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Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Perspektifinden Sistem Haklılaştırma Teorisi: Uygulama Alanları ve İmkânı

Year 2025, Issue: 11, 11 - 46, 30.06.2025

Ayse Gül Güler Ünal

https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1649250

Abstract

Bu makalede, sistem haklılaştırma teorisinin manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik perspektifinden analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Konuya ilişkin oluşturulan literatüre bakıldığında sistem haklılaştırma teorisinde, bireylerin mevcut toplumsal düzeni rasyonelleştirme ve destekleme eğiliminde oldukları savunulmuştur. Bireylerin belirsizlikten kaçınma, psikolojik güvenlik ve aidiyet ihtiyacı gibi güdülerle mevcut sistemin adil olduğuna inanma eğiliminde oldukları belirtilmiştir. Ancak, bu inancın kısa sürede psikolojik rahatlama sağlarken, uzun dönemde toplumsal değişimi engelleyebileceği ve bireylerin haksızlıklara karşı mücadele etme potansiyellerini sınırlayabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Özellikle dezavantajlı grupların, sistemin adaletsizliklerine rağmen ona uyum sağlamayı tercih edebildikleri vurgulanmıştır. Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin, bireylerin manevi iyi oluşlarını destekleyen bir danışmanlık alanı olduğu düşünüldüğünde bireylerin anlam arayışlarını merkeze alarak, manevi dayanıklılıklarını artırmalarına yardımcı olduğu belirtilmiştir. Manevi dayanıklılığın, bireyin zorluklarla başa çıkma becerilerini güçlendirerek ruhsal iyilik halini artırabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Ayrıca makalede, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin bireyin mevcut sistemle olan ilişkisini anlamlandırmasına, sistem haklılaştırma eğiliminin hangi noktalarda psikolojik refaha katkı sağladığını ve hangi noktalarda bireyi sınırladığını değerlendirmesine olanak tanıyabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin bireyin statükoya uyum sağlama veya onu sorgulama süreçlerini nasıl şekillendirdiği ele alınmıştır. Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin danışanların bilişsel çelişkilerini fark etmelerine, adaletsizlikleri sorgulamalarına ve bilinçli değişim süreçlerine yönlendirilmesine destek olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Bu süreçte, bireylerin manevi dayanıklılığının artırılarak sadece bireysel psikolojik rahatlama sağlamak yerine, toplumsal farkındalık kazanmalarının da teşvik edilebileceği vurgulanmıştır. Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik, bireyin sadece mevcut düzenle psikolojik uyum sağlamasını değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal adalet arayışına katkıda bulunmasını da destekleyebilir. Böylece birey, sistemin haklı olup olmadığına dair farkındalık geliştirerek, manevi ve etik değerler çerçevesinde bilinçli kararlar alabilir. Sonuç olarak adı geçen bu teori kapsamında manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin bireylerin içsel denge sağlamasına, toplumsal eşitsizliklere karşı bilinç geliştirmesine ve gerektiğinde dönüşüm süreçlerine uyum sağlamasına katkı sunabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca sistem haklılaştırma teorisi ile manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğin kesişim noktalarının incelendiği bu makalede, bireylerin sistemsel adalet algılarını dönüştürmeye yönelik bazı somut öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik Sistem haklılaştırma teorisi Bilişsel çelişki teorisi Manevi dayanıklılık Maneviyat

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System Justification Theory from the Perspective of Spiritual Counseling and Care: Applications and Possibilities

Year 2025, Issue: 11, 11 - 46, 30.06.2025

Ayse Gül Güler Ünal

https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1649250

Abstract

This article aims to analyze system justification theory from the perspective of spiritual counseling and care. A review of the relevant literature indicates that system justification theory posits individuals have a tendency to rationalize and support the existing social order. It has been argued that people are inclined to perceive the system as just due to various psychological motivations, such as the desire to avoid uncertainty, achieve psychological security, and maintain a sense of belonging. While this belief may offer short-term psychological comfort, it has been suggested that, in the long term, it can hinder social change and limit individuals’ capacity to resist injustice. Notably, disadvantaged groups may be more likely to conform to systemic injustices rather than actively challenge them. Spiritual counseling and care, as a domain concerned with fostering spiritual well-being, is thought to enhance individuals’ spiritual resilience by supporting their search for meaning. Spiritual resilience is asserted to strengthen individuals’ ability to cope with adversity, thereby contributing to overall psychological well-being. This study also explores how spiritual counseling and care helps individuals make sense of their relationship with the existing system and examines the extent to which system-justifying tendencies may either support psychological well-being or impose certain limitations. Within this framework, the study investigates how spiritual counseling and care influences individuals’ adaptation to the status quo or their inclination to challenge it. It is proposed that spiritual counseling and care supports individuals in recognizing cognitive dissonance, questioning systemic injustices, and engaging in intentional processes of change. This process is seen not only as a means of achieving personal psychological relief but also as a pathway to fostering greater societal awareness. Furthermore, spiritual counseling and care is posited to assist individuals not only in adapting psychologically to the prevailing system but also in actively contributing to the pursuit of social justice. In doing so, individuals may develop a critical awareness of systemic legitimacy and make informed decisions grounded in spiritual and ethical values. In conclusion, this study suggests that, through the lens of System Justification Theory, spiritual counseling and care contributes to individuals’ internal equilibrium, promotes awareness of social inequities, and facilitates adaptation to transformative processes when necessary. By examining the intersection of these two frameworks, the study offers concrete recommendations for reshaping individuals’ perceptions of systemic justice.

Keywords

Spiritual counseling and care System justification theory Cognitive dissonance theory Spiritual resilience Spirituality

References

  • Ağılkaya-Şahin, Z. (2024). Navigating interreligious differences in spiritual/pastoral care: An empirical study on Turkish Muslim and German Christian spiritual/pastoral caregivers. Religions, 15(5), 571.
  • Altop, E., & Solak, N. (2021). Düşük sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki er-genlerde psikolojik iyi oluş: Sistemi meşrulaştırıcı inançların, öfke ve hayranlık duygularının rolü. AYNA Clinical Psychology Journal, 8(3), 444-488.
  • Anderson, L., & Nichols, M. D. (2022). A qualitative exploration of women’s self-knowledge and perception surrounding their reproducti-ve bodies. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 24(5), 1-15.
  • Antmen, D. (2023). Explaining the justification of violence against women based on the system justification theory. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 11(29), 503-518.
  • Asadzandi, M., Mazandarani, H. A., Saffari, M., & Khaghanizadeh, M. (2022). Effect of spiritual care based on the sound heart model on spiritual experiences of hemodialysis patients. Journal of Religion & Health, 61(3), 2056-2071.
  • Asgeirsdottir, G. H., Sigurbjörnsson, E., Traustadottir, R., Sigur-dardottir, V., Gunnarsdottir, S., & Kelly, E. (2013). “To cherish each day as it comes”: A qualitative study of spirituality among persons rece-iving palliative care. Supportive Care in Cancer, 21(5), 1445-1451.
  • Bahamondes, J., Sengupta, N. K., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2021). Examining the relational underpinnings and consequences of system‐justifying beliefs: Explaining the palliative effects of system justification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(3), 1027-1050.
  • Belen, F. Z. (2022). Manevi danışmanlıkta bibliyoterapi tekniği ve uygulanması. Grafiker Yayınları.
  • Blasi, G., & Jost, J. T. (2006). System justification theory and research: Implications for law, legal advocacy, and social justice. California Law Review, 94(4), 1119-1168.
  • Cetin, Z., & Ozen, B. (2024). Investigating spiritual care perceptions and religious coping methods among the relatives of terminally ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Turkey. BMC Pallia-tive Care, 23(1), 1-11.
  • Cook, C. C. H., & White, N. H. (2018). Resilience and the role of spirituality. https://durham-repository.worktribe.com.
  • Cortis, N., Foley, M., & Williamson, S. (2022). Change agents or defending the status quo? How senior leaders frame workplace gender equality. Gender, Work and Organization, 29(1), 205-221.
  • De Cristofaro, V., Pellegrini, V., Giacomantonio, M., Livi, S., & van Zomeren, M. (2021). Can moral convictions against gender inequality overpower system justification effects? Examining the interaction between moral conviction and system justification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(4), 1279-1302.
  • Dong, Z., Yang, T., Hou, Y., Cao, Y., & Feng, M. (2024). System-justifying belief alleviates online privacy concerns: The mediating role of relatedness satisfaction and general trust. Computers in Human Behavior, 154.
  • Duran, S., Avci, D., & Esim, F. (2020). Association between spiri-tual well-being and resilience among Turkish hemodialysis patients. Journal of Religion & Health, 59(6), 3097-3109.
  • Essien, I., Calanchini, J., & Degner, J. (2021). Moderators of intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups: A comprehensive test of predictions from system justification theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(5), 1204-1230.
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology of Religion
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayse Gül Güler Ünal 0000-0002-4854-3333

Early Pub Date June 23, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date March 1, 2025
Acceptance Date June 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 11

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APA Güler Ünal, A. G. (2025). Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Perspektifinden Sistem Haklılaştırma Teorisi: Uygulama Alanları ve İmkânı. Türk Manevi Danışmanlık Ve Rehberlik Dergisi(11), 11-46. https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1649250
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