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Yetişkin Bireylerde Erken Dönem Uyum Bozucu Şema Alanları ile Narsisizm İlişkisinde Empatinin Aracı Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 96 - 113, 26.04.2025

Yaprak Kılıç , Nilgün Onnar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yetişkin bireylerde erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanları ile narsisizm arasındaki ilişkide empatinin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında literatür ışığında oluşturulan hipotezi test edebilmek amacıyla 258 kadın, 147 erkek, 2 bu gruplara dahil olmayan toplam 407 katılımcıya Young Şema Ölçeği-Kısa Form 3, Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri (NKE)- 13 ve Temel Empati Ölçeğinden oluşan bir batarya uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanları ile narsisizm arasında düşük ve orta düzey pozitif ilişkiler; empati arasında ise düşük ve orta düzey negatif korelasyonlar saptanmıştır. Narsisizm ile empati arasında düşük düzeyde negatif ilişki görülmüştür. Gerçekleştirilen araştırma kapsamında elde edilen yapısal modelde erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanları ile narsisizm arasındaki ilişkide empatinin kısmi aracılık rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolaylı etki incelendiğinde, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu bulgular sonucunda saptanmıştır.

Keywords

erken dönem uyum bozucu şema narsisizm empati

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul izni İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü 01.03.2024 tarih ve 2024/04 sayılı toplantısında E-69396709-050.04-560963 sayısı ile alınmıştır.

References

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  • Aras, İ. (2022). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı. Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar, Narsisizm ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Arasindaki Ilişkinin Incelenmesi. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi.
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  • Bartlett, H. M. (2003). Working definition of social work practice. Research on social work practice, 13(3), 267-270. Baskin-Sommers, A., Krusemark, E., & Ronningstam, E. (2014). Empathy in Narcissistic Personality Disorder: From Clinical and Empirical Perspectives. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000061.
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  • Bowlby, J. (1998). Attachment and Loss Volume 2. Pimilico. Bowlby, J. (2020). Bağlanma (T. V. Soylu, Çev.;4. baskı). Pinhan Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 1983).
  • Brummelman, E., Thomaes S., Nelemans S. A., de Castro B. O., Overbeek G. & Bushman B,J. (2015). Origins of Narcissism in Children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(12), 3659–3662. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420870112 .
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  • Develi, M. H. (2022). Nesne İlişkileri ile Empati ve Zihin Kuramı Arasındaki İlişkide Narsisizmin Aracı Rolü. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi.
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  • Jonason, P. K., & Krause , L. (2013). The Emotional Deficits Associated With the Dark Triad Traits: Cognitive Empathy, Affective Empathy, and Alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
  • Karaaziz, M., & Atak, İ. E. (2013). Narsisizm ve narsisizmle ilgili araştirmalar üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 44-59. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-02-03
  • Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2022). Hepsini İstiyorum, Hemen İstiyorum (3.baskı). Psikonet.
  • Kernberg, O. (1967). Borderline Personality Organization. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 15(3), 641-685. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306516701500309
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  • Kohut, H. (1968). The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorders. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 23(1), 86-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1968.11822951
  • Kohut, H. (1998). Kendiliğin Yeniden Yapılandırılması (O.Cebeci; 1.baskı). Metis Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 1977).
  • Kring A.M., Johnson S.L., Davison G., Neale J. (2019). Anormal Psikolojisi (M.Şahin Çev.; 12. baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2013).
  • Lubit, R. (2002). The Long-term Organizational Impact of Destructively Narcissistic Managers. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2002.6640218
  • Maslow, A. H. (2000). İnsan Olmanın Psikolojisi (O. Gündüz, Çev.; 8. baskı) Kuraldışı Yayıncılık. (1962).
  • Mirovic, T., & Meskovic, D. (2017). Explaining Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSS): Connections Between Ems and Basic Personality Dimensions, Affective Attachment Styles and Empathy. Advances in Psychology Research, 1-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317778941.
  • Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 421-446. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial Construction and Validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. American Psychological Association, 21(3), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016530
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  • Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., Lammers C., Heekeren H.R., Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187(1-2), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013
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  • Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A., & Çakır, Z. (2009). Assessment of Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Psychometric Study of the Turkish Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form-3. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 75-84 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19306129/
  • Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel İlkeler ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks.
  • Thompson, K. L., & Gullone, E. (2003). Promotion of Empathy and Prosocial Behaviour in Children Through Humane Education. Australian Psychologist, 38(3), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060310001707187
  • Topcu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çapa-Aydın, Y. (2010). Temel Empati Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(34), 174-182.https://l24.im/H0Yz6Gw
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The Mediating Role Of Empathy The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schema Domains And Narcissism

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 96 - 113, 26.04.2025

Yaprak Kılıç , Nilgün Onnar

Abstract

This study examined the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between early maladaptive schema domains and narcissism in adults. We administered the Young Schema Scale-Short Form 3, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)-13, and the Basic Empathy Scale to a total of 407 people, comprising 258 women, 147 men, and 2 individuals who did not fall into any of these categories. This was done to test the hypothesis based on the literature. The study revealed low and moderate positive correlations between early maladaptive schema domains and narcissism, as well as low and moderate negative correlations between empathy. The study observed a low-level negative relationship between narcissism and empathy. The research's structural model revealed that empathy partially mediates the relationship between early maladaptive schema domains and narcissism. When the indirect effect was analyzed, it was found to be statistically significant.

Keywords

early maladaptive schemas narcissism empathy

References

  • Andreassen, C. S., Ursin, H., & Pallesen, S. (2012). The Relationship of Narcissism With Workaholism, Work Engagement, and Professional Position. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40(6), 881-190. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.6.881.
  • Aras, İ. (2022). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı. Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar, Narsisizm ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Arasindaki Ilişkinin Incelenmesi. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi.
  • Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1981). The empathy cycle: Refinement of a nuclear concept. Journal of counseling psychology, 28(2), 91.
  • Bartlett, H. M. (2003). Working definition of social work practice. Research on social work practice, 13(3), 267-270. Baskin-Sommers, A., Krusemark, E., & Ronningstam, E. (2014). Empathy in Narcissistic Personality Disorder: From Clinical and Empirical Perspectives. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000061.
  • Behary, W. T. (2022). Narsisist ile Ateşkes (N. A. Melis Caner, Çev.;11.baskı.). Psikonet Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 2008).
  • Bowlby, J. (1998). Attachment and Loss Volume 2. Pimilico. Bowlby, J. (2020). Bağlanma (T. V. Soylu, Çev.;4. baskı). Pinhan Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 1983).
  • Brummelman, E., Thomaes S., Nelemans S. A., de Castro B. O., Overbeek G. & Bushman B,J. (2015). Origins of Narcissism in Children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(12), 3659–3662. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420870112 .
  • Bricker, D. C., & Young, J. E. (2012). A client’s guide to schema therapy. Schema Therapy Institute, 1-24. https://l24.im/O6ikdc
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). “Anket Geliştirme”. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2). 133-148. Davidov, M., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Untangling the Links of Parental Responsiveness to Distress and Warmth to Child Outcomes. Child Development, 77(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x.
  • Develi, M. H. (2022). Nesne İlişkileri ile Empati ve Zihin Kuramı Arasındaki İlişkide Narsisizmin Aracı Rolü. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi.
  • Dilsiz, N. (2022). Yetişkinlerde Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumlarının Empati Düzeyi ile İlişkisi. (Tez No. 727130) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Doğan, U., & Çolak, T. S. (2020). Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri-13 (NKE-13)’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. International Journal of Society Researches,15(26) 4168-4184. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.635725.
  • Dökmen, Ü. (2005). İletişim Çatışmaları ve Empati (31.baskı.). Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Falkenbach, D. M., Howe, J. R., & Falki, M. (2013). Using Self-esteem to Disaggregate Psychopathy, Narcissism, and Aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 815-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.017.
  • Gentile, B., D. Miller, J., J. Hoffman, B., E. Reidy, D., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. (2013). A Test of Two Brief Measures of Grandiose Narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality.
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D. L. ve Lomax, R. G. (2020). Statistical concepts- a first course. Routledge. Hoffart, A., Versland, S., & Sexton, H. (2002). Self-Understanding, Empathy, Guided Discovery, and Schema Belief in Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy of Personality Inventory-13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. American Psychological Assessment, 1120-1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033192
  • Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 589-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
  • Jonason, P. K., & Krause , L. (2013). The Emotional Deficits Associated With the Dark Triad Traits: Cognitive Empathy, Affective Empathy, and Alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
  • Karaaziz, M., & Atak, İ. E. (2013). Narsisizm ve narsisizmle ilgili araştirmalar üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 44-59. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-02-03
  • Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2022). Hepsini İstiyorum, Hemen İstiyorum (3.baskı). Psikonet.
  • Kernberg, O. (1967). Borderline Personality Organization. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 15(3), 641-685. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306516701500309
  • Kernberg, O. (2004). Borderline Conditions and Patholohical Narcissism. Oxford: Rowman andLittlefieldPublisher.https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Borderline_Condition s_and_ Pathological_N.html?id=VFw_I_MZCV4C&redir_esc=y
  • Kohut, H. (1959). Introspection, Empathy, and Psychoanalysis An Examination of the Relationship between Mode of Observation and Theory. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 7(3),459-482. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306515900700304
  • Kohut, H. (1968). The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorders. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 23(1), 86-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1968.11822951
  • Kohut, H. (1998). Kendiliğin Yeniden Yapılandırılması (O.Cebeci; 1.baskı). Metis Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 1977).
  • Kring A.M., Johnson S.L., Davison G., Neale J. (2019). Anormal Psikolojisi (M.Şahin Çev.; 12. baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2013).
  • Lubit, R. (2002). The Long-term Organizational Impact of Destructively Narcissistic Managers. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2002.6640218
  • Maslow, A. H. (2000). İnsan Olmanın Psikolojisi (O. Gündüz, Çev.; 8. baskı) Kuraldışı Yayıncılık. (1962).
  • Mirovic, T., & Meskovic, D. (2017). Explaining Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSS): Connections Between Ems and Basic Personality Dimensions, Affective Attachment Styles and Empathy. Advances in Psychology Research, 1-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317778941.
  • Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 421-446. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial Construction and Validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. American Psychological Association, 21(3), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016530
  • Problems: A Process–Outcome Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(2), 199-219. https://doi. org/10.1023/A:1014521819858
  • Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young, J. E. (2022). Şema Terapi-Ayırıcı Özellikler (N. A. H. Alp Karaosmanoğlu, Dü., & M. Şaşıoğlu, Çev.; 12. baskı). Psikonet Yayınları. (2010).
  • Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., Lammers C., Heekeren H.R., Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187(1-2), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013
  • Rogers, C. R. (2019). La relation d’aide et la psychothérapie. ESF Sciences humaines. Ronningstam, E. (2011). Psychoanalytic theories on narcissism and narcissistic personality. In W. K.
  • Campbell & J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 41–55). John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New York & Francis Press.
  • Sigmund, F. (2012). Narsizm Üzerine ve Schreber Vakası (S. M. Banu Büyükkal, Çev.; 4. baskı). Metis yayınları. (Orijinal eserin yayım tarihi 1977).
  • Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A., & Çakır, Z. (2009). Assessment of Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Psychometric Study of the Turkish Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form-3. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 75-84 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19306129/
  • Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel İlkeler ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks.
  • Thompson, K. L., & Gullone, E. (2003). Promotion of Empathy and Prosocial Behaviour in Children Through Humane Education. Australian Psychologist, 38(3), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060310001707187
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yaprak Kılıç 0009-0006-9417-2007

Nilgün Onnar 0000-0003-3861-801X

Publication Date April 26, 2025
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date August 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kılıç, Y., & Onnar, N. (2025). Yetişkin Bireylerde Erken Dönem Uyum Bozucu Şema Alanları ile Narsisizm İlişkisinde Empatinin Aracı Rolü. Topkapı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 96-113.
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