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Kalsiyum Hidroksit Medikaman, Klorheksidin Glukonat Jel ve İki Materyalin Karışımının Enterococcus faecalis Üzerindeki Antibakteriyel Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, , 1 - 11, 24.04.2025

Nüshet Dogan

https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1591364

Abstract

Kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman ve klorheksidin glukonat jel ve her iki medikamanın eşit oranda karışımının Enterococcus faecalis üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmada 3 deneysel grup oluşturuldu , I. grupta kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikamanın (Calcicure), II.
grupta %1’lik klorheksidin glukonat jelin (Corsodyl), III. grupta eşit oranda hazırlanmış kalsiyum hidroksit
içerikli medikaman + klorheksidin glukonat jel karışımının antibakteriyel etkileri 1. 2. ve 7. günlerde
agar difüzyon yöntemiyle incelendi. Bulgular ANOVA ve Çoklu karşılaştırma testleri ile istatistiksel olarak
değerlendirildi. Çalışmamız sonucunda ölçüm yapılan üç zaman periyodunda da klorheksidin glukonat jel; kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman ve kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman + klorheksidin glukonat jel karışımından daha fazla antibakteryel etki gösterdi. (P<0,01) Kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman ve kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman + klorheksidin glukonat jel karışımının bu bakteri üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkileri arasında ise 1. ve 2. gün ölçümlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken (P>0,05), 7. gün yapılan ölçümlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (P<0,01).
Kullanılan tüm deney materyalleri E. Faecalis’e karşı zaman geçtikçe artan antibakteriyel etki gösterdiler.

Keywords

Kalsiyum hidroksit içerikli medikaman Klorheksidin glukonat jel Enterococcus faecalis Antibakteriyel etki

Project Number

Çalışmamızda proje desteği yoktur

References

  • 1. Messer.H, Chen, R.S. (1984) The duration of effectiveness of root canal medicaments. J End. 10:240-5
  • 2. Barthel, C.R., Zimmer, S., West, G., Roulet J.F. (2000). Bacterial leakage in obturated root canals following the use of different intracanal medicaments. End Dent Traumatol.; 16:282-6
  • 3. Lambrianidis, T., Kosti, E., Boutsioukis, C., Mazinis, M. (2006) Removal efficacy of various calcium hydroxide/ chlorhexidine medicaments from the root canal. Int End J 39:55-61.
  • 4. Abdulkader, A.,Duguid, R., Saunders, E.M. (1996) The antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers to anaerobic bacteria. Int End J. Jul; 29:280-3.
  • 5. Estrella, C., Bammann, L, Pecora, J.D. (2001) Two methods to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide paste. J Endod. 27:720-3.
  • 6. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U (1998) Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 85: 86–93.
  • 7. Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo M, Silva A, Assed S (2002) Radiographic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin (LPS) plus calcium hydroxide on apical and periapical tissues of dogs. J Endod. 28:694-6
  • 8. Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O (1991) Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontists: pilot study. Int End J 24, 1-7
  • 9. Korzen H, Krakow, Green B (1974) Pulpal and periapical tissue responses in conventional and monoinfected gnotobiotic rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 37: 783- 802
  • 10. Çalışkan A. (2006) Endodontide Tanı ve Tedaviler, Edition 1 Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi
  • 11. Metzler S, Montgomery S (1989) Effectiveness of ultrasonics and calcium hydroxide for the debridement of human mandibular molars. J Endod. 15:373-8
  • 12. Yang F, Rivera M, Walton E, Baumgardner R (1996) Canal debridement: effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide as medicaments J End. Oct ;22:521-5
  • 13. Ohara P, Torabinejad M., Ketterinq D (1993) Antibacterial effects of various endodontic irrigants on selected anaerobic bacteria. End Dent Traumatol. 9:95-100
  • 14. Siqueira R, Uzeda, M (1996) Desenfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacterium. J End. 22,674-6
  • 15. Madhubala, M.M.; Srinivasan, N.; Ahamed, S. (2011) Comparative Evaluation of Propolis and Triantibiotic Mixture as an Intracanal Medicament against Enterococcus Faecalis. J. Endod., 37, 1287–1289.
  • 16. Roças N., Siqueira,F, Santos R. (2004) Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J End 30:315-20
  • 17. Alaçam T (2000). Endodonti Edition 2 Ankara: Barış Yayınları
  • 18. Chaves P, Molander A, Dahlen G (2004) Gram-positive rods prevailing in teeth with apical periodontitis undergoing root canal treatment. Int End J 37:579-87
  • 19. Figdor D, Davies JK, Sundqvist G. Starvation survival, growth and recovery ofEnterococcus faecalis in human serum. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18: 234- 239.
  • 20. Prada I., Mico P, Giner T, Martines P, Collado N, Manzano A, (2019) Influence of microbiology on endodontic failure. Literature review, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 24 (3), 364-72.
  • 21. Whitchurch CB, Tolker-Nielsen T, Ragas PC, Mattick JS. Extracellular DNA required for bacterial biofilm formation. Science 2002; 295: 1487.
  • 22. Barnes AM, Ballering KS, Leibman RS, Wells CL, Dunny GM. Enterococcus faecalis produces abundant extracellular structures containing DNA in the absence of cell lysis during early biofilm formation. mBio 2012; 3: e00193-12.
  • 23. Thomas VC, Hiromasa Y, Harms N, Thurlow L, Tomich J, Hancock LE. A fratricidal mechanism is responsible for eDNA release and contributes to biofilm development of Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Microbiol 2009; 72: 1022-1036.
  • 24. Tennert C, Drews AM, Walther V, Altenburger MJ, Karygianni L, Wrbas KT et al. (2015) Ultrasonic activation and chemical modification of photosensitizers enhances the effects of photodynamictherapy against Enterococcus faecalis root-canal isolates. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther; 12: 244-251.
  • 25. Afkhami F, Karimi M, Bahador A, Ahmadi P, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. (2020) Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue against Enterococcus faecalis: Laser vs LED. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther; 32: 102036.
  • 26. Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. (1987) In-vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res, 66: 1375-9.
  • 27. Simon.T, Bhat S, Francis R (1995) Effect of four vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide and the release of calcium ion, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 80: 459- 64.
  • 28. Siquera R, Lopes P (1999) Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical review. Int End J, 32: 361-9
  • 29. Çalt S, Serper A, Özçelik B, Dalat D (1999) pH changes and calcium ion diffusion from calcium hydroxide dressing materials through root dentin, J Endod. 25: 329-31.
  • 30. Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. (1985) The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. End Dent Traumatol 1: 170-5.
  • 31. Reit C, Dahlen G (1988) Decision making analysis of endodontic treatment strategies in teeth with apical periodontists. Int End J 21, 291-9.
  • 32. Sjogren U, Figdor D, SpanqbergL., Sunqvist G (1991) The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing. Int End J 24: 119-25.
  • 33. Barbosa M, Goncalves B, Siquera R, Uzeda M (1997) Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine and camphorated paramonochlorophenol as intracanal medicament. A clinical and laboratory study. J End 23: 297-300.
  • 34. Heling I, Steinberg D, Kenig S, Gavrilovich I, Sela N (1992) Efficiacy of a sustained –release device containing chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide in preventing secondary infection of dentinal tubules. Int End J 25, 20-4.
  • 35. Siqueia R, Uzeda M (1997) Intracanal medicaments: evaluation of the antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and calcium hydroxide associated with three vehicles. J Endod. 23:167-9.
  • 36. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G, Kvist T (1998) Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int End J 31: 1–7.
  • 37. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G (1999) The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide in root canals pretreated with 5%iodine potassium iodide. End Dent Traumatol. 15: 205– 209.
  • 38. Stuart H, Schwartz A, Beeson J., Owatz B (2006) Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment J Endod. 32:93-8.
  • 39. Almyroudy A., Mackenzie D, Mchugh S, Saunders P (2002) The effectiveness of various disinfectants used as endodontic intracanal medications: an in-vitro study. J End. Mar; 28:163-7.
  • 40. Lin H, Mickel K., Chogle S (2003) Effectiveness of selected materials against Enterococcus faecalis: part 3. The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 29:565-6.
  • 41. Schaffer E., Bossmann K (2005) Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and two calcium hydroxide formulations against Enterococcus faecalis. J End 31:53-6
  • 42. F. J. Souza-Filho et al. Antimicrobial Effect and pH of Chlorhexidine Gel and Calcium Hydroxide Alone and Associated with other Materials. Braz Dent J (2008) 19(1): 28-33
  • 43. Kadiatou S, Charlène C , Mickaël M, Ilham M (2023) Therapeutic Potential of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium Hydroxide-Based Intracanal Medications in Endo- Periodontal Lesions: An Ex Vivo and In-Vitro Study, Antibiotics 12(9), 1416
  • 44. Gomes S, Souza,C, Ferraz, B Teixeira, A Zaia, L Valdrighi, F Souza-Filho. Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in-vitro. Comparative Study. Int Endod J. 2003 Apr;36(4):267-75

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Medicament,Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel And a Blend Of The Two Materials on Enterococcus faecalis

Year 2025, , 1 - 11, 24.04.2025

Nüshet Dogan

https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1591364

Abstract

The aim of this study is the comparison of antibacterial effects of calcium hydroxide medicament
and chlorhexidine gluconate gel on Enterococcus faecalis. The study is composed of three experimental groups. Antibacterial effects of group 1, calcium hydroxide medicament (Calcicure); group 2, %1 chlorexidine gluconate gel (Corsodyl) and group 3, combination of calcium hydroxide medicament plus chlorexidine gluconate gel equal ratio were examined with agar diffusion method on the 1st, 2nd and 7th days. Inventions are evaluationed as statistical with ANOVA and multiple comparisons tests.
In the end of our study for the three time period the antibacterial effect of chlorexidine gluconate gel
was more than calcium hydroxide medicament and the combination of calcium hydroxide medicament
plus chlorexidine gluconate gel equal ratio (P<0,01). After the 1st and 2nd days’ measures between the
antibacterial effects of calcium hydroxide medicament and combination of calcium hydroxide medicament + chlorhexidine gluconate gel on this bacteria there was no important statistical difference (P>0,05), however on the 7th day it is found an important statistical difference (P<0,01).
The all experiment materials that is used showed an increasing antibacterial effect on E.faecalis.

Keywords

Calcium hydroxide medicament Chlorhexidine gluconate gel Enterococcus faecalis Antibacterial effect

Project Number

Çalışmamızda proje desteği yoktur

References

  • 1. Messer.H, Chen, R.S. (1984) The duration of effectiveness of root canal medicaments. J End. 10:240-5
  • 2. Barthel, C.R., Zimmer, S., West, G., Roulet J.F. (2000). Bacterial leakage in obturated root canals following the use of different intracanal medicaments. End Dent Traumatol.; 16:282-6
  • 3. Lambrianidis, T., Kosti, E., Boutsioukis, C., Mazinis, M. (2006) Removal efficacy of various calcium hydroxide/ chlorhexidine medicaments from the root canal. Int End J 39:55-61.
  • 4. Abdulkader, A.,Duguid, R., Saunders, E.M. (1996) The antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers to anaerobic bacteria. Int End J. Jul; 29:280-3.
  • 5. Estrella, C., Bammann, L, Pecora, J.D. (2001) Two methods to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide paste. J Endod. 27:720-3.
  • 6. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U (1998) Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 85: 86–93.
  • 7. Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo M, Silva A, Assed S (2002) Radiographic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin (LPS) plus calcium hydroxide on apical and periapical tissues of dogs. J Endod. 28:694-6
  • 8. Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O (1991) Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontists: pilot study. Int End J 24, 1-7
  • 9. Korzen H, Krakow, Green B (1974) Pulpal and periapical tissue responses in conventional and monoinfected gnotobiotic rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 37: 783- 802
  • 10. Çalışkan A. (2006) Endodontide Tanı ve Tedaviler, Edition 1 Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi
  • 11. Metzler S, Montgomery S (1989) Effectiveness of ultrasonics and calcium hydroxide for the debridement of human mandibular molars. J Endod. 15:373-8
  • 12. Yang F, Rivera M, Walton E, Baumgardner R (1996) Canal debridement: effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide as medicaments J End. Oct ;22:521-5
  • 13. Ohara P, Torabinejad M., Ketterinq D (1993) Antibacterial effects of various endodontic irrigants on selected anaerobic bacteria. End Dent Traumatol. 9:95-100
  • 14. Siqueira R, Uzeda, M (1996) Desenfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacterium. J End. 22,674-6
  • 15. Madhubala, M.M.; Srinivasan, N.; Ahamed, S. (2011) Comparative Evaluation of Propolis and Triantibiotic Mixture as an Intracanal Medicament against Enterococcus Faecalis. J. Endod., 37, 1287–1289.
  • 16. Roças N., Siqueira,F, Santos R. (2004) Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J End 30:315-20
  • 17. Alaçam T (2000). Endodonti Edition 2 Ankara: Barış Yayınları
  • 18. Chaves P, Molander A, Dahlen G (2004) Gram-positive rods prevailing in teeth with apical periodontitis undergoing root canal treatment. Int End J 37:579-87
  • 19. Figdor D, Davies JK, Sundqvist G. Starvation survival, growth and recovery ofEnterococcus faecalis in human serum. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18: 234- 239.
  • 20. Prada I., Mico P, Giner T, Martines P, Collado N, Manzano A, (2019) Influence of microbiology on endodontic failure. Literature review, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 24 (3), 364-72.
  • 21. Whitchurch CB, Tolker-Nielsen T, Ragas PC, Mattick JS. Extracellular DNA required for bacterial biofilm formation. Science 2002; 295: 1487.
  • 22. Barnes AM, Ballering KS, Leibman RS, Wells CL, Dunny GM. Enterococcus faecalis produces abundant extracellular structures containing DNA in the absence of cell lysis during early biofilm formation. mBio 2012; 3: e00193-12.
  • 23. Thomas VC, Hiromasa Y, Harms N, Thurlow L, Tomich J, Hancock LE. A fratricidal mechanism is responsible for eDNA release and contributes to biofilm development of Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Microbiol 2009; 72: 1022-1036.
  • 24. Tennert C, Drews AM, Walther V, Altenburger MJ, Karygianni L, Wrbas KT et al. (2015) Ultrasonic activation and chemical modification of photosensitizers enhances the effects of photodynamictherapy against Enterococcus faecalis root-canal isolates. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther; 12: 244-251.
  • 25. Afkhami F, Karimi M, Bahador A, Ahmadi P, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. (2020) Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue against Enterococcus faecalis: Laser vs LED. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther; 32: 102036.
  • 26. Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. (1987) In-vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res, 66: 1375-9.
  • 27. Simon.T, Bhat S, Francis R (1995) Effect of four vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide and the release of calcium ion, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 80: 459- 64.
  • 28. Siquera R, Lopes P (1999) Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical review. Int End J, 32: 361-9
  • 29. Çalt S, Serper A, Özçelik B, Dalat D (1999) pH changes and calcium ion diffusion from calcium hydroxide dressing materials through root dentin, J Endod. 25: 329-31.
  • 30. Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. (1985) The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. End Dent Traumatol 1: 170-5.
  • 31. Reit C, Dahlen G (1988) Decision making analysis of endodontic treatment strategies in teeth with apical periodontists. Int End J 21, 291-9.
  • 32. Sjogren U, Figdor D, SpanqbergL., Sunqvist G (1991) The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing. Int End J 24: 119-25.
  • 33. Barbosa M, Goncalves B, Siquera R, Uzeda M (1997) Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine and camphorated paramonochlorophenol as intracanal medicament. A clinical and laboratory study. J End 23: 297-300.
  • 34. Heling I, Steinberg D, Kenig S, Gavrilovich I, Sela N (1992) Efficiacy of a sustained –release device containing chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide in preventing secondary infection of dentinal tubules. Int End J 25, 20-4.
  • 35. Siqueia R, Uzeda M (1997) Intracanal medicaments: evaluation of the antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and calcium hydroxide associated with three vehicles. J Endod. 23:167-9.
  • 36. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G, Kvist T (1998) Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. Int End J 31: 1–7.
  • 37. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G (1999) The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide in root canals pretreated with 5%iodine potassium iodide. End Dent Traumatol. 15: 205– 209.
  • 38. Stuart H, Schwartz A, Beeson J., Owatz B (2006) Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment J Endod. 32:93-8.
  • 39. Almyroudy A., Mackenzie D, Mchugh S, Saunders P (2002) The effectiveness of various disinfectants used as endodontic intracanal medications: an in-vitro study. J End. Mar; 28:163-7.
  • 40. Lin H, Mickel K., Chogle S (2003) Effectiveness of selected materials against Enterococcus faecalis: part 3. The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 29:565-6.
  • 41. Schaffer E., Bossmann K (2005) Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and two calcium hydroxide formulations against Enterococcus faecalis. J End 31:53-6
  • 42. F. J. Souza-Filho et al. Antimicrobial Effect and pH of Chlorhexidine Gel and Calcium Hydroxide Alone and Associated with other Materials. Braz Dent J (2008) 19(1): 28-33
  • 43. Kadiatou S, Charlène C , Mickaël M, Ilham M (2023) Therapeutic Potential of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium Hydroxide-Based Intracanal Medications in Endo- Periodontal Lesions: An Ex Vivo and In-Vitro Study, Antibiotics 12(9), 1416
  • 44. Gomes S, Souza,C, Ferraz, B Teixeira, A Zaia, L Valdrighi, F Souza-Filho. Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in-vitro. Comparative Study. Int Endod J. 2003 Apr;36(4):267-75
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Endodontics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nüshet Dogan 0000-0002-5176-3601

Project Number Çalışmamızda proje desteği yoktur
Publication Date April 24, 2025
Submission Date November 26, 2024
Acceptance Date March 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025

Cite

Vancouver Dogan N. Comparison of the Antibacterial Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Medicament,Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel And a Blend Of The Two Materials on Enterococcus faecalis. J Turkish Dent Res. 2025;4(1):1-11.

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