Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Investigation Of the Effect of COVID-19 Period on People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 55, 26.04.2025

Begüm Çalışkan , Melike Ceylan

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, especially people with psychiatric illnesses who fall into groups that are more sensitive to the effects of the pandemic, have been affected by this epidemic to varying degrees. It aims to investigate to what extent patients diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are affected by the restrictions and measures imposed by the pandemic in the COVID-19 pandemic compared to healthy people and whether their attitudes about the pandemic are different from the general society. It also aims to learn how obsessive-compulsive symptoms have changed in the pandemic and the factors that may be related to this change. This study will analyze the effects of the pandemic on OCD by scanning the available literature and synthesizing the findings of previous studies. In addition, based on the research findings, this study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the following: it determines the experiences of individuals with OCD during the pandemic process and the appropriate support and interventions for these experiences. It is thought that it will make an important contribution to understanding the experiences of individuals with OCD during the pandemic process and providing appropriate support for these experiences. This study will be an important step to better support this population by taking into account the unique circumstances during the pandemic process when addressing the difficulties experienced by individuals with OCD.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemic Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsession Compulsion

References

  • American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • Altın, M., & Gençöz, T. (2009). Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Düşünce Eylem Kaynaşması. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies, 9(1), 1–12.
  • Benatti, B., Albert, U., Maina, G., Fiorillo, A., Celebre, L., Girone, N., Fineberg, N., Bramante, S., Rigardetto, S., & Dell’Osso, B. (2020). What Happened to Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Multicentre Report From Tertiary Clinics in Northern Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00720
  • Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Kelmendi, B., Dombrowski, P. T., Weg, J. G., & Leckman, J. F. (2010). Systematic review: Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(6), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00008
  • Carvalho, S., Coelho, C. G., Kluwe-Schiavon, B., Magalhães, J., & Leite, J. (2022). The Acute Impact of the Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9),5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095140
  • Carmi, L., Tendler, A., Bystritsky, A., Hollander, E., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, J., ... & Zohar, J. (2019). Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(11), 931-938. https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101180
  • Cilliçilli AS, Telcioglu M, Aşkin R, Kaya N, Bodur S, Kucur R. Twelve-month prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Konya, Turkey. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.06.009
  • Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zbozinek, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Anderson, R. (2008). Optimizing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: An inhibitory learning and cognitive approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003
  • Erol, N., Simşek, Z., & Kılıç, C. (1998). Türkiye Ruh Sağlığı Profili: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Prevalansı ve Sosyodemografik Özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 9(3), 157–182. https://www.turkpsikiyatri. com/Data/UnpublishedArticles/oy47h7.pdf
  • Magnetic Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. The American journal of psychiatry, 176(11), 931–938. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101180
  • Fawcett, E. J., Power, H., & Fawcett, J. M. (2020). Women Are At Greater Risk of OCD Than Men: A Meta-Analytic Review of OCD Prevalence Worldwide. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 81(4), 19r13085. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19r13085
  • Fontenelle, L.F., Mendlowicz, M.V., Versiani, M. (2006). The Descriptive Epidemiology Of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 30(3), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.001
  • Grob, G. N. (1991). Origins of DSM-I: a study in appearance and reality. The American journal of psychiatry, 148(4), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.4.421
  • Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S., Lau, E. H., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, Z., Chen, Q., Li, D., Shen, H., Yang, Q., Wang, Q., Zhou, S., Yang, B., Chen, C., Li, J., Liao, G., Shen, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhan, Q., Deng, Z., Li, Y., Liu, L., Ma, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Yang, J., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Liang, K., Li, H., Bu, X., Li, X., Cao, L., Liu, J., Gao, Y., Li, B., Qiu, C., Bao, W., Zhang, S.,Hu, X., Xing, H., Gong, Q., & Huang, X. (2021). Efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 11(1), 332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01453-0
  • Mashour, G. A., Walker, E. E., & Martuza, R. L. (2005). Psychosurgery: past, present, and future. Brain research. Brain research reviews, 48(3), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.09.002
  • Nezgovorova, V., Ferretti, C. J., Pallanti, S., & Hollander, E. (2021). Modulating neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 276-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.019
  • Öst, L.-G., Riise, E. N., Wergeland, G. J., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015). Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive-compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993-2014. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.003
  • Pichot, P. (1986). Le DSM-III: troisième édition du manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux de l’Association américaine de psychiatrie [DSM-III: the 3d edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders from the American Psychiatric Association]. Revueneurologique, 142(5), 489–499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3787052
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health (2022). The status of the Omicron Variant in Turkey. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,86954/omicron-varyantinin-%20turkiyedekison- durumuna-iliskinaciklama-25122021.html
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health (2022). COVID-19 vaccine information platform daily vaccine data. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessivecompulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular psychiatry, 15(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.94
  • Russell, E. J., Fawcett, J. M., & Mazmanian, D. (2013). Risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnant and postpartum women: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12r07917
  • Samuels, J., Holingue, C., Nestadt, P. S., Bienvenu, O. J., Phan, P., & Nestadt, G. (2021). Contamination-related behaviors, obsessions, and compulsions during the COVID19 pandemic in a United States population sample. Journal of psychiatric research, 138, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.064
  • Schiffer, M. (2018). Shedding light on health anxiety OCD.Sheppard Pratt. https://www.sheppardpratt.org/news-views/story/shedding-light-on-healthanxiety- ocd/
  • Sharma, S., Sivakumaran, T., Fineberg, N. A., & Sahakian, B. J. (2021). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder co-occurring in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 29(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000287
  • Sheu, J. C., McKay, D., & Storch, E. A. (2020). COVID-19 and OCD: Potential impact of exposure and response prevention therapy. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102314
  • Silva Neto, R. M., Benjamim, C. J. R., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., & Neto, M. L. R. (2021). Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 104,110062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110062
  • Stein, D. J., Costa, D. L. C., Lochner, C., Miguel, E. C., Reddy, Y. C. J., Shavitt, R. G., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Simpson, H. B. (2019). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 5(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0102-3
  • Taylor., S. (2022). The Psychology of Pandemics. Annual review of clinical psychology, 18, 581–609. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-020131
  • Torres, A. R., Prince, M. J., Bebbington, P. E., Bhugra, D., Brugha, T. S., Farrell, M., Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Meltzer, H., & Singleton, N. (2006). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. The American journal of psychiatry, 163(11). https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1978
  • Torresan, R. C., Ramos-Cerqueira, A. T., Shavitt, R. G., do Rosário, M. C., de Mathis, M. A., Miguel, E. C., & Torres, A. R. (2013). Symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry research, 209(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.006
  • Treggiari, D., Ceschi, A., & Battegay, M. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test in comparison to RT-PCR targeting different genes: A real-life evaluation among unselected patients in a regional hospital of Italy. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(10), 6538-6543. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27209
  • Van Ameringen, M., Patterson, B., Turna, J., Lethbridge, G., Goldman Bergmann, C. (2022). Obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of psychiatric research, 149, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.001
  • Vicheva, D., Kirov, G., & Vassilev, Z. (2019). Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00001
  • Wheaton, G.M., Ward, E.H., Silber, A., McIngvale, E., Björgvinsson, T. (2021). How Is The COVID-19 Pandemic Affecting Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Symptoms?. Journal of anxiety disorders, 81. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618521000578
  • Wholistic Health (2023). What Are Ocd Mental Rituals?Wholistic Health. https://wholistictelehealth.org/what-are-ocd-mental-rituals-theodore-al/
  • World Health Organization (2010). What Is a Pandemic?. Availableonline at: https:// www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/
  • WHO (2022). WHO Coronavirus (covid-19) Dashboard. WHO Data. https://covid19.who.int/
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 323(13), 1239–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648

Covid-19 Döneminin Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluğu Olan Kişiler Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 55, 26.04.2025

Begüm Çalışkan , Melike Ceylan

Abstract

COVID-19 salgını, özellikle pandeminin etkilerine daha duyarlı gruplara giren psikiyatrik hastalıkları olan kişiler bu salgından değişik derecelerde etkilenmiştir. Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk (OKB) tanısı konan hastaların COVID-19 pandemisinde pandeminin uyguladığı kısıtlama ve önlemlerden sağlıklı insanlara göre ne ölçüde etkilendiğini ve pandemi hakkındaki tutumlarının genel toplumdan farklı olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca pandemide obsesif kompulsif semptomların nasıl değiştiğini ve bu değişiklikle ilişkili olabilecek faktörleri öğrenmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, mevcut literatürü tarayarak ve önceki çalışmaların bulgularını sentezleyerek pandeminin OKB üzerindeki etkilerini analiz edecektir. Ek olarak, araştırma bulgularına dayanarak, bu çalışma aşağıdakiler hakkında derinlemesine bir anlayış kazanmayı amaçlamaktadır: Pandemi sürecinde okb'li bireylerin deneyimlerini ve bu deneyimler için uygun destek ve müdahaleleri belirler. Pandemi sürecinde okb'li bireylerin deneyimlerinin anlaşılmasına ve bu deneyimlere uygun desteğin sağlanmasına önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, okb'li bireylerin yaşadığı zorlukları ele alırken pandemi sürecindeki benzersiz koşulları dikkate alarak bu popülasyonu daha iyi desteklemek için önemli bir adım olacaktır.

Keywords

Covid-19 Salgını Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Saplantı Zorlantı

References

  • American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • Altın, M., & Gençöz, T. (2009). Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Düşünce Eylem Kaynaşması. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies, 9(1), 1–12.
  • Benatti, B., Albert, U., Maina, G., Fiorillo, A., Celebre, L., Girone, N., Fineberg, N., Bramante, S., Rigardetto, S., & Dell’Osso, B. (2020). What Happened to Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Multicentre Report From Tertiary Clinics in Northern Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00720
  • Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Kelmendi, B., Dombrowski, P. T., Weg, J. G., & Leckman, J. F. (2010). Systematic review: Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(6), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00008
  • Carvalho, S., Coelho, C. G., Kluwe-Schiavon, B., Magalhães, J., & Leite, J. (2022). The Acute Impact of the Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9),5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095140
  • Carmi, L., Tendler, A., Bystritsky, A., Hollander, E., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, J., ... & Zohar, J. (2019). Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(11), 931-938. https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101180
  • Cilliçilli AS, Telcioglu M, Aşkin R, Kaya N, Bodur S, Kucur R. Twelve-month prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Konya, Turkey. DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.06.009
  • Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zbozinek, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Anderson, R. (2008). Optimizing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: An inhibitory learning and cognitive approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003
  • Erol, N., Simşek, Z., & Kılıç, C. (1998). Türkiye Ruh Sağlığı Profili: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Prevalansı ve Sosyodemografik Özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 9(3), 157–182. https://www.turkpsikiyatri. com/Data/UnpublishedArticles/oy47h7.pdf
  • Magnetic Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. The American journal of psychiatry, 176(11), 931–938. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101180
  • Fawcett, E. J., Power, H., & Fawcett, J. M. (2020). Women Are At Greater Risk of OCD Than Men: A Meta-Analytic Review of OCD Prevalence Worldwide. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 81(4), 19r13085. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19r13085
  • Fontenelle, L.F., Mendlowicz, M.V., Versiani, M. (2006). The Descriptive Epidemiology Of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 30(3), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.001
  • Grob, G. N. (1991). Origins of DSM-I: a study in appearance and reality. The American journal of psychiatry, 148(4), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.4.421
  • Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S., Lau, E. H., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, Z., Chen, Q., Li, D., Shen, H., Yang, Q., Wang, Q., Zhou, S., Yang, B., Chen, C., Li, J., Liao, G., Shen, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhan, Q., Deng, Z., Li, Y., Liu, L., Ma, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Yang, J., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Liang, K., Li, H., Bu, X., Li, X., Cao, L., Liu, J., Gao, Y., Li, B., Qiu, C., Bao, W., Zhang, S.,Hu, X., Xing, H., Gong, Q., & Huang, X. (2021). Efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 11(1), 332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01453-0
  • Mashour, G. A., Walker, E. E., & Martuza, R. L. (2005). Psychosurgery: past, present, and future. Brain research. Brain research reviews, 48(3), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.09.002
  • Nezgovorova, V., Ferretti, C. J., Pallanti, S., & Hollander, E. (2021). Modulating neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 276-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.019
  • Öst, L.-G., Riise, E. N., Wergeland, G. J., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015). Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive-compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993-2014. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.003
  • Pichot, P. (1986). Le DSM-III: troisième édition du manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux de l’Association américaine de psychiatrie [DSM-III: the 3d edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders from the American Psychiatric Association]. Revueneurologique, 142(5), 489–499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3787052
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health (2022). The status of the Omicron Variant in Turkey. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,86954/omicron-varyantinin-%20turkiyedekison- durumuna-iliskinaciklama-25122021.html
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health (2022). COVID-19 vaccine information platform daily vaccine data. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessivecompulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular psychiatry, 15(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.94
  • Russell, E. J., Fawcett, J. M., & Mazmanian, D. (2013). Risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnant and postpartum women: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12r07917
  • Samuels, J., Holingue, C., Nestadt, P. S., Bienvenu, O. J., Phan, P., & Nestadt, G. (2021). Contamination-related behaviors, obsessions, and compulsions during the COVID19 pandemic in a United States population sample. Journal of psychiatric research, 138, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.064
  • Schiffer, M. (2018). Shedding light on health anxiety OCD.Sheppard Pratt. https://www.sheppardpratt.org/news-views/story/shedding-light-on-healthanxiety- ocd/
  • Sharma, S., Sivakumaran, T., Fineberg, N. A., & Sahakian, B. J. (2021). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder co-occurring in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 29(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000287
  • Sheu, J. C., McKay, D., & Storch, E. A. (2020). COVID-19 and OCD: Potential impact of exposure and response prevention therapy. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102314
  • Silva Neto, R. M., Benjamim, C. J. R., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., & Neto, M. L. R. (2021). Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 104,110062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110062
  • Stein, D. J., Costa, D. L. C., Lochner, C., Miguel, E. C., Reddy, Y. C. J., Shavitt, R. G., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Simpson, H. B. (2019). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 5(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0102-3
  • Taylor., S. (2022). The Psychology of Pandemics. Annual review of clinical psychology, 18, 581–609. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-020131
  • Torres, A. R., Prince, M. J., Bebbington, P. E., Bhugra, D., Brugha, T. S., Farrell, M., Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Meltzer, H., & Singleton, N. (2006). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. The American journal of psychiatry, 163(11). https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1978
  • Torresan, R. C., Ramos-Cerqueira, A. T., Shavitt, R. G., do Rosário, M. C., de Mathis, M. A., Miguel, E. C., & Torres, A. R. (2013). Symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry research, 209(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.006
  • Treggiari, D., Ceschi, A., & Battegay, M. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test in comparison to RT-PCR targeting different genes: A real-life evaluation among unselected patients in a regional hospital of Italy. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(10), 6538-6543. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27209
  • Van Ameringen, M., Patterson, B., Turna, J., Lethbridge, G., Goldman Bergmann, C. (2022). Obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of psychiatric research, 149, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.001
  • Vicheva, D., Kirov, G., & Vassilev, Z. (2019). Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00001
  • Wheaton, G.M., Ward, E.H., Silber, A., McIngvale, E., Björgvinsson, T. (2021). How Is The COVID-19 Pandemic Affecting Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Symptoms?. Journal of anxiety disorders, 81. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618521000578
  • Wholistic Health (2023). What Are Ocd Mental Rituals?Wholistic Health. https://wholistictelehealth.org/what-are-ocd-mental-rituals-theodore-al/
  • World Health Organization (2010). What Is a Pandemic?. Availableonline at: https:// www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/
  • WHO (2022). WHO Coronavirus (covid-19) Dashboard. WHO Data. https://covid19.who.int/
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 323(13), 1239–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Begüm Çalışkan 0009-0005-9406-149X

Melike Ceylan

Publication Date April 26, 2025
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date September 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çalışkan, B., & Ceylan, M. (2025). Investigation Of the Effect of COVID-19 Period on People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Topkapı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 44-55.
 Download Cover Image