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Pietrabissa, G., & Simpson, S. G. (2020). Psychological consequences of social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
  • Polatçı, S., & Tınaz, Z., D. (2021). Kişilik özelliklerinin psikolojik dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 36(17), 2890-2917. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.827411
  • Recepoğlu, E., & Ülker-Tümlü, G. (2013). Üniversite akademik personelinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Öğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 3 (3), 205-213.
  • Reger, M. A., Stanley, I. H., & Joiner, T. E., (2020). Suicide mortality and corona virus disease 2019—A perfect storm? Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060
  • Rehman, S. U., Ullah, R., Imran, M., Iqbal, K., Saleem, Z., & Khattak, S. R. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental well-being: Important role of loneliness and fear of COVID-19: Evidence from Higher Educational Institutions. Multicult. Educ, 7, 147-154.
  • Rosen, N. O., & Knäuper, B. (2009). A little uncertainty goes a long way: State and trait differences in uncertainty interact to increase information seeking but also increase worry. Health communication, 24(3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230902804125
  • Rossi, A., Panzeri, A., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G. M., Castelnuovo, G., & Mannarini, S. (2020). The anxiety-buffer hypothesis in the time of COVID-19: when self-esteem protects from the impact of loneliness and fear on anxiety and depression. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177
  • Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (2003). Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving. In Keyes, C. L. M., & Haidt, J. (Ed.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life welllived (pp.15-36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10594-001
  • Saatçı, E. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde mükemmeliyetçilik, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın kendini engelleme üzerindeki etkisi (Tez No. 609668) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social ScienceJournal, 1(3), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-02000305-0
  • Sexton, K. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2009). Defining distinct negative beliefs about uncertainty: Validating the factor structure of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015827
  • Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological inflexibility and intolerance of uncertainty moderate the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 18, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005
  • Soanes, C., & Stevenson, A. (2006). Oxford dictionary of English (2nd Ed). Oxford University Press.
  • Şenol, L., & Üzüm, B. (2019). Özel sağlık kurumları çalışanlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık ve yabancılaşma düzeyleri. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11 (2), 1098-1102. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.658
  • Tang, W. K. (2019). Resilience and self-compassion related with achievement emotions, test anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and academic achievement. Psychological Studies, 64(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00482-6
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384.
  • Thabet, A. A. M., Elhelou M. W., & Vostanis P. (2015). Exposure to war traumatic experiences, posttraumatic growth and resilience among university students in Gaza. AJAMS, 1, 1-8.
  • Toro, R. A., Avendaño-Prieto, B. L., & Vargas, N. (2019). Transdiagnostic model of anxiety and depression according to the relationship with affect, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety sensitivity. Revista CES Psicología, 13(1), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.1.9
  • Tönbül, Ö. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını sonrası 20-60 yaş arası bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 159-174. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hp/issue/54982/730460
  • Trani, M. D., Mariani, R., Ferri, R., De Berardinis, D. D., & Frigo, M. G. (2021). From resilience to burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency: The role of the ability to tolerate uncertainty. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646435
  • Uçar, E. (2018). Psikolojik iyi oluş yordayıcısı olarak dindarlık, evlilik doyumu ve problem çözme (Tez No. 504159) [Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Üzar Özçetin, Y. S., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4), 388- 397. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.290285
  • Valle, M. V., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Yerro-Avincetto, M., López-Morales, H., & CanetJuric, L. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty over COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1335
  • Wei, J., Gong, Y., Wang, X., Shi, J., Ding, H., Zhang, M., Kang, C., Yu, Y., Wang, S., Shao, N., Chen, L., & Han, J. (2021). Gender differences in the relationships between different types of childhood trauma and resilience on depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 148, 106523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106523
  • Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2022). Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19. Current psychology, 41(8), 5712-5722.https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vpu5q
  • Zhang, F., Or, P., & Chung, J. (2021). How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well-being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours. Health Expect, 24(2), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13208
There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şeymanur Dönmez 0000-0003-2050-2473

Büşra Kavla 0000-0001-8743-9873

Publication Date April 26, 2025
Submission Date June 10, 2024
Acceptance Date July 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dönmez, Ş., & Kavla, B. (2025). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın Aracılık Rolü: Türkiye’de Covid-19 Kapanma Dönemi Örneği. Topkapı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 26-43.
 Download Cover Image