Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 185 - 194, 30.06.2025

Nur Sivri , Lerzan Öztürk

Abstract

In this study soil health in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plantations of Rize Province, Türkiye, was assessed by analyzing nematode community structure and calculating ecological indices and metabolic footprints. On this purpose a survey was carried out in tea growing areas and soil samples were collected from tea growing areas. The nematodes isolated from these soils were identified. Key indicators included the Maturity Index (MI= 2.45), Plant Parasitic Index (PPI= 2.83), and Sigma Maturity Index (ΣMI= 2.56). A total of 36 nematode genera were identified, comprising 13 plant-parasitic and 23 free-living genera. The nematode community was predominantly composed of bacterivores and plant-parasitic taxa, each representing 36.1% of the total population. Omnivores accounted for 16.6%, while fungal feeders and predators each comprised 5.6%. Functional indices reflected a moderately structured and enriched soil food web, with an Enrichment Index of 63.89, Structure Index of 68.16, Basal Index of 16.06, and Channel Index of 24.81. Metabolic footprint analysis revealed a relatively high Composite Footprint, driven primarily by bacterivore and predator contributions, demonstrating active trophic interactions and moderate soil biodiversity. In the soil food web structure a majority of samples were located in the upper-right quadrant, typically reflecting nematode assemblages found in nutrient-enriched and structurally stable soils.

Keywords

Nematode community tea plantations ecological indices Channel Index Structure Index

References

  • Abolafia, J., Pena Santiago, R., 1996. Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Andalucia Oriental. Spain. The genus Mesodorylaimus Andrassy. 1959. I. Two short tailed new species. Russian Journal of Nematology, 4(2): 173-180.
  • Anderson, R.V., 1979. A supplemental key to species Helicotylenchus Steiner. 1945 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) described since 1972 and a description of H. oscephalus n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57(2): 337-342.
  • Anderson, R.V., Hooper, D.J., 1970. A neotype for Cephalobus persegnis Bastian. 1865. Redescription of the species. and observations on variability in taxonomic characters. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48(3): 457-469.
  • Anonymous, 2024. Current Global Market Situation and Medium-Term Outlook. The Food and Agriculture Organisation, (https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/ api/core/bitstreams/f912481a-3666-46e7-965e-30b227 a19994/content), (Accessed Date: 11.03.2025).
  • Anonymous, 2025. TURKSTAT. Turkish Statistical Institute, (https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr), (Accessed Date: 17.03.2025). (In Turkish).
  • Banerjee, B., 1992. Botanical classification of tea. In: K.C. Willson and M.N. Clifford (Eds.), Tea: Cultivation to Consumption, Chapman and Hall London, pp. 25-51.
  • Brzeski, M.W., 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev. 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue Nematology, 14(1): 9-59.
  • De Man, J.G., 1876. Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche voor de Dierkunde Vereen, 2: 78-196.
  • Ferris, H., Venette, R.C., Sipes, B.S., 2001. Nematode community structure as an indicator of soil health. In: Soil Health and Land Use Management, pp. 185-207.
  • Geraert, E., Raski, D.J., 1987. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). Revue Nematologia, 10(2): 143-161.
  • Handoo, Z.A., Golden, A.M., 1989. A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev. 1936 (lesion nematodes). Journal of Nematology, 21(2): 202-218.
  • Hazarika, L.K., Bhuyan, M., Hazarika, B.N., 2009. Insect pests of tea and their management. Annual Review of Entomology, 54: 267-284.
  • Huan, J., 1983. The identification of some species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) on tea seedlings in Zhejiang Province. Acta Agriculture Universitatis Zhejiangensis, 9(4): 343-359.
  • Kepenekci, I., Akgul, H.C., 1999. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Rize region, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 17(2): 181-184.
  • Khera, S., Chaturvedi, Y., 1977. Nematodes from tea plantations of Dehra Dun, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72(1-4): 125-152.
  • Kouser, N., Nisa, R.U., Allie, K.A., Shah, A.A., 2022. Nematode diversity and community structure assessment in different vegetations of Jammu division of J & K, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 14(1): 102-115.
  • Li, X., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Shi, W., Yang, D., Tarasco, E., 2014. Effects of organic and other management practices on soil nematode communities in tea plantation: a case study in southern China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177(4): 604-612.
  • Mohotti, M.K., 2013. Nematode parasites and their naturally occuring biocontrol agents in tea soils of Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Soil Biodiversity, Sri Lanka Institute of Development Administration (SLIDA), 10-11 December, Colombo, pp. 84-89.
  • Mukherjee, B., Dasgupta, M.K., 1982. Community analyses of plant parasitic nematodes in tea plantations, West Bengal, India. Nematologia Mediterranea, 10: 1-7.
  • Neher, D.A., Darby, B.J., 2009. General community indices that can be used for analysis of nematode assemblages. In: M. Wilson and T. Kakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 107-123.
  • Orisajo, S.B., 2012. Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with tea in Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(5): 459-463.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Aydoğan, M., Bayraklı, B., Kesim, E., Urla, Ö., Yıldız, H., Ünal, E., 2016. Levels of basic fertility and the spatial distribution of agricultural soils in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(1): 136-148. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Özyazıcı, G., Dengiz, O., 2011. Determination of micronutrients in tea plantations in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(22): 5174-5180.
  • Palomares-Rius, J.E., León-Ropero, G., Clavero-Camacho, I., Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Castillo, P., 2022. A new interactive web-based polytomous key for species identification of pin nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) with the use of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Article ID 6216266.
  • Paul, S., Ahmed, M., Mamun, M., Alam, M., 2018. Diversity of insect mite and nematode species in tea ecosystem of Bangladesh. Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 3(1): 31-44.
  • Pielou, E.C., 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 13: 131-144.
  • Saygın, F., Şavşatlı, Y., Dengiz, O., Yazıcı, K., Namlı, A., Karataş, A., Demirkaya, S., 2023. Soil quality assessment based on hybrid computational approach with spatial multi-criteria analysis and geographical information system for sustainable tea cultivation. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(2): 187-204.
  • Scholze, V.S., Sudhaus, W., 2011. A pictorial key to current genus groups of 'Rhabditidae'. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 14(2): 105-112.
  • Siddiqi, M.R., 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects. CABI International, Wallingford, UK. Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., de Goede, R. G. M., 2014. NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61: 90 -93.
  • Taher, I.E., Ami, S.N., Haleem, R.A., Shareef, B., 2017. First record of mycetophagous nematode Aphelenchus avenae in Iraq with description and testing their propagatıon on different fungus culture. Bulletin of The Iraq Natural History Museum, 14(3): 251-259.
  • Yeates, G.W., Ferris, H., Moens, T., Van Der Putten, W.H., 2009. The role of nematodes in ecosystems. In: M.J. Wilson and T. Khakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, CABI, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 1-44.
  • Yurteri, E., Ozcan, A., Seyis, F., 2019. Tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivation and breeding in Turkey: Past and present status. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 5(2): 111-119.

Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 185 - 194, 30.06.2025

Nur Sivri , Lerzan Öztürk

Abstract

In this study soil health in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plantations of Rize Province, Türkiye, was assessed by analyzing nematode community structure and calculating ecological indices and metabolic footprints. On this purpose a survey was carried out in tea growing areas and soil samples were collected from tea growing areas. The nematodes isolated from these soils were identified. Key indicators included the Maturity Index (MI= 2.45), Plant Parasitic Index (PPI= 2.83), and Sigma Maturity Index (ΣMI= 2.56). A total of 36 nematode genera were identified, comprising 13 plant-parasitic and 23 free-living genera. The nematode community was predominantly composed of bacterivores and plant-parasitic taxa, each representing 36.1% of the total population. Omnivores accounted for 16.6%, while fungal feeders and predators each comprised 5.6%. Functional indices reflected a moderately structured and enriched soil food web, with an Enrichment Index of 63.89, Structure Index of 68.16, Basal Index of 16.06, and Channel Index of 24.81. Metabolic footprint analysis revealed a relatively high Composite Footprint, driven primarily by bacterivore and predator contributions, demonstrating active trophic interactions and moderate soil biodiversity. In the soil food web structure a majority of samples were located in the upper-right quadrant, typically reflecting nematode assemblages found in nutrient-enriched and structurally stable soils.

Keywords

Nematode community tea plantations ecological indices Channel Index Structure Index

References

  • Abolafia, J., Pena Santiago, R., 1996. Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Andalucia Oriental. Spain. The genus Mesodorylaimus Andrassy. 1959. I. Two short tailed new species. Russian Journal of Nematology, 4(2): 173-180.
  • Anderson, R.V., 1979. A supplemental key to species Helicotylenchus Steiner. 1945 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) described since 1972 and a description of H. oscephalus n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57(2): 337-342.
  • Anderson, R.V., Hooper, D.J., 1970. A neotype for Cephalobus persegnis Bastian. 1865. Redescription of the species. and observations on variability in taxonomic characters. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48(3): 457-469.
  • Anonymous, 2024. Current Global Market Situation and Medium-Term Outlook. The Food and Agriculture Organisation, (https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/ api/core/bitstreams/f912481a-3666-46e7-965e-30b227 a19994/content), (Accessed Date: 11.03.2025).
  • Anonymous, 2025. TURKSTAT. Turkish Statistical Institute, (https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr), (Accessed Date: 17.03.2025). (In Turkish).
  • Banerjee, B., 1992. Botanical classification of tea. In: K.C. Willson and M.N. Clifford (Eds.), Tea: Cultivation to Consumption, Chapman and Hall London, pp. 25-51.
  • Brzeski, M.W., 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev. 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue Nematology, 14(1): 9-59.
  • De Man, J.G., 1876. Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche voor de Dierkunde Vereen, 2: 78-196.
  • Ferris, H., Venette, R.C., Sipes, B.S., 2001. Nematode community structure as an indicator of soil health. In: Soil Health and Land Use Management, pp. 185-207.
  • Geraert, E., Raski, D.J., 1987. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). Revue Nematologia, 10(2): 143-161.
  • Handoo, Z.A., Golden, A.M., 1989. A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev. 1936 (lesion nematodes). Journal of Nematology, 21(2): 202-218.
  • Hazarika, L.K., Bhuyan, M., Hazarika, B.N., 2009. Insect pests of tea and their management. Annual Review of Entomology, 54: 267-284.
  • Huan, J., 1983. The identification of some species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) on tea seedlings in Zhejiang Province. Acta Agriculture Universitatis Zhejiangensis, 9(4): 343-359.
  • Kepenekci, I., Akgul, H.C., 1999. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Rize region, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 17(2): 181-184.
  • Khera, S., Chaturvedi, Y., 1977. Nematodes from tea plantations of Dehra Dun, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72(1-4): 125-152.
  • Kouser, N., Nisa, R.U., Allie, K.A., Shah, A.A., 2022. Nematode diversity and community structure assessment in different vegetations of Jammu division of J & K, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 14(1): 102-115.
  • Li, X., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Shi, W., Yang, D., Tarasco, E., 2014. Effects of organic and other management practices on soil nematode communities in tea plantation: a case study in southern China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177(4): 604-612.
  • Mohotti, M.K., 2013. Nematode parasites and their naturally occuring biocontrol agents in tea soils of Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Soil Biodiversity, Sri Lanka Institute of Development Administration (SLIDA), 10-11 December, Colombo, pp. 84-89.
  • Mukherjee, B., Dasgupta, M.K., 1982. Community analyses of plant parasitic nematodes in tea plantations, West Bengal, India. Nematologia Mediterranea, 10: 1-7.
  • Neher, D.A., Darby, B.J., 2009. General community indices that can be used for analysis of nematode assemblages. In: M. Wilson and T. Kakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 107-123.
  • Orisajo, S.B., 2012. Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with tea in Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(5): 459-463.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Aydoğan, M., Bayraklı, B., Kesim, E., Urla, Ö., Yıldız, H., Ünal, E., 2016. Levels of basic fertility and the spatial distribution of agricultural soils in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(1): 136-148. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Özyazıcı, G., Dengiz, O., 2011. Determination of micronutrients in tea plantations in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(22): 5174-5180.
  • Palomares-Rius, J.E., León-Ropero, G., Clavero-Camacho, I., Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Castillo, P., 2022. A new interactive web-based polytomous key for species identification of pin nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) with the use of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Article ID 6216266.
  • Paul, S., Ahmed, M., Mamun, M., Alam, M., 2018. Diversity of insect mite and nematode species in tea ecosystem of Bangladesh. Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 3(1): 31-44.
  • Pielou, E.C., 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 13: 131-144.
  • Saygın, F., Şavşatlı, Y., Dengiz, O., Yazıcı, K., Namlı, A., Karataş, A., Demirkaya, S., 2023. Soil quality assessment based on hybrid computational approach with spatial multi-criteria analysis and geographical information system for sustainable tea cultivation. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(2): 187-204.
  • Scholze, V.S., Sudhaus, W., 2011. A pictorial key to current genus groups of 'Rhabditidae'. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 14(2): 105-112.
  • Siddiqi, M.R., 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects. CABI International, Wallingford, UK. Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., de Goede, R. G. M., 2014. NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61: 90 -93.
  • Taher, I.E., Ami, S.N., Haleem, R.A., Shareef, B., 2017. First record of mycetophagous nematode Aphelenchus avenae in Iraq with description and testing their propagatıon on different fungus culture. Bulletin of The Iraq Natural History Museum, 14(3): 251-259.
  • Yeates, G.W., Ferris, H., Moens, T., Van Der Putten, W.H., 2009. The role of nematodes in ecosystems. In: M.J. Wilson and T. Khakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, CABI, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 1-44.
  • Yurteri, E., Ozcan, A., Seyis, F., 2019. Tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivation and breeding in Turkey: Past and present status. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 5(2): 111-119.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nematology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nur Sivri 0000-0003-3621-6121

Lerzan Öztürk 0000-0003-2199-6807

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date May 25, 2025
Acceptance Date June 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sivri, N., & Öztürk, L. (2025). Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(2), 185-194.
AMA Sivri N, Öztürk L. Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye. TÜTAD. June 2025;12(2):185-194.
Chicago Sivri, Nur, and Lerzan Öztürk. “Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, no. 2 (June 2025): 185-94.
EndNote Sivri N, Öztürk L (June 1, 2025) Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 2 185–194.
IEEE N. Sivri and L. Öztürk, “Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye”, TÜTAD, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 185–194, 2025.
ISNAD Sivri, Nur - Öztürk, Lerzan. “Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/2 (June 2025), 185-194.
JAMA Sivri N, Öztürk L. Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye. TÜTAD. 2025;12:185–194.
MLA Sivri, Nur and Lerzan Öztürk. “Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, 2025, pp. 185-94.
Vancouver Sivri N, Öztürk L. Assessment of Soil Health Using Nematode Communities in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plantations of Rize, Türkiye. TÜTAD. 2025;12(2):185-94.
 Download Cover Image

TARANILAN DİZİNLER

14658    14659     14660   14661  14662  14663  14664        

14665      14667