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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ATTACHMENT THEORY

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 63 - 80, 30.06.2025

Gülnihal Altun , Taner Artan

https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1629585

Abstract

Violence against women continues to be an important social problem worldwide. Violence against women encompasses all kinds of damaging acts against women's freedom, rights and safety, whether physical, psychological, sexual or economic. Attachment theory is an approach used to explain how individuals' parental relationships in childhood affect their attitudes and behaviors in romantic relationships in adulthood. In this context, attachment theory plays a critical role in understanding how attachment styles of victims and perpetrators of violence shape and sustain such relationships. Interventions such as promoting secure attachment and helping victims of to establish healthy relationship dynamics reduce the risk of recurrence of violence. For this reason, understanding the relationship between attachment styles and violence against women is thought to be an important step towards solving this problem. Taking attachment theory into consideration for the prevention of violence and the healing of victims will help to build healthier social relations. Therefore, in our study to understand the relationship between violence against women and attachment theory, it is aimed to provide an important perspective in understanding this complex problem. As a result, our study aims to organize the existing information on the relationship between attachment theory and violence and to fill a gap regarding the effect of attachment styles on women exposed to violence.

Keywords

attachment attachment styles domestic violence

References

  • Almeida, I., Nobre, C., Marques, J., & Oliveira, P. (2023). Violence against women: attachment, psychopathology, and beliefs in intimate partner violence. Social Sciences, 12(6), 346.
  • Andriopoulou, P (2021). Healing attachment trauma in adult psychotherapy: The role of limited reparenting. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 23(4), 468-482.
  • Barbaro, N. and Todd, K. (2019). Environmental unpredictability in childhood is associated with anxious romantic attachment and intimate partner violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34, 240-69.
  • Brubacher, L. (2017). Emotionally focused individual therapy: An attachment-based experiential/systemic perspective. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 16. 1-18.
  • Buel, S. (1999). Fifty Obstacles to Leaving, Why Abuse Victims Stay. Law, 28.
  • Bucci, S., Seymour-Hyde, A., Harris, A. and Berry, K. (2015). Client and Therapist Attachment Styles and Working Alliance. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 23 (10).
  • Carnelley, K.B., Lorna J., and Angela C. (2016). The effects of attachment priming on depressed and anxious mood. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 433-50.
  • Crespo, M., Arinero, M., Soberón, C. (2021). Analysis of effectiveness of individual and group trauma-focused interventions for female victims of intimate partner violence. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 18(4), 1952.
  • Costa, T., & McCrae, R. (1992). Neo personality inventory-revised (NEO PI-R). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1(3).
  • Costa, E. and Botelheiro, A. (2021). The impact of intimate partner violence on psychological well-being: predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and the mediating role of insecure attachment styles. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 5(1).
  • Dalgar, G., Civil, F., Savaş, E. Şahin, A. (2022). Attachment in early childhood: An examination in terms of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), 85-92.
  • Dai, R. (2024). The Causes, manifestations, and effects of benevolent sexism and how it contributes to the perpetuation of gender discrimination. Communications in Humanities Research, 22, 614- 619.
  • Dallos, R. and Vetere, A. (2021). Systemic Therapy and Attachment Narratives: Applications in a Range of Clinical Settings, 10.
  • Drescher, A. (2024). Avoidant attachment style: causes, signs, triggers & how to heal. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/avoidant-attachment-style.html Accessed 25.01.2025
  • Dutton, D.G., and Katherine R. W. (2012). Attachment insecurity and intimate partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 475-81.
  • Diamond, G., Diamond, G.M., Levy, S. (2021). Attachment-based family therapy: theory, clinical model, outcomes, and process research. J Affect Disord, 1(294), 286-295.
  • Ferreira, E. Figueiredo, A. & Santos, A. (2023). Understanding the emotional impact and coping strategies of professionals working with domestic violence victims. Social Sciences, 12, 525.
  • Erozkan, A. (2016). The link between types of attachment and childhood trauma. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4 (5), 1071-1079.
  • Gehl, K., Brassard, A., Dugal, C., et al. (2023). Attachment and breakup distress: the mediating role of coping strategies. Emerg Adulthood, 12(1), 41-54.
  • Goldenson, J. (2007). Female domestic violence offenders: their attachment security, trauma symptoms and personality organization. Violence and Victims, 22 (5).
  • Gonçalves, M., Martinho G., & Ghafoori, B. (2024). Trauma-focused treatments for victims of interpersonal violence: A comparison of treatment interventions and outcomes, Psychotherapy Research, 1-14.
  • Hosny, N., Bovey, M., Dutray F., Heim, E. (2023). How is trauma-related distress experienced and expressed in populations from the Greater Middle East and North Africa? A systematic review of qualitative literature, 4.
  • Hotline (2024). Retrived from https://www.thehotline.org/stakeholders/domestic-violence-statistics/ Accessed 25.01.2025.
  • Jacobsen, C.F., Falkenström, F., Castonguay, L., Nielsen, J., Lunn, S., Lauritzen, L., Poulsen, S. (2024). The relationship between attachment needs, earned secure therapeutic attachment and outcome in adult psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol, 92(7), 410-421.
  • Kanaganayagam, S. (2024). Attachment styles in relation to marital satisfaction. Attachment (avoidance and anxiety) in relation to marital satisfaction in couples born between 1980 and 2000. Liberty University.
  • Kohlhoff, J., Lieneman, C., Cibralic, S., (2022). Attachment-Based Parenting Interventions and Evidence of Changes in Toddler Attachment Patterns: An Overview. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rew, 25(4), 737-753.
  • Kassa, Z.Y., Abeje A., Ashegu, T., Hadra, N., (2021). Physical violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci., 31(5), 955-962.
  • Knox, L., Karantzas, G. and Ferguson, E. (2024) The role of attachment, insecurity, and stress in partner maltreatment: a meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse, 25(1), 721-737.
  • Koral,I. and Kovacs M. (2022). The role of anxious attachment in the continuation of abusive relationships: The potential for strengthening a secure attachment schema as a tool of empowerment. Acta Psychologica, 225, 103537.
  • Lawn, R., (2024). Violence against women and girls. BMJ, 386.
  • Li, P. (2025). Avoidant attachment style: causes, signs, effects and treathment. Retrieved from: https://www.parentingstyles.com/child-psychology/attachment-style/avoidant/ Accessed 20.01.2025.
  • Ligiero, D. (2024). Prevention, healing, and justice: a survivor-centered framework for ending violence against women and children. The Lancet, 403, (10427), 595-597.
  • Lahousen, T., Unterrainer, H.F. and Kapfhammer H.P. (2019). Psychobiology of attachment and trauma-some general remarks from a clinical perspective. Front Psychiatry, 12 (10), 914.
  • Mohammadi, K., Samavi, A., Ghazavi, Z. (2016). The relationship between attachment styles and lifestyle with marital satisfaction. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 16,18(4).
  • Mohammadi, S.F., and Spencer, C.M. (2024). Intimate partner violence and attachment styles as factors associated with coping stress styles among iranian women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 0 (0).
  • Mónaco E. (2022). Are emotional competencies mediators between attachment and relationship satisfaction in young couples?1 Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual,30, (2). 427-445.
  • OECD (2023). Gender- Based Violence. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/gender-based violence.html#:~:text=Across%20the%2027%20OECD%20countries,violence%20by%20an%20intimate%20partner. Accessed: 14.01.2025
  • Opland, C., Torrico, T.J. (2024). Psychotherapy and Therapeutic Relationship. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK608012/ Accessed 20.02.2025.
  • Ørke, E., Stål, B. Dufort M., Vatnar, S. (2021). Attachment characteristics among women victimized in no, one, and multiple IPV relationships: a case-control study. Violence Against Women, 27, 15-16.
  • Power, A. (2023). Avoidant people in relationships: Why would they bother? How do partners fare? Attachment and against the defence intimacy, 32.
  • Pineda, D. and Manuel, G. (2024). Personality comparison between lethal and non-lethal intimate partner violence perpetrators and their victims, International Journal on Human Rights, 25(3).
  • Prather, W. Golden, J. (2009). A behavioral perspective of childhood trauma and attachment issues: toward alternative treatment approaches for children with a history of abuse. International Journal of Behavioral Counseling and Therapy, 5. 222-241.
  • Rakovec-Felser Z. (2014). Domestic Violence and Abuse in Intimate Relationship from Public Health Perspective. Health Psychol Res, 22, 2(3), 1821.
  • Rubin-Wylie, L. and Crevecoeur-MacPhail, D. (2024). The impact of childhood trauma on adult attachment style. Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters, 669.
  • Russ, V., Stopa, L., Sivyer, K., Hazeldine J, and Maguire T. (2024). The relationship between adult attachment and complicated grief: a systematic review.  Journal of Death and Dying, 89(4), 1293-1319
  • Sagone, E., Commodari, E., Indiana, M.L. (2023). Exploring the association between attachment style, psychological well-being, and relationship status in young adults and adults-a cross-sectional study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ, 24, 13(3), 525-539.
  • Sharma, M. and Kaushik (2024). The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Relationship Satisfaction among Young Adults. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(2).
  • Sheppard, L., Alsubhi, M., Brown, V. (2024). What interventions are cost effective in reducing violence against women? a scoping review. Appl Health Econ Health Policy, 22, 283-296.
  • Simon N, Robertson L, Lewis C, Roberts NP, Bethell A, Dawson S, Bisson JI. (2021). Internet-based cognitive and behavioral therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 20, 5(5).
  • Smith, M., Robinson, L., Segal J., Reid S. (2024). Attachment Issues in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment. Parenting.
  • Smith, L. and Stover, C. (2016). The Moderating Role of Attachment on the Relationship Between History of Trauma and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization. Violence Against Women, 22(6), 745-64.
  • Spangler, G., & Grossmann, K.E. (1993). Biobehavioral organization in securely and insecurely attached infants. Child Development, 64(5), 1439-1450.
  • Shaver P. R., Fraley R. C. (2008). Attachment, loss, and grief: Bowlby’s views and current controversies.
  • Tanasugarn, A. (2023). Fearful-avoidant attachment and romantic relationships. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/understanding-ptsd/202307/fearful-avoidant-attachment-and-romantic-relationships Accessed 25.01.2025
  • Tibebu, Yitaktu. (2019). Effect of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Psychological Distress among Female Survivors of Domestic Violence Addis Ababa, 10.
  • Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma voices against torture, International Journal on Human Rights, 52(2).
  • Wessells, M.G., Kostelny, K. (2022). The Psychosocial impacts of intimate partner violence against women in lmic contexts: toward a holistic approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 4,19(21),14488.
  • Who (2024). Violence Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women Accessed: 14.01.2025.
  • Zeifman, D. (2019). Attachment theory grows up: a developmental approach to pair bonds, Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 139-143.

Bağlanma Teorisi Perspektifinde Kadına Yönelik Şiddet

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 63 - 80, 30.06.2025

Gülnihal Altun , Taner Artan

https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1629585

Abstract

Kadına yönelik şiddet, dünya genelinde önemli bir toplumsal sorun olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Kadına yönelik şiddet, fiziksel, psikolojik, cinsel veya ekonomik anlamda kadınların özgürlüğüne, haklarına ve güvenliğine yönelik yapılan her türlü zarar verici eylemi kapsamaktadır. Bağlanma teorisi ise, bireylerin çocukluk dönemindeki ebeveyn ilişkilerinin, yetişkinlikteki romantik ilişkilerdeki tutumlarını ve davranışlarını nasıl etkilediğini açıklamak için kullanılan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu bağlamda bağlanma teorisi, şiddet mağdurlarının ve şiddet uygulayan bireylerin bağlanma stilleri, bu tür ilişkilerin nasıl şekillendiğini ve devam ettiğini anlamada kritik rol oynar. Bağlanma teorisi ekseninde şiddet mağdurlarına yönelik; güvenli bağlanmayı teşvik etmek, şiddet mağdurlarının sağlıklı ilişki dinamikleri kurmalarına yardımcı olmak gibi yapılan müdahaleler, şiddetin tekrar etme riskini azaltmaktadır. Bu sebeple bağlanma stillerinin kadına yönelik şiddetle olan ilişkisinin anlaşılmasının, bu sorunun çözülmesi adına önemli bir adım olacağı düşünülmektedir. Şiddetin önlenmesi ve mağdurların iyileştirilmesi için bağlanma teorisinin dikkate alınması, daha sağlıklı toplumsal ilişkilerin inşa edilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Dolayısıyla kadına yönelik şiddet ve bağlanma teorisi arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya yönelik yapılan çalışmamızda, bu karmaşık sorunun anlaşılmasında önemli bir perspektif sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda bağlanma teorisi ve şiddet arasındaki ilişkiye dair mevcut bilgilerin düzenlenmesi ve bağlanma stillerinin şiddete maruz kalan kadınlar üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin bir boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

bağlanma bağlanma stili aile içi şiddet

References

  • Almeida, I., Nobre, C., Marques, J., & Oliveira, P. (2023). Violence against women: attachment, psychopathology, and beliefs in intimate partner violence. Social Sciences, 12(6), 346.
  • Andriopoulou, P (2021). Healing attachment trauma in adult psychotherapy: The role of limited reparenting. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 23(4), 468-482.
  • Barbaro, N. and Todd, K. (2019). Environmental unpredictability in childhood is associated with anxious romantic attachment and intimate partner violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34, 240-69.
  • Brubacher, L. (2017). Emotionally focused individual therapy: An attachment-based experiential/systemic perspective. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 16. 1-18.
  • Buel, S. (1999). Fifty Obstacles to Leaving, Why Abuse Victims Stay. Law, 28.
  • Bucci, S., Seymour-Hyde, A., Harris, A. and Berry, K. (2015). Client and Therapist Attachment Styles and Working Alliance. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 23 (10).
  • Carnelley, K.B., Lorna J., and Angela C. (2016). The effects of attachment priming on depressed and anxious mood. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 433-50.
  • Crespo, M., Arinero, M., Soberón, C. (2021). Analysis of effectiveness of individual and group trauma-focused interventions for female victims of intimate partner violence. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 18(4), 1952.
  • Costa, T., & McCrae, R. (1992). Neo personality inventory-revised (NEO PI-R). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1(3).
  • Costa, E. and Botelheiro, A. (2021). The impact of intimate partner violence on psychological well-being: predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and the mediating role of insecure attachment styles. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 5(1).
  • Dalgar, G., Civil, F., Savaş, E. Şahin, A. (2022). Attachment in early childhood: An examination in terms of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), 85-92.
  • Dai, R. (2024). The Causes, manifestations, and effects of benevolent sexism and how it contributes to the perpetuation of gender discrimination. Communications in Humanities Research, 22, 614- 619.
  • Dallos, R. and Vetere, A. (2021). Systemic Therapy and Attachment Narratives: Applications in a Range of Clinical Settings, 10.
  • Drescher, A. (2024). Avoidant attachment style: causes, signs, triggers & how to heal. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/avoidant-attachment-style.html Accessed 25.01.2025
  • Dutton, D.G., and Katherine R. W. (2012). Attachment insecurity and intimate partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 475-81.
  • Diamond, G., Diamond, G.M., Levy, S. (2021). Attachment-based family therapy: theory, clinical model, outcomes, and process research. J Affect Disord, 1(294), 286-295.
  • Ferreira, E. Figueiredo, A. & Santos, A. (2023). Understanding the emotional impact and coping strategies of professionals working with domestic violence victims. Social Sciences, 12, 525.
  • Erozkan, A. (2016). The link between types of attachment and childhood trauma. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4 (5), 1071-1079.
  • Gehl, K., Brassard, A., Dugal, C., et al. (2023). Attachment and breakup distress: the mediating role of coping strategies. Emerg Adulthood, 12(1), 41-54.
  • Goldenson, J. (2007). Female domestic violence offenders: their attachment security, trauma symptoms and personality organization. Violence and Victims, 22 (5).
  • Gonçalves, M., Martinho G., & Ghafoori, B. (2024). Trauma-focused treatments for victims of interpersonal violence: A comparison of treatment interventions and outcomes, Psychotherapy Research, 1-14.
  • Hosny, N., Bovey, M., Dutray F., Heim, E. (2023). How is trauma-related distress experienced and expressed in populations from the Greater Middle East and North Africa? A systematic review of qualitative literature, 4.
  • Hotline (2024). Retrived from https://www.thehotline.org/stakeholders/domestic-violence-statistics/ Accessed 25.01.2025.
  • Jacobsen, C.F., Falkenström, F., Castonguay, L., Nielsen, J., Lunn, S., Lauritzen, L., Poulsen, S. (2024). The relationship between attachment needs, earned secure therapeutic attachment and outcome in adult psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol, 92(7), 410-421.
  • Kanaganayagam, S. (2024). Attachment styles in relation to marital satisfaction. Attachment (avoidance and anxiety) in relation to marital satisfaction in couples born between 1980 and 2000. Liberty University.
  • Kohlhoff, J., Lieneman, C., Cibralic, S., (2022). Attachment-Based Parenting Interventions and Evidence of Changes in Toddler Attachment Patterns: An Overview. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rew, 25(4), 737-753.
  • Kassa, Z.Y., Abeje A., Ashegu, T., Hadra, N., (2021). Physical violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci., 31(5), 955-962.
  • Knox, L., Karantzas, G. and Ferguson, E. (2024) The role of attachment, insecurity, and stress in partner maltreatment: a meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse, 25(1), 721-737.
  • Koral,I. and Kovacs M. (2022). The role of anxious attachment in the continuation of abusive relationships: The potential for strengthening a secure attachment schema as a tool of empowerment. Acta Psychologica, 225, 103537.
  • Lawn, R., (2024). Violence against women and girls. BMJ, 386.
  • Li, P. (2025). Avoidant attachment style: causes, signs, effects and treathment. Retrieved from: https://www.parentingstyles.com/child-psychology/attachment-style/avoidant/ Accessed 20.01.2025.
  • Ligiero, D. (2024). Prevention, healing, and justice: a survivor-centered framework for ending violence against women and children. The Lancet, 403, (10427), 595-597.
  • Lahousen, T., Unterrainer, H.F. and Kapfhammer H.P. (2019). Psychobiology of attachment and trauma-some general remarks from a clinical perspective. Front Psychiatry, 12 (10), 914.
  • Mohammadi, K., Samavi, A., Ghazavi, Z. (2016). The relationship between attachment styles and lifestyle with marital satisfaction. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 16,18(4).
  • Mohammadi, S.F., and Spencer, C.M. (2024). Intimate partner violence and attachment styles as factors associated with coping stress styles among iranian women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 0 (0).
  • Mónaco E. (2022). Are emotional competencies mediators between attachment and relationship satisfaction in young couples?1 Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual,30, (2). 427-445.
  • OECD (2023). Gender- Based Violence. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/gender-based violence.html#:~:text=Across%20the%2027%20OECD%20countries,violence%20by%20an%20intimate%20partner. Accessed: 14.01.2025
  • Opland, C., Torrico, T.J. (2024). Psychotherapy and Therapeutic Relationship. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK608012/ Accessed 20.02.2025.
  • Ørke, E., Stål, B. Dufort M., Vatnar, S. (2021). Attachment characteristics among women victimized in no, one, and multiple IPV relationships: a case-control study. Violence Against Women, 27, 15-16.
  • Power, A. (2023). Avoidant people in relationships: Why would they bother? How do partners fare? Attachment and against the defence intimacy, 32.
  • Pineda, D. and Manuel, G. (2024). Personality comparison between lethal and non-lethal intimate partner violence perpetrators and their victims, International Journal on Human Rights, 25(3).
  • Prather, W. Golden, J. (2009). A behavioral perspective of childhood trauma and attachment issues: toward alternative treatment approaches for children with a history of abuse. International Journal of Behavioral Counseling and Therapy, 5. 222-241.
  • Rakovec-Felser Z. (2014). Domestic Violence and Abuse in Intimate Relationship from Public Health Perspective. Health Psychol Res, 22, 2(3), 1821.
  • Rubin-Wylie, L. and Crevecoeur-MacPhail, D. (2024). The impact of childhood trauma on adult attachment style. Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters, 669.
  • Russ, V., Stopa, L., Sivyer, K., Hazeldine J, and Maguire T. (2024). The relationship between adult attachment and complicated grief: a systematic review.  Journal of Death and Dying, 89(4), 1293-1319
  • Sagone, E., Commodari, E., Indiana, M.L. (2023). Exploring the association between attachment style, psychological well-being, and relationship status in young adults and adults-a cross-sectional study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ, 24, 13(3), 525-539.
  • Sharma, M. and Kaushik (2024). The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Relationship Satisfaction among Young Adults. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(2).
  • Sheppard, L., Alsubhi, M., Brown, V. (2024). What interventions are cost effective in reducing violence against women? a scoping review. Appl Health Econ Health Policy, 22, 283-296.
  • Simon N, Robertson L, Lewis C, Roberts NP, Bethell A, Dawson S, Bisson JI. (2021). Internet-based cognitive and behavioral therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 20, 5(5).
  • Smith, M., Robinson, L., Segal J., Reid S. (2024). Attachment Issues in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment. Parenting.
  • Smith, L. and Stover, C. (2016). The Moderating Role of Attachment on the Relationship Between History of Trauma and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization. Violence Against Women, 22(6), 745-64.
  • Spangler, G., & Grossmann, K.E. (1993). Biobehavioral organization in securely and insecurely attached infants. Child Development, 64(5), 1439-1450.
  • Shaver P. R., Fraley R. C. (2008). Attachment, loss, and grief: Bowlby’s views and current controversies.
  • Tanasugarn, A. (2023). Fearful-avoidant attachment and romantic relationships. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/understanding-ptsd/202307/fearful-avoidant-attachment-and-romantic-relationships Accessed 25.01.2025
  • Tibebu, Yitaktu. (2019). Effect of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Psychological Distress among Female Survivors of Domestic Violence Addis Ababa, 10.
  • Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma voices against torture, International Journal on Human Rights, 52(2).
  • Wessells, M.G., Kostelny, K. (2022). The Psychosocial impacts of intimate partner violence against women in lmic contexts: toward a holistic approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 4,19(21),14488.
  • Who (2024). Violence Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women Accessed: 14.01.2025.
  • Zeifman, D. (2019). Attachment theory grows up: a developmental approach to pair bonds, Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 139-143.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Social Work (Other)
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Gülnihal Altun 0000-0001-9339-1343

Taner Artan 0000-0002-8716-2090

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 30, 2025
Acceptance Date March 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altun, G., & Artan, T. (2025). VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ATTACHMENT THEORY. Turkish Journal of Applied Social Work, 8(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1629585
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