Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

2000’li Yıllar Sonrası Lübnan-Türkiye İlişkileri ve Lübnan’da Neo-Osmanlıcılık Söylemi

Year 2023, , 103 - 125, 30.12.2023

Tuba Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1315959
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Lübnan, bağımsızlık sonrası modern dönemde ve iç savaş sonrasında Türkiye ile görünür olmayan bir ilişkiye sahip oldu. 2000’li yılların başında Türkiye’nin ilişkilerini geliştirmeye başladığı Ortadoğu ülkelerine Lübnanın da katılmasıyla birlikte görünen siyasi yakınlık Lübnan’daki istikrarsızlıklar nedeniyle zaman zaman dengesini kaybetse de ilişkiler karşılıklı müzakereler sayesinde devam etti. 2006 yılında Lübnan-İsrail savaşı sonrasında Türkiye Lübnan’a olan desteğini artırırken, 2011 Arap Baharı sonrasında ortaya çıkan krizler de Türkiye’nin Lübnan’daki dini- mezhepsel gruplarla olan ilişkilerinde daha hassas politikalar izlemesine yol açtı. Türkiye’nin bölgesel aktivizminin artmasına karşı gerek Lübnan iç politikasında gerekse de küresel alanda ortaya çıkan birtakım tepkiler, Türkiye’nin Lübnan’a yaklaşımındaki soruları da beraberinde getirdi. “Türkiye Ortadoğu’da yeni bir Osmanlı yönetimi kurmak istiyor mu?” sorusu ise Türkiye-Lübnan ilişkilerine ilişkin bazı grupların sorduğu sorulardan biriydi. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Lübnan politikasında takip ettiği siyasi yol haritasında Neo-Osmanlıcılık ve mezhepçi izlerin olup olmadığına değinilecektir. Bu doğrultuda Lübnan siyasetinde zaman zaman ortaya atılan Osmanlı karşıtı söylemlerin diplomatik anlamdaki karşılığı ve ikili ilişkilere etkisi ele alınacak, Lübnan’ın mezhepçi siyasal sistemine göre Sünni blok içerisinde yer alsa da Türkiye’nin Lübnan politikasında mezheplere karşı yürüttüğü denge analiz edilecektir.

Keywords

Türkiye Lübnan Siyaset Mezhepçilik Neo- Osmanlıcılık

References

  • Al Arab. “et ’Taiffiyyah Varaqa Turkiyya Li Ikhtiraq Lubnan.” Accessed 28 June, 2021. https://l24.im/CeE0k.
  • Al Nour. “Arslan: Al Udvan al Turki as Safir Ala Turkiya, gad Yadhoul al Mintikha al Fawda.” Accessed 27 June 2021. https://l24.im/vO2y.
  • Al-Zaydi, Mshari. “The Return of the Ottoman Empire.” Asharq Alawsat, 2 May 2009, http:// www.aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=2&id=15618.
  • Amerika’nın Sesi. “Cumhurbaşkanı Sezer Suriye'de”. Accessed 15 June 2021. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/a-17-2005-04-13-voa7- 87971207/834556.html.
  • Anadolu Agency. “West behind failed Türkiye coup bid: Ex-Hezbollah chief.” Accessed 29 June, 2021. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/Türkiye/west- behind-failed-Türkiye-coup-bid-ex-hezbollah-chief/613744.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. “Cumhurbaşkanı Y ardımcısı Oktay: Lübnan'a yardımlarımız devam edecek.” Accessed 4 October 2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/cumhurbaskani-yardimcisi-oktay-lubnana- yardimlarimiz-devam-edecek/1935601.
  • Armenian Weekly. “Armenia Sends Humanitarian Aid to Beirut, Welcomes Repatriates.” Accessed 27 July 2021, https://armenianweekly.com/2020/08/12/armenia-sends-humanitarian-aid- to-beirut-welcomes-repatriates/.
  • Asian News. “Erdogan in Beirut, a mediator on a Neo-Ottoman quest.” Accessed 27 June, 2021. http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Erdogan-in- Beirut,-a-mediator-on-a-Neo-Ottoman-quest-20088.html.
  • BBC. “İki THY Pilotu Beyrut'ta kaçırıldı.” Accessed 18 June, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/08/130809_thy_kacirma.
  • BBC. “Hariri tribunal: Türkiye and Qatar end Lebanon mediation.” Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east- 12239582.
  • Cagaptay, Soner, “The AKP's Foreign Policy: The Misnomer of "Neo- Ottomanism". Washington Institute, 24 April 2009, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/akps-foreign-policy- misnomer-neo-ottomanism.
  • Cagaptay, Soner. “Erdogan's Empire: Türkiye and the Politics of the Middle East.” Washington Institute, 10 June 2019,https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erdogans-empire- Türkiye-and-politics-middle-east.
  • Cicioğlu, Filiz. “Lübnan 2010.” Middle East Institute Sakarya University. https://ormer.sakarya.edu.tr/uploads/files/04_mey_2010_145.pdf.
  • Colborne, Michael, Edwards Maxim. “Erdogan Is Making the Ottoman Empire Great Again.” Foreign Policy, 22 June 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/22/erdogan-is-making-the-ottoman- empire-great-again/.
  • Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu. “Lübnan Ülke Raporu Mart 2014.” Accessed June 13, 2021. https://www.corlutso.org.tr/uploads/docs/lubnan_ulke_raporu.pdf.
  • European Parliament. “Turkish interference in Lebanon.” Accessed 28 June, 2021. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2021- 001694_EN.html.
  • Findley Carter V. Modern Türkiye Tarihi İslam, Milliyetçilik ve Modernlik 1789-2007. Translated by Güneş Ayas. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2012.
  • Gürler, Ahmet Yavuz, and Serap Yolcu Yavuz. “Suriye Krizine Neorealist Perspektifle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun Yaklaşımı: 1957 & 2011 Krizleri”. Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 9, no. 2 (January 2023): 207-46.
  • Haber 7, “Beyrut’un elektriğini Türkiye sağlayacak.” Accessed 20 August, 2023. https://ekonomi.haber7.com/dunya-ekonomisi/haber/991601- beyrutun-elektrigini-turkiye-saglayacak.
  • Hage Ali, Mohanad. “New Sultan on the Block.” Carnegie Middle East Center, 24 August 2020, https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/82554.
  • Halawi, Dana. “News Analysis: Economic, geopolitical factors behind France's interest in Lebanon.” Xinhua, 4 April 2020. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/04/c_139342894.htm.
  • Hürriyet. “Hizbullah Lideri Nasrallah: Bedelini ödersiniz.” Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/hizbullah-lideri-nasrallah- bedelini-odersiniz-40056018.
  • Jabbour, Jana. “Turkiya: Diblomasiyya al Quvva al Nahida.” Translated by Jan Jabbour. Qatar: Arab Center of Research & Policy Studies, 2019.
  • Kaymakçı, Oğuz. “Arap Baharı Öncesinde Kalkınma Sürecinde Seçilmiş Ülkeler Bazında Ortadoğu Ekonomileri ve Türkiye ile Ticari İlişkileri –II.” Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, no.2 (Fall 2012): 223-253.
  • Kor, Zahide Tuba. Ortadoğu’nun Aynası Lübnan. Istanbul: IHH Kitap, 2017.
  • Kuwait News Agency. “Pakistan to host meeting of seven islamic nations foreign ministers”. Accessed 24 June 2021.https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?language=en&id=1713 559#.
  • Lebanese Forces. “Erdogan Yakhtatim Ziyarataho Le Lubnan.” Accessed 22 June, 2021. https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2010/11/26/113912.
  • Loukieh, Melissa. “Lübnan’da Türkiye, Türkiye’de Lübnan İmgesi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İmge Okuryazarlığı İncelemesi.” Erciyes Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Gazetecilik Ana Bilim Dalı / Gazetecilik Bilim Dalı. 2019.
  • Nasreddin, Hala Nehad. “Erdogan Aban Jadeed Li’s Sunna?.” Daraj, 2 February 2021, https://daraj.com/65732/.
  • Osmanbaşoğlu, Gülsen Kaya. “Ortadoğu’da Barışı Tesis Etmede Neo- Osmanlıcılık Bir Seçenek Olabilir Mi?”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 5. no. 9 (Spring 2018): 1-15.
  • Orhan Aydın, Officer of Tika Beirut, Tweet Message to Author, 28 June 2021.
  • Orhan, Oytun. “The Forgotten Turks: Turkmens Of Lebanon.” Center For Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM), February 2010, https://orsam.org.tr//d_hbanaliz/Analiz_11_eng.pdf.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon. “President Aoun: “We want the Greater Lebanon for a hundred and thousand years, the country of radiation and liberties, where civilizations democracy, innovation and diversity interact, in a land of faith and heritage.” Accessed 24 June, 2021. https://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/Pages/SpeechesDetails.aspx?nid=2 5625.
  • Rabil, Robert. “Lebanon-Türkiye Relations: Reclaiming the “Sword” and “Crescent” of Islam.” Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 15, no.1 (March 2021): 84-107.
  • Reuters. “Macron says aid to blast-stricken Lebanon will not go to 'corrupt hands”. Accessed 30 July 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk- lebanon-security-blast/macron-says-aid-to-blast-stricken-lebanon-will-not- go-to-corrupt-hands-idUKKCN2520XL?edition-redirect=ca.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Relations between Türkiye and Lebanon”. Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-lebanon.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Press Release Regarding the Formation of New Government in Lebanon”. Accessed 17 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-329_-20-december-2016_-press-release- regarding-the-formation-of-new-government-in-lebanon.en.mfa.
  • Taima, Muhammad. “Erdogan Laysa Batalna.” Akhbar, 5 November 2011, https://al-akhbar.com/Opinion/97233.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ticaret Bakanlığı Dış Temsilcilikler ve Uluslararası Etkinlikler Genel Müdürlüğü. “Lübnan Ülke Profili”. Accessed 17 June 2021. https://www.deik.org.tr/uploads/lubnan-ulke-profili-2020.pdf.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. “Dışişleri Bakanı Sayın Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu’nun Lübnan Dışişleri Bakanı Sayın Cebran Bassil ile Ortak Basın Toplantısı”. Acessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/sayin- bakanimizin-lubnan-db-ile-ortak-basin-toplantisi.tr.mfa.
  • The Middle East Institute. “Turkish Foreign Policy Between Ideology and Realpolitik”. Accessed 20 June, 2021. https://www.mei.edu/resources/transcript/turkish-foreign-policy-between- ideology-and-realpolitik.
  • The National Newspaper. “Beirut explosion: Sectarian pitch rises in the aftermath of destruction”. Accessed 27 June, 2021. https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/beirut-explosion-sectarian- pitch-rises-in-the-aftermath-of-destruction-1.1061912.
  • The Wall Street Journal, “Live Updates: Failed Coup in Türkiye”. Accessed 17 June, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DISPATCHB-4504.
  • TRT World. “Lebanese Leader Blasts Arab Leaders, Evokes Ottoman Legacy in Palestine”. Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.trtworld.com/Türkiye/lebanese-leader-blasts-arab-leaders- evokes-ottoman-legacy-in-palestine-27851.
  • Yeşiltaş, Murat and Ali Balcı. “AK Parti Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası Sözlüğü: Kavramsal Bir Harita.” Bilgi 23 (Winter 2011): 9-34.
  • Yıldız, Tuba. Geleneğin Hukuku Osmanlı’nın Adaleti: Dürziler ve Maruniler. Istanbul: Vadi Yayınları, 2020.

Lebanese-Turkish Relations after the 2000s and the Neo- Ottomanist Discourse in Lebanon

Year 2023, , 103 - 125, 30.12.2023

Tuba Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1315959
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Following its independence and during the post-civil war period, Lebanon had rather inconspicuous relations with Türkiye. Despite the political affinity that arose as a result of Türkiye’s interest in Middle East countries including Lebanon in the early 2000s, bilateral relations got out of balance from time to time due to Lebanon’s instability, however, were maintained through mutual agreements. After the Lebanon-Israel war in 2006, Türkiye increased its support for Lebanon. Accordingly, the crises that appeared after the Arab Spring in the region led Türkiye to follow a sensitive policy toward the country’s sectarian groups. However, some reactions arose in Lebanon’s political arena against Türkiye’s increasing regional activism bringing several ideological questions about Türkiye’s approach toward Lebanon. Regarding the relationship between Türkiye and Lebanon, “Does Türkiye desire to establish a new Ottoman administration in the Middle East?” was one of the questions asked by some groups. Therefore, this study examines whether there are traces of Neo-Ottomanism and sectarianism in the political roadmap followed by the Turkish Government in its Lebanon policy. It discusses the diplomatic response of Türkiye to anti-Ottoman rhetoric in Lebanese politics and its effect on bilateral relations. Accordingly, the study analyzes Türkiye’s effort to maintain the balance against sectarian discourse that shapes Lebanon’s policy.

Keywords

Türkiye Lebanon Politics Sectarianism Neo- Ottomanism

References

  • Al Arab. “et ’Taiffiyyah Varaqa Turkiyya Li Ikhtiraq Lubnan.” Accessed 28 June, 2021. https://l24.im/CeE0k.
  • Al Nour. “Arslan: Al Udvan al Turki as Safir Ala Turkiya, gad Yadhoul al Mintikha al Fawda.” Accessed 27 June 2021. https://l24.im/vO2y.
  • Al-Zaydi, Mshari. “The Return of the Ottoman Empire.” Asharq Alawsat, 2 May 2009, http:// www.aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=2&id=15618.
  • Amerika’nın Sesi. “Cumhurbaşkanı Sezer Suriye'de”. Accessed 15 June 2021. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/a-17-2005-04-13-voa7- 87971207/834556.html.
  • Anadolu Agency. “West behind failed Türkiye coup bid: Ex-Hezbollah chief.” Accessed 29 June, 2021. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/Türkiye/west- behind-failed-Türkiye-coup-bid-ex-hezbollah-chief/613744.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. “Cumhurbaşkanı Y ardımcısı Oktay: Lübnan'a yardımlarımız devam edecek.” Accessed 4 October 2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/cumhurbaskani-yardimcisi-oktay-lubnana- yardimlarimiz-devam-edecek/1935601.
  • Armenian Weekly. “Armenia Sends Humanitarian Aid to Beirut, Welcomes Repatriates.” Accessed 27 July 2021, https://armenianweekly.com/2020/08/12/armenia-sends-humanitarian-aid- to-beirut-welcomes-repatriates/.
  • Asian News. “Erdogan in Beirut, a mediator on a Neo-Ottoman quest.” Accessed 27 June, 2021. http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Erdogan-in- Beirut,-a-mediator-on-a-Neo-Ottoman-quest-20088.html.
  • BBC. “İki THY Pilotu Beyrut'ta kaçırıldı.” Accessed 18 June, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/08/130809_thy_kacirma.
  • BBC. “Hariri tribunal: Türkiye and Qatar end Lebanon mediation.” Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east- 12239582.
  • Cagaptay, Soner, “The AKP's Foreign Policy: The Misnomer of "Neo- Ottomanism". Washington Institute, 24 April 2009, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/akps-foreign-policy- misnomer-neo-ottomanism.
  • Cagaptay, Soner. “Erdogan's Empire: Türkiye and the Politics of the Middle East.” Washington Institute, 10 June 2019,https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/erdogans-empire- Türkiye-and-politics-middle-east.
  • Cicioğlu, Filiz. “Lübnan 2010.” Middle East Institute Sakarya University. https://ormer.sakarya.edu.tr/uploads/files/04_mey_2010_145.pdf.
  • Colborne, Michael, Edwards Maxim. “Erdogan Is Making the Ottoman Empire Great Again.” Foreign Policy, 22 June 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/22/erdogan-is-making-the-ottoman- empire-great-again/.
  • Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu. “Lübnan Ülke Raporu Mart 2014.” Accessed June 13, 2021. https://www.corlutso.org.tr/uploads/docs/lubnan_ulke_raporu.pdf.
  • European Parliament. “Turkish interference in Lebanon.” Accessed 28 June, 2021. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2021- 001694_EN.html.
  • Findley Carter V. Modern Türkiye Tarihi İslam, Milliyetçilik ve Modernlik 1789-2007. Translated by Güneş Ayas. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2012.
  • Gürler, Ahmet Yavuz, and Serap Yolcu Yavuz. “Suriye Krizine Neorealist Perspektifle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun Yaklaşımı: 1957 & 2011 Krizleri”. Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 9, no. 2 (January 2023): 207-46.
  • Haber 7, “Beyrut’un elektriğini Türkiye sağlayacak.” Accessed 20 August, 2023. https://ekonomi.haber7.com/dunya-ekonomisi/haber/991601- beyrutun-elektrigini-turkiye-saglayacak.
  • Hage Ali, Mohanad. “New Sultan on the Block.” Carnegie Middle East Center, 24 August 2020, https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/82554.
  • Halawi, Dana. “News Analysis: Economic, geopolitical factors behind France's interest in Lebanon.” Xinhua, 4 April 2020. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/04/c_139342894.htm.
  • Hürriyet. “Hizbullah Lideri Nasrallah: Bedelini ödersiniz.” Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/hizbullah-lideri-nasrallah- bedelini-odersiniz-40056018.
  • Jabbour, Jana. “Turkiya: Diblomasiyya al Quvva al Nahida.” Translated by Jan Jabbour. Qatar: Arab Center of Research & Policy Studies, 2019.
  • Kaymakçı, Oğuz. “Arap Baharı Öncesinde Kalkınma Sürecinde Seçilmiş Ülkeler Bazında Ortadoğu Ekonomileri ve Türkiye ile Ticari İlişkileri –II.” Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, no.2 (Fall 2012): 223-253.
  • Kor, Zahide Tuba. Ortadoğu’nun Aynası Lübnan. Istanbul: IHH Kitap, 2017.
  • Kuwait News Agency. “Pakistan to host meeting of seven islamic nations foreign ministers”. Accessed 24 June 2021.https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?language=en&id=1713 559#.
  • Lebanese Forces. “Erdogan Yakhtatim Ziyarataho Le Lubnan.” Accessed 22 June, 2021. https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2010/11/26/113912.
  • Loukieh, Melissa. “Lübnan’da Türkiye, Türkiye’de Lübnan İmgesi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İmge Okuryazarlığı İncelemesi.” Erciyes Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Gazetecilik Ana Bilim Dalı / Gazetecilik Bilim Dalı. 2019.
  • Nasreddin, Hala Nehad. “Erdogan Aban Jadeed Li’s Sunna?.” Daraj, 2 February 2021, https://daraj.com/65732/.
  • Osmanbaşoğlu, Gülsen Kaya. “Ortadoğu’da Barışı Tesis Etmede Neo- Osmanlıcılık Bir Seçenek Olabilir Mi?”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 5. no. 9 (Spring 2018): 1-15.
  • Orhan Aydın, Officer of Tika Beirut, Tweet Message to Author, 28 June 2021.
  • Orhan, Oytun. “The Forgotten Turks: Turkmens Of Lebanon.” Center For Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM), February 2010, https://orsam.org.tr//d_hbanaliz/Analiz_11_eng.pdf.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon. “President Aoun: “We want the Greater Lebanon for a hundred and thousand years, the country of radiation and liberties, where civilizations democracy, innovation and diversity interact, in a land of faith and heritage.” Accessed 24 June, 2021. https://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/Pages/SpeechesDetails.aspx?nid=2 5625.
  • Rabil, Robert. “Lebanon-Türkiye Relations: Reclaiming the “Sword” and “Crescent” of Islam.” Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 15, no.1 (March 2021): 84-107.
  • Reuters. “Macron says aid to blast-stricken Lebanon will not go to 'corrupt hands”. Accessed 30 July 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk- lebanon-security-blast/macron-says-aid-to-blast-stricken-lebanon-will-not- go-to-corrupt-hands-idUKKCN2520XL?edition-redirect=ca.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Relations between Türkiye and Lebanon”. Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-lebanon.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Press Release Regarding the Formation of New Government in Lebanon”. Accessed 17 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-329_-20-december-2016_-press-release- regarding-the-formation-of-new-government-in-lebanon.en.mfa.
  • Taima, Muhammad. “Erdogan Laysa Batalna.” Akhbar, 5 November 2011, https://al-akhbar.com/Opinion/97233.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ticaret Bakanlığı Dış Temsilcilikler ve Uluslararası Etkinlikler Genel Müdürlüğü. “Lübnan Ülke Profili”. Accessed 17 June 2021. https://www.deik.org.tr/uploads/lubnan-ulke-profili-2020.pdf.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. “Dışişleri Bakanı Sayın Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu’nun Lübnan Dışişleri Bakanı Sayın Cebran Bassil ile Ortak Basın Toplantısı”. Acessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/sayin- bakanimizin-lubnan-db-ile-ortak-basin-toplantisi.tr.mfa.
  • The Middle East Institute. “Turkish Foreign Policy Between Ideology and Realpolitik”. Accessed 20 June, 2021. https://www.mei.edu/resources/transcript/turkish-foreign-policy-between- ideology-and-realpolitik.
  • The National Newspaper. “Beirut explosion: Sectarian pitch rises in the aftermath of destruction”. Accessed 27 June, 2021. https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/beirut-explosion-sectarian- pitch-rises-in-the-aftermath-of-destruction-1.1061912.
  • The Wall Street Journal, “Live Updates: Failed Coup in Türkiye”. Accessed 17 June, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DISPATCHB-4504.
  • TRT World. “Lebanese Leader Blasts Arab Leaders, Evokes Ottoman Legacy in Palestine”. Accessed 26 June, 2021. https://www.trtworld.com/Türkiye/lebanese-leader-blasts-arab-leaders- evokes-ottoman-legacy-in-palestine-27851.
  • Yeşiltaş, Murat and Ali Balcı. “AK Parti Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası Sözlüğü: Kavramsal Bir Harita.” Bilgi 23 (Winter 2011): 9-34.
  • Yıldız, Tuba. Geleneğin Hukuku Osmanlı’nın Adaleti: Dürziler ve Maruniler. Istanbul: Vadi Yayınları, 2020.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Regional Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tuba Yıldız 0000-0002-7152-4421

Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Acceptance Date October 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yıldız, T. (2023). Lebanese-Turkish Relations after the 2000s and the Neo- Ottomanist Discourse in Lebanon. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 103-125. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1315959

Cited By

SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI’NIN GÖLGESİNDE TÜRKİYE-LÜBNAN İLİŞKİLERİ
Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1540590

Creative Commons License

The published articles in TJMES are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License