Abstract
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde, çizgi film ve animasyonun endüstriyel bir süreç olarak üretilmesi 1930’lu yıllara dayanmaktadır. Bu döneme kadar üretilen çizgi filmler genellikle kısa metrajlı olup, anlatım süresi sınırlıydı. Ancak, uzun metrajlı animasyon yapımlarının üretilmeye başlanması, animatörlerin karakter tasarım süreçlerinde köklü değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Anlatı sürecinin uzaması, kurgusal karakterlerin daha derinlemesine işlenmesini gerektirmiş, dolayısıyla karakterlerin yapısal formları, hareket kabiliyetleri ve tasarım aşamalarındaki detaylar daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu süreçte, Walt Disney Stüdyoları, karakter tasarımında referans görüntüler kullanarak, animasyon üretim aşamalarını sistematik bir yapıya kavuşturmuştur. Stüdyo, animasyon sürecini farklı uzmanlık alanlarına ayırarak, her aşamanın belirli sanatçılar tarafından yürütülmesini sağlamış ve karakter tasarımında ekip çalışmasının önemini vurgulamıştır. Bir animasyon karakterinin oluşturulması yalnızca animatörlerin yeteneğiyle sınırlı kalmamış; seslendirme sanatçıları, referans görüntü aktrisleri ve senaryo yazarları gibi farklı uzmanlık alanlarından gelen sanatçılar sürece dahil edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, çizgi film ve animasyon disiplinindeki kurgusal karakter tasarım süreçlerini Walt Disney Stüdyoları bağlamında ele almakta ve seçkisiz yöntemle belirlenen kadın karakterler üzerinden incelemektedir.
Keywords
References
- Baker-Sperry, L. (2007). The Production of Meaning Through Peer Interaction: Children and Walt Disney’s Cinderella. Sex Roles, 56, pp. 717-727.
- Bell, E. (1996). Do You Believe in Fairies?: Peter Pan, Walt Disney and Me. Women's Studies in Communication. 19(2), pp. 103-126.
- Carter, C., & Carter, M. (2021). Book review: The Queens of Animation: The Untold Story of the Women Who Transformed the World of Disney and Made Cinematic History. Animation, 16(1-2), pp. 98-101.
- Collignon, S., & Friend, L. (2021). From terrible toreadors to dwarfs and princesses: Forging Disney's style of animation. New York: Nloomsbury Publishing Inc.
- Davis, A. M. (2021). Making it Disney’s Snow White. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.
- Deja, A. (2016). The Nine Old Men: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Harder, J. (2023). Creative Character Design for Games and Animation. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Kalmakurki, M. (2021). Character Costume Portrayal and the Multilayered Process of Costume Design in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). New York: Bloomsburry Publishing Inc.
- Kenworthy, J., & Iwerks, L. (2001). The Hand Behind the Mouse. New York: Disney Editions.
- Kincaid, J. L., & L. Malcom, N. (2023). Mickey’s Main Squeeze: the Gendered Portrayal of Minnie Mouse in the Early Era (1928-1935) and Modern Era (2013-2019). Feminist Media Studies, 24(4), pp. 835-850.
- Makram, N. M. (2025). Colorful Language: How Color in Disney Films Influences Character Perception in Linguistics. Journal of Scientific Research in Arts, 26(1), pp. 138-161.
- Mattesi, M. D. (2008). Character Design. U.S.A: Focal Press by Elseiver.
- Ohmer, S. (1991). 'That Rags to Riches Stuff': Disney's Cinderella and the Cultural Space of Animation. Film History, 5(2), pp. 231-249.
- Roberts, S. (2011). Character Animation Fundamentals. New York: Routledge.
- Silver, S. (2017). The Silver Way: Techniques, Tips, and Tutorials for Effective Character Design. California: Design Studio Press.
- Susanin, T. S. (2011). Walt Before Mickey: Disney's Early Years, 1919-1928. Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi.
- Tillman, B. (2019). Creative Character Design. Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Yakut, İ. (2014). Yorumlayıcı Paradigma Yaklaşımı Kavramlarıyla Sinema Sanatı Üretimine Bakış. Ulakbilge Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4), pp. 15-29.
- Zemler, E. (2022). Disney Princess: Beyond the Tiara: The Stories. The Influence. The Legacy. (Original Series). New York: Epic Inc.
Abstract
In the United States, the production of cartoons and animation as an industrial process dates back to the 1930s. Cartoons produced until this period were generally short and had limited narrative time. The introduction of featurelength productions led to significant changes in the character design process for animators. The extension of the narrative allowed for the exploration of new dimensions in the structural forms and design stages of fictional characters. During this phase, Walt Disney Studios utilized reference images in character design and divided the production stages of animations into different segments, distributing these stages among various animators. The design of a character involves more than just an animator's drawing skills; it also requires the contribution of other artists who voice the character and provide references for the visual representation that will breathe life into the character. Walt Disney Studios became a pioneering production company by integrating various areas of expertise during these stages, thus producing groundbreaking fictional characters. Animators from different specializations within the animation department applied diverse approaches to bring a character to life. Ultimately, the final decisions regarding the character were made in collaboration with the voice actor and reference image actress. This collaborative process highlighted the teambased nature of character design in animation.
Keywords
References
- Baker-Sperry, L. (2007). The Production of Meaning Through Peer Interaction: Children and Walt Disney’s Cinderella. Sex Roles, 56, pp. 717-727.
- Bell, E. (1996). Do You Believe in Fairies?: Peter Pan, Walt Disney and Me. Women's Studies in Communication. 19(2), pp. 103-126.
- Carter, C., & Carter, M. (2021). Book review: The Queens of Animation: The Untold Story of the Women Who Transformed the World of Disney and Made Cinematic History. Animation, 16(1-2), pp. 98-101.
- Collignon, S., & Friend, L. (2021). From terrible toreadors to dwarfs and princesses: Forging Disney's style of animation. New York: Nloomsbury Publishing Inc.
- Davis, A. M. (2021). Making it Disney’s Snow White. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.
- Deja, A. (2016). The Nine Old Men: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Harder, J. (2023). Creative Character Design for Games and Animation. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Kalmakurki, M. (2021). Character Costume Portrayal and the Multilayered Process of Costume Design in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). New York: Bloomsburry Publishing Inc.
- Kenworthy, J., & Iwerks, L. (2001). The Hand Behind the Mouse. New York: Disney Editions.
- Kincaid, J. L., & L. Malcom, N. (2023). Mickey’s Main Squeeze: the Gendered Portrayal of Minnie Mouse in the Early Era (1928-1935) and Modern Era (2013-2019). Feminist Media Studies, 24(4), pp. 835-850.
- Makram, N. M. (2025). Colorful Language: How Color in Disney Films Influences Character Perception in Linguistics. Journal of Scientific Research in Arts, 26(1), pp. 138-161.
- Mattesi, M. D. (2008). Character Design. U.S.A: Focal Press by Elseiver.
- Ohmer, S. (1991). 'That Rags to Riches Stuff': Disney's Cinderella and the Cultural Space of Animation. Film History, 5(2), pp. 231-249.
- Roberts, S. (2011). Character Animation Fundamentals. New York: Routledge.
- Silver, S. (2017). The Silver Way: Techniques, Tips, and Tutorials for Effective Character Design. California: Design Studio Press.
- Susanin, T. S. (2011). Walt Before Mickey: Disney's Early Years, 1919-1928. Mississippi: The University Press of Mississippi.
- Tillman, B. (2019). Creative Character Design. Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Yakut, İ. (2014). Yorumlayıcı Paradigma Yaklaşımı Kavramlarıyla Sinema Sanatı Üretimine Bakış. Ulakbilge Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4), pp. 15-29.
- Zemler, E. (2022). Disney Princess: Beyond the Tiara: The Stories. The Influence. The Legacy. (Original Series). New York: Epic Inc.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Animation |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Publication Date | July 1, 2025 |
| Submission Date | April 7, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 26, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3 |
