Research Article
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Turnover Intention: Testing the Mediational Role of Perceptions of Organizational Politics
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to analyze the
relationship between emotional intelligence and turnover intention and to
determine the mediating role of perception of politics in this relationship. AMOS 22 was used for testing model with structural equation modeling. The
results indicate that all dimensions of emotional intelligence except “Use of
emotion” was negatively and significantly related to turnover intention and
perception of politics. The positive relation between perception of politics and
turnover intention was also significant. Besides, it was found that perception
of politics mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and turnover
intention.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Turnover Intention, Perception of Politics,
Mediating Role.
References
- Abbasi, T. F. (2015). Impact of work overload on stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with moderating role of Islamic work ethics. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 2(1), 27-37. Ahuja, M. K., Chudoba, K. M., Kacmar, C. J., McKnight, H., and George, J. F. (2007). IT road warriors: Balancing work-family conflict, job autonomy, and work overload to mitigate turnover intentions. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 1-17. Altıntaş, F. Ç. (2007). Örgüt yapısının örgütsel politika ve işlem adaleti üzerine etkisinin yapısal denklem modellemesi yardımıyla analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 151-168. Andrews, M. C., and Kacmar., K. M. (2001). Discriminating among organizational politics, justice, and support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(4), 347-366. doi: 10.1002/job.92 Arı, G. S., Bal, H., and Bal, E. Ç. (2010). İşe bağlılığın tükenmişlik ve işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisindeki aracılık etkisi: Yatırım uzmanları üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(3), 143-166. Asad, A., Saleem, M. B., and Durrani, A. B. (2014). The relationship between perception of organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes: empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Human Social Science (F), 14(5), 24-31. Balogun, A. G., and Olowodunoye, S. A. (2012). Psychological factors aspredictors of turnover intention among employees of post consolidation banks in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 8(20), 81-95. Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: User’s manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems. Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13-25. Bedi, A., and Schat, A. C. (2013). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of its attitudinal, health, and behavioural consequences. Canadian Psychology, 54(4), 246–259. Beugré, C. D., and Liverpool, P. R. (2006). Politics as determinant of fairness perceptions in organizations. E. Vigoda-Gadot, and A. Drory inside, Handbook Of Organizational Politics (p. 122-138). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. Bodla, M. A., Afza, T., and Danish, R. Q. (2014). Relationship between organizational politics perceptions and employees’ performance; mediating role of social exchange perceptions. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(2), 426- 444. Bodla, M. A., Danish, R. Q., and Nawaz, M. M. (2012). Mediating role of perceived organizational politics in relating job characteristics to morale. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), 5185-5192. doi: 10.5897/AJBM11.1246 Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18 (8), 788-813. Chang, C.-H., Rosen, C. C., and Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 779–801. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2009.43670894 Cho, Y. J., and Lewis, G. B. (2012). Turnover intention and turnover behavior: Implications for retaining federal employees. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(1), 4–23. doi: 10.1177/0734371X11408701 Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., and Toth, P. (1997). The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18(2), 159-180. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199703)18:2<159::AID-JOB795>3.0.CO;2-D Daskin, M., and Tezer, M. (2012). Organizational politics and turnover: An empirical research from hospitality industry. Tourism, 60(3), 273 - 291. Doğan, S., and Şahin, F. (2007). Duygusal zeka: Tarihsel gelişimi ve örgütler için önemine kavramsal bir bakış. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 231-252. Ferris, G. R. (1989). Politics in organizations. R. A. (Eds.) inside, Impression management in the organization (p. 143-170). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., and Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions. The many faces of multi-level issues, 179 - 254. Ferris, G. R., Harrell-Cook, G., and Dulebohn, J. H. (2000). Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behavior. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 17, 89-130. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. Ghosh, P., Rai, A., Chauhan, R., Gupta, N., and Singh, A. (2015). Exploring the moderating role of context satisfaction between job characteristics and turnover intention of employees of Indian public sector banks. Journal of Management Development, 34(8), 1019-1030. doi: 10.1108/JMD-10-2014-0138 Glavas, A., and Godwin, L. N. (2013). Is the perception of ‘goodness’ good enough? Exploring the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and employee organizational identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 15-27. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1323-5 Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., and McKee, A. (2002). The emotional reality of teams. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 21(2), 55-65. doi: 10.1002/npr.10020 Harris, K. J., James, M., and Boonthanom, R. (2005). Perceptions of organizational politics and cooperation as moderators of the relationship between job strains and intent to turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 17(1), 26-42. Huang, C., Chuang, C.-H. J., and Lin., H.-C. (2003). The role of burnout in the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions. Public Personnel Management , 32 (4), 519-531. doi: 10.1177/009102600303200404 Islam, T., Rehman, S., and Ahmed, I. (2013). Investigating the mediating role of organizational politics between leadership style and followers' behavioral outcomes. Business Strategy Series, 14(2/3), 80-96. doi: 10.1108/17515631311325123 İslamoğlu, G., and Börü, D. (2007). Politik davranış boyutları: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İ.İ.İ.F Dergisi, 14, 135-153. İşmen, A. E. (2001). Duygusal zeka ve problem çözme. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 111-124. Jam, F. A., Khan, T. I., Anwar, F., Sheikh, R. A., and Kaur, S. (2012). Neuroticism and job outcomes: Mediating effects of perceived organizational politics. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7): 2508-2515. doi: 10.5897/AJBM10.1609 Jeswani, S., and Dave, S. (2012). Emotional intelligence as an antecedent of turnover intention: An empirical analysis on faculty members. International Journal of Management, 3(2):387-400. Jordan, P. J., and Troth, A. (2011). Emotional intelligence and leader member exchange. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 32(3), 260 - 280. doi: 10.1108/01437731111123915 Kacmar, K. M., and Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (POPS): A Multiple Sample Investigation. Journal of Management, 23(5), 627-658. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90019-2 Kane-Frieder, R. E., Hochwarter, W. A., Hampton, H. L., and Ferris, G. R. (2014). Supervisor political support as a buffer to subordinates' reactions to politics perceptions: A three-sample investigation. Career Development International, 19(1):27-48. doi: 10.1108/CDI-09-2013-0113 Koçak, R., and İçmenoğlu, E. (2012). Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin duygusal zeka ve yaratıcılık düzeylerinin yaşam doyumlarını yordayıcı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 73-85. Lau, C. M., and Scully, G. (2015). The roles of organizational politics and fairness in the relationship between performance management systems and trust. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 27(1), 25–53. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-51055 Law, K. S., Wong, C.-S., and Song, L. J. (2004). The constuct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utulity for management studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483-496. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.483 Liu, Y., Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Prati, M. L., Perrewé, P. L., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2006). The emotion of politics and the politics of emotions: Affective and cognitive reactions to politics as a stressor. E. Vigoda-Gadot, & A. Drory inside, Handbook Of Organizational Politics (p. 161-186). Northampton: Edward Elgar. Martin, T. N. (1979). A contextual model of employee turnover intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 313-324. doi: 10.2307/255592 Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? P. Salorey, & D. J. Sluyter inside, Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators (p. 3-32). New York: Basic Books. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., and Starenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. Emotion, 1(3), 232-242. doi: 10.1037//1528-3542.1.3.232 Mayes, B. T., and Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward a definition of organizational politics. The Academy of Management Review, 4(2), 672-678. 10.5465/AMR.1977.4406753 McCrae, R. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. R. Bar-On, and J. D. Parker inside, The handbook of emotional intelligence (p. 263-276). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Meisler, G. (2013). Empirical exploration of the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived organizational justice and turnover intentions. Employee Relations, 35 (4), 441 - 455. doi: 10.1108/ER-05-2012-0041 Meisler, G. (2014). Exploring emotional intelligence, political skill, and job satisfaction. Employee Relations, 36(3), 280 - 293. doi:10.1108/ER-02-2013-0021 Meisler, G., and Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2014). Perceived organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes emprical exploration of direct and indirect effects. Personnel Review, 43(1), 116-135. doi:10.1108/PR-02-2012-0040 Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., and Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209–222. doi: 10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5 Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organization as political arena. 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Improving the definition, measurement and application of emotional intelligence. K. R. Murphy inside, A critique of emotional intelligence: What are the problems and how can they be fixed? (p. 325-344). New York: Routhledge. Trivellas, P., Gerogiannis, V., and Svarna, S. (2013). Exploring workplace implications of Emotional Intelligence (WLEIS) in hospitals: Job satisfaction and turnover Intentions . The 2nd International Conference on Integrated Information (p. 701-709 ). Budapest: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.02.108 Utami, A. F., Bangun, Y. R., and Lantu, D. C. (2014). Understanding the role of emotional intelligence and trust to the relationship between organizational politics and organizational commitment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 378-386. Vigoda-Gadot, E., and Meisler, G. (2010). Emotions in management and the management of emotions: The impact of emotional intelligence and organizational politics on public sector employees. 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The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Turnover Intention: Testing the Mediational Role of Perceptions of Organizational Politics
Abstract
The main aim of this
study is to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and turnover
intention and to determine the mediating role of perception of politics in this
relationship. AMOS 22 was used for testing model with
structural equation modeling. The results indicate that all dimensions
of emotional intelligence except “Use of emotion” was negatively and significantly
related to turnover intention and perception of politics. The positive relation
between perception of politics and turnover intention was also significant.
Besides, it was found that perception of politics mediates the relationship
between emotional intelligence and turnover intention
References
- Abbasi, T. F. (2015). Impact of work overload on stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with moderating role of Islamic work ethics. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 2(1), 27-37. Ahuja, M. K., Chudoba, K. M., Kacmar, C. J., McKnight, H., and George, J. F. (2007). IT road warriors: Balancing work-family conflict, job autonomy, and work overload to mitigate turnover intentions. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 1-17. Altıntaş, F. Ç. (2007). Örgüt yapısının örgütsel politika ve işlem adaleti üzerine etkisinin yapısal denklem modellemesi yardımıyla analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 151-168. Andrews, M. C., and Kacmar., K. M. (2001). Discriminating among organizational politics, justice, and support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(4), 347-366. doi: 10.1002/job.92 Arı, G. S., Bal, H., and Bal, E. Ç. (2010). İşe bağlılığın tükenmişlik ve işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisindeki aracılık etkisi: Yatırım uzmanları üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(3), 143-166. Asad, A., Saleem, M. B., and Durrani, A. B. (2014). The relationship between perception of organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes: empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Human Social Science (F), 14(5), 24-31. Balogun, A. G., and Olowodunoye, S. A. (2012). Psychological factors aspredictors of turnover intention among employees of post consolidation banks in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 8(20), 81-95. Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: User’s manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems. Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13-25. Bedi, A., and Schat, A. C. (2013). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of its attitudinal, health, and behavioural consequences. Canadian Psychology, 54(4), 246–259. Beugré, C. D., and Liverpool, P. R. (2006). Politics as determinant of fairness perceptions in organizations. E. Vigoda-Gadot, and A. Drory inside, Handbook Of Organizational Politics (p. 122-138). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. Bodla, M. A., Afza, T., and Danish, R. Q. (2014). Relationship between organizational politics perceptions and employees’ performance; mediating role of social exchange perceptions. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(2), 426- 444. Bodla, M. A., Danish, R. Q., and Nawaz, M. M. (2012). Mediating role of perceived organizational politics in relating job characteristics to morale. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), 5185-5192. doi: 10.5897/AJBM11.1246 Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18 (8), 788-813. Chang, C.-H., Rosen, C. C., and Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 779–801. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2009.43670894 Cho, Y. J., and Lewis, G. B. (2012). Turnover intention and turnover behavior: Implications for retaining federal employees. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(1), 4–23. doi: 10.1177/0734371X11408701 Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., and Toth, P. (1997). The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18(2), 159-180. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199703)18:2<159::AID-JOB795>3.0.CO;2-D Daskin, M., and Tezer, M. (2012). Organizational politics and turnover: An empirical research from hospitality industry. Tourism, 60(3), 273 - 291. Doğan, S., and Şahin, F. (2007). Duygusal zeka: Tarihsel gelişimi ve örgütler için önemine kavramsal bir bakış. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 231-252. Ferris, G. R. (1989). Politics in organizations. R. A. (Eds.) inside, Impression management in the organization (p. 143-170). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., and Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions. The many faces of multi-level issues, 179 - 254. Ferris, G. R., Harrell-Cook, G., and Dulebohn, J. H. (2000). Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behavior. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 17, 89-130. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. Ghosh, P., Rai, A., Chauhan, R., Gupta, N., and Singh, A. (2015). Exploring the moderating role of context satisfaction between job characteristics and turnover intention of employees of Indian public sector banks. Journal of Management Development, 34(8), 1019-1030. doi: 10.1108/JMD-10-2014-0138 Glavas, A., and Godwin, L. N. (2013). Is the perception of ‘goodness’ good enough? Exploring the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and employee organizational identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 15-27. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1323-5 Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., and McKee, A. (2002). The emotional reality of teams. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 21(2), 55-65. doi: 10.1002/npr.10020 Harris, K. J., James, M., and Boonthanom, R. (2005). Perceptions of organizational politics and cooperation as moderators of the relationship between job strains and intent to turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 17(1), 26-42. Huang, C., Chuang, C.-H. J., and Lin., H.-C. (2003). The role of burnout in the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions. Public Personnel Management , 32 (4), 519-531. doi: 10.1177/009102600303200404 Islam, T., Rehman, S., and Ahmed, I. (2013). Investigating the mediating role of organizational politics between leadership style and followers' behavioral outcomes. Business Strategy Series, 14(2/3), 80-96. doi: 10.1108/17515631311325123 İslamoğlu, G., and Börü, D. (2007). Politik davranış boyutları: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İ.İ.İ.F Dergisi, 14, 135-153. İşmen, A. E. (2001). Duygusal zeka ve problem çözme. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 111-124. Jam, F. A., Khan, T. I., Anwar, F., Sheikh, R. A., and Kaur, S. (2012). Neuroticism and job outcomes: Mediating effects of perceived organizational politics. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7): 2508-2515. doi: 10.5897/AJBM10.1609 Jeswani, S., and Dave, S. (2012). Emotional intelligence as an antecedent of turnover intention: An empirical analysis on faculty members. International Journal of Management, 3(2):387-400. Jordan, P. J., and Troth, A. (2011). Emotional intelligence and leader member exchange. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 32(3), 260 - 280. doi: 10.1108/01437731111123915 Kacmar, K. M., and Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (POPS): A Multiple Sample Investigation. Journal of Management, 23(5), 627-658. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90019-2 Kane-Frieder, R. E., Hochwarter, W. A., Hampton, H. L., and Ferris, G. R. (2014). Supervisor political support as a buffer to subordinates' reactions to politics perceptions: A three-sample investigation. Career Development International, 19(1):27-48. doi: 10.1108/CDI-09-2013-0113 Koçak, R., and İçmenoğlu, E. (2012). Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin duygusal zeka ve yaratıcılık düzeylerinin yaşam doyumlarını yordayıcı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 73-85. Lau, C. M., and Scully, G. (2015). The roles of organizational politics and fairness in the relationship between performance management systems and trust. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 27(1), 25–53. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-51055 Law, K. S., Wong, C.-S., and Song, L. J. (2004). The constuct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utulity for management studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483-496. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.483 Liu, Y., Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Prati, M. L., Perrewé, P. L., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2006). The emotion of politics and the politics of emotions: Affective and cognitive reactions to politics as a stressor. E. Vigoda-Gadot, & A. Drory inside, Handbook Of Organizational Politics (p. 161-186). Northampton: Edward Elgar. Martin, T. N. (1979). A contextual model of employee turnover intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 313-324. doi: 10.2307/255592 Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? P. Salorey, & D. J. Sluyter inside, Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators (p. 3-32). New York: Basic Books. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., and Starenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. Emotion, 1(3), 232-242. doi: 10.1037//1528-3542.1.3.232 Mayes, B. T., and Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward a definition of organizational politics. The Academy of Management Review, 4(2), 672-678. 10.5465/AMR.1977.4406753 McCrae, R. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. R. Bar-On, and J. D. Parker inside, The handbook of emotional intelligence (p. 263-276). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Meisler, G. (2013). Empirical exploration of the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived organizational justice and turnover intentions. Employee Relations, 35 (4), 441 - 455. doi: 10.1108/ER-05-2012-0041 Meisler, G. (2014). Exploring emotional intelligence, political skill, and job satisfaction. Employee Relations, 36(3), 280 - 293. doi:10.1108/ER-02-2013-0021 Meisler, G., and Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2014). Perceived organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes emprical exploration of direct and indirect effects. Personnel Review, 43(1), 116-135. doi:10.1108/PR-02-2012-0040 Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., and Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209–222. doi: 10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5 Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00069.x Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., and Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.63.4.408 Ojedokun, O., Idemudia, E. S., and Desouza, M. (2015). Perceived external prestige as a mediator between quality of work life and organisational commitment of public sector employees in Ghana. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41(1), 1-10. doi: 10.4102/sajip. v41i1.1216 Poon, J. M. (2003). Situational antecedents and outcomes of organizational politics perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(2), 138- 155. doi: 10.1108/02683940310465036 Prati, L. M., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., Ammeter, A. P., and Buckley, M. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 21-40. doi: 10.1108/eb028961 Robbins, S. 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Details
| Subjects | Economics, Business Administration |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 7, 2018 |
| Submission Date | October 3, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |