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Elit Karate Sporcularında Maksimal Egzersiz Sonrası Laktat Düzeyi, Öncelleme Zamanı ve Tepki Süresi Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 121 - 130, 30.06.2025

Hümeyra Karakaya , Taylan Hayri Balcıoğlu , Nuri Topsakal , Pemra Cöbek Ünalan

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1599901

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit karate sporcularında tükenişe kadar uygulanan mekik koşusu öncesi ve sonrası kan laktat (LA) seviyesi, öncelleme zamanı (ÖZ) ve tepki süresi (TS) parametrelerini karşılaştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırmaya, milli takım düzeyinde yarışan, yaş ortalaması 20,3±1,6 yıl olan 10 elit erkek karate sporcusu katılmıştır. Ön testlerde dinlenim durumunda LA ölçülmüş, ardından TS ve ÖZ ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sporcular, ardından tükenişe kadar mekik koşusu yapmış ve aynı testler tekrar edilmiştir. ÖZ testinde 5, 10 ve 30 ms hızlarda sunulan ışıklı uyaranlara verilen tepki ile hata skorları hesaplanmıştır. TS ölçümleri ışıklı uyaranla 12 tekrar halinde uygulanmış, en yüksek ve en düşük değerler çıkarılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler Shapiro-Wilk normallik testi ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Dinlenim ve yüklenme sonrası LA değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,005). ÖZ ve TS ölçümlerinde ise ön test ve son test sonuçları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Maksimal mekik koşusunun oluşturduğu yüksek LA artışına rağmen, karate sporcularının TS ve ÖZ performanslarının korunabildiği gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, sporcuların yüksek şiddetli egzersizlere karşı gelişmiş fizyolojik ve psikomotor adaptasyonlara sahip olduklarını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Karate Kan Laktat Öncelleme Zamanı Tepki Süresi

References

  • Acar, S., & Aktağ, I. (2024). Determining the Anticipation Times of Athletes Participating and Non-Participating in Volleyball, Handball, and Basketball School Sports at Secondary Schools. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 43-47.
  • Akbulut, M., Aktağ, I., & Akpınar, S. (2015). Takım sporu ile bireysel spor yapan öğrencilerin sezinleme zamanlarının incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(4), 154-164.
  • Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiological reviews, 88(1), 287-332.
  • Aslan, K., Saygın, Ö., & Ceylan, H. İ. (2018). Futbol hakemlerinin farklı egzersiz şiddetlerinde sezinleme zamanı, kan laktat düzeyi ve karar verme becerilerinin incelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 260-276.
  • Bajkowski, D.S., & Cynarski, W.J. (2024). Testing faktors influencing handgrip strength and reaction time to visual stimulus in selected martial arts. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences. 105 (34), 46-59.
  • Balcıoğlu, T., İlgen Uslu, F., Çotuk, B., & Duru, A. D. (2023). Elit Karate Sporcularında Farklılaşan Beyin Yolaklarının Uzamsal İstatistik Yöntemiyle Analizi. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences- IJSETS, 9(3), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1325597
  • Bıyıklı, M. (2018). Erkek karate sporcularında yorgunluğun hedefe yönelik hareket koordinasyonuna etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Bourara, A., Nemeth, Z., Methnani, J., & Wilhelm, M., (2023). Impact of Fatigue on the Balance and Reaction Time of Amateur Padel Athletes. Asian J Sports Med.2023;14(4): e133550.https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-133550.
  • Can, İ., & Cihan, H. (2013). Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testleri ve sportif performans üzerine genel bir değerlendirme. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 81-94.
  • Can, S. (2007). 10-12 yaş grubundaki erkek tenisçiler, masa tenisçiler ve aynı yaş grubundaki sedanterlerin reaksiyon zamanlarının karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Chaabène, H., Franchini, E., Miarka, B., Selmi, M. A., Mkaouer, B., & Chamari, K. (2014). Time–motion analysis and physiological responses to karate official combat sessions: Is there a difference between winners and defeated karatekas. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(2), 302-308.
  • Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research, 1453, 87-101.
  • Chmura, J., & Nazar, K. (2010). Parallel changes in the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and threshold of psychomotor performance deterioration during incremental exercise after training in athletes. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 75(3), 287-290.
  • Chmura, J., Nazar, K. & Kaciuba-Uścilko H. (1994). Choice Reaction Time During Graded Exercise in Relation to Blood Lactate and Plasma Catecholamine Thresholds. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(4), 172-176.
  • Çetintaş, Y., & Yavuz, Ü. (Editor), (2021). Karate Do Mücadele Sanatı. Gökçe Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık.
  • Davranche, K., & Audiffren, M. (2004). Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 22(5), 419-428.
  • Doğru, E., Alemdaroğlu, U., Köklü, Y., & Alptekin, A. (2013). Genç futbolcularda yo-yo aralıklı toparlanma test (seviye 1) ve tekrarlı sprint test performanslarının değerlendirilmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(3), 226-233.
  • Draper, S., McMorris, T., & Parker, J. K. (2010). Effect of acute exercise of differing intensities on simple and choice reaction and movement times. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 536-541.
  • Forsyth, J. J., & Farrally, M. R. (2000). A comparison of lactate concentration in plasma collected from the toe, ear, and fingertip after a simulated rowing exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(1), 35-38.
  • Gençoğlu, C., Gül, M., Ulupınar, S., Özbay, S., Tanyeli, A., Şebin, S. Ö., & Öncan, E. (2022). Egzersizde Asit-Baz Homeostazi Bir Geleneksel Derleme. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 74-94.
  • Green, H. J., (1997). Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise, Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(3), 247-256.
  • Habay, J., Van Cutsem, J., Verschueren, J., De Bock, S., Proost, M., De Wachter, J., ... Roelands, B. (2021). Mental fatigue and sport-specific psychomotor performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 51, 1527-1548.
  • Hazır, T., Aşçı, A., Cinemre, A., & Açıkada, C. (2010). Laktik asitin ölçümünde kullanılan bir el analizörünün değerlendirilmesi: lactate scout (+)'in güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 79-89.
  • Işın, A., Löklüoğlu, B., Türk, A., & Melekoğlu, T. (2018). Maksimal Aerobik Egzersiz Sonrası Laktat Seviyelerinde Cinsiyet Farklılıkları. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 146-154.
  • Lyons, M., Al-Nakeeb, Y., & Nevill, A. (2008). Post-exercise coincidence anticipation in expert and novice Gaelic games players: the effects of exercise intensity. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(4), 205-216.
  • McMorris, T., Myers, S., Macgıllıvary, W. W., Sexsmith, J. R., Fallowfield, J., Graydon, J., … Forster, D. (1999). Exercise, plasma catecholamine concentrations and decision-making performance of soccer players on a soccer-specific test. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(8), 667-676.
  • McMorris, T., Turner, A., Hale, B. J., & Sproule, J. (2009). Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects. ‘Physiology & Behavior’, ‘97’(3-4), 425-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.023
  • Milazzo, N., Farrow, D., Ruffault, A., & Fournier, J. F. (2016). Do karate fighters use situational probability information to improve decision-making performance during on-mat tasks? Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(16), 1547-1556.
  • Mori, S., Ohtani, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002). Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human movement science, 21(2), 213-230.
  • Nuri, L., Shadmehr, A., Ghotbi, N., & Attarbashi Moghadam, B. (2013). Reaction time and anticipatory skill of athletes in open and closed skill-dominated sport. European journal of sport science, 13(5), 431-436.
  • Ramella, R. J. (1984). Effect of knowledge of results on anticipation timing by young children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59(2), 519-525.
  • Sant’Ana, J., Franchini, E., da Silva, V., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2017). Effect of fatigue on reaction time, response time, performance time, and kick impact in taekwondo roundhouse kick. Sports biomechanics, 16(2), 201-209.
  • Şimşek, D., & Ertan, H. (2011). Postural kontrol ve spor: kassal yorgunluk ve postural kontrol ilişkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(4), 119-124.
  • Taner, U., İşoğlu, S., Yıldırım, E., Işıkcı Koca, E., & Duru, D. G. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between maximum volume of oxygen consumption and electrophysiological measurements. Electric Electronics, Computer Science, Biomedical Engineerings' Meeting (EBBT): İstanbul.
  • Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta psychologica, 112(3), 297-324.
  • Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.
  • Yu, Y., Zhang, L., Cheng, M. Y., Liang, Z., Zhang, M., & Qi, F. (2025). The effects of different fatigue types on action anticipation and physical performance in high-level volleyball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-13.
  • Zemková, E., Miklovič, P., & Hamar, D. (2009). There is a relationship between intensity of exercise and reaction time on laterally concordant and discordant stimuli. Acta Kinesiologica, 3(1), 59-63.

Investigation of Changes in Lactate Level, Anticipation Time and Reaction Time After Maximal Exercise in Elite Karate Athletes

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 121 - 130, 30.06.2025

Hümeyra Karakaya , Taylan Hayri Balcıoğlu , Nuri Topsakal , Pemra Cöbek Ünalan

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1599901

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare blood lactate (LA) levels, update time (UT), and reaction time (RT) parameters in elite karate athletes before and after a shuttle run performed to exhaustion.
Methods: Ten elite male karate athletes competing at the national level (mean age: 20.3±1.6 years) voluntarily participated in the study. In the pre-test phase, LA measurements were taken at rest, followed by RT and UT tests recorded with millisecond precision. Participants then performed a shuttle run until exhaustion, after which the same tests were repeated. In the UT test, visual light stimuli were presented at 5 ms, 10 ms, and 30 ms speeds (5 repetitions each), and participants were asked to stop the light at a predetermined target. Error scores were calculated from UT data before analysis. RT was measured using 12 repetitions with a visual stimulus, and each athlete’s highest and lowest scores were excluded before statistical evaluation. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for data analysis.
Results: A significant difference was found between resting LA levels (1.2±0.2 mmol/L) and post-run LA levels (11.8±1.5 mmol/L) (p=0.005). However, no significant differences were observed in UT or RT parameters between pre- and post-tests.
Conclusion: Despite the marked increase in LA following maximal shuttle running, athletes were able to maintain their RT and UT performance. This suggests that the exercise remained within optimal limits of the inverted-U relationship and did not induce central nervous system fatigue. The results may reflect the athletes’ neuromuscular adaptations to high-intensity training.

Keywords

Karate Blood Lactate Anticipation Time Response Time

References

  • Acar, S., & Aktağ, I. (2024). Determining the Anticipation Times of Athletes Participating and Non-Participating in Volleyball, Handball, and Basketball School Sports at Secondary Schools. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 43-47.
  • Akbulut, M., Aktağ, I., & Akpınar, S. (2015). Takım sporu ile bireysel spor yapan öğrencilerin sezinleme zamanlarının incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(4), 154-164.
  • Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiological reviews, 88(1), 287-332.
  • Aslan, K., Saygın, Ö., & Ceylan, H. İ. (2018). Futbol hakemlerinin farklı egzersiz şiddetlerinde sezinleme zamanı, kan laktat düzeyi ve karar verme becerilerinin incelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 260-276.
  • Bajkowski, D.S., & Cynarski, W.J. (2024). Testing faktors influencing handgrip strength and reaction time to visual stimulus in selected martial arts. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences. 105 (34), 46-59.
  • Balcıoğlu, T., İlgen Uslu, F., Çotuk, B., & Duru, A. D. (2023). Elit Karate Sporcularında Farklılaşan Beyin Yolaklarının Uzamsal İstatistik Yöntemiyle Analizi. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences- IJSETS, 9(3), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1325597
  • Bıyıklı, M. (2018). Erkek karate sporcularında yorgunluğun hedefe yönelik hareket koordinasyonuna etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Bourara, A., Nemeth, Z., Methnani, J., & Wilhelm, M., (2023). Impact of Fatigue on the Balance and Reaction Time of Amateur Padel Athletes. Asian J Sports Med.2023;14(4): e133550.https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-133550.
  • Can, İ., & Cihan, H. (2013). Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testleri ve sportif performans üzerine genel bir değerlendirme. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 81-94.
  • Can, S. (2007). 10-12 yaş grubundaki erkek tenisçiler, masa tenisçiler ve aynı yaş grubundaki sedanterlerin reaksiyon zamanlarının karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Chaabène, H., Franchini, E., Miarka, B., Selmi, M. A., Mkaouer, B., & Chamari, K. (2014). Time–motion analysis and physiological responses to karate official combat sessions: Is there a difference between winners and defeated karatekas. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(2), 302-308.
  • Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research, 1453, 87-101.
  • Chmura, J., & Nazar, K. (2010). Parallel changes in the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and threshold of psychomotor performance deterioration during incremental exercise after training in athletes. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 75(3), 287-290.
  • Chmura, J., Nazar, K. & Kaciuba-Uścilko H. (1994). Choice Reaction Time During Graded Exercise in Relation to Blood Lactate and Plasma Catecholamine Thresholds. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(4), 172-176.
  • Çetintaş, Y., & Yavuz, Ü. (Editor), (2021). Karate Do Mücadele Sanatı. Gökçe Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık.
  • Davranche, K., & Audiffren, M. (2004). Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 22(5), 419-428.
  • Doğru, E., Alemdaroğlu, U., Köklü, Y., & Alptekin, A. (2013). Genç futbolcularda yo-yo aralıklı toparlanma test (seviye 1) ve tekrarlı sprint test performanslarının değerlendirilmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(3), 226-233.
  • Draper, S., McMorris, T., & Parker, J. K. (2010). Effect of acute exercise of differing intensities on simple and choice reaction and movement times. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 536-541.
  • Forsyth, J. J., & Farrally, M. R. (2000). A comparison of lactate concentration in plasma collected from the toe, ear, and fingertip after a simulated rowing exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(1), 35-38.
  • Gençoğlu, C., Gül, M., Ulupınar, S., Özbay, S., Tanyeli, A., Şebin, S. Ö., & Öncan, E. (2022). Egzersizde Asit-Baz Homeostazi Bir Geleneksel Derleme. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 74-94.
  • Green, H. J., (1997). Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise, Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(3), 247-256.
  • Habay, J., Van Cutsem, J., Verschueren, J., De Bock, S., Proost, M., De Wachter, J., ... Roelands, B. (2021). Mental fatigue and sport-specific psychomotor performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 51, 1527-1548.
  • Hazır, T., Aşçı, A., Cinemre, A., & Açıkada, C. (2010). Laktik asitin ölçümünde kullanılan bir el analizörünün değerlendirilmesi: lactate scout (+)'in güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 79-89.
  • Işın, A., Löklüoğlu, B., Türk, A., & Melekoğlu, T. (2018). Maksimal Aerobik Egzersiz Sonrası Laktat Seviyelerinde Cinsiyet Farklılıkları. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 146-154.
  • Lyons, M., Al-Nakeeb, Y., & Nevill, A. (2008). Post-exercise coincidence anticipation in expert and novice Gaelic games players: the effects of exercise intensity. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(4), 205-216.
  • McMorris, T., Myers, S., Macgıllıvary, W. W., Sexsmith, J. R., Fallowfield, J., Graydon, J., … Forster, D. (1999). Exercise, plasma catecholamine concentrations and decision-making performance of soccer players on a soccer-specific test. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(8), 667-676.
  • McMorris, T., Turner, A., Hale, B. J., & Sproule, J. (2009). Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects. ‘Physiology & Behavior’, ‘97’(3-4), 425-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.023
  • Milazzo, N., Farrow, D., Ruffault, A., & Fournier, J. F. (2016). Do karate fighters use situational probability information to improve decision-making performance during on-mat tasks? Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(16), 1547-1556.
  • Mori, S., Ohtani, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002). Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human movement science, 21(2), 213-230.
  • Nuri, L., Shadmehr, A., Ghotbi, N., & Attarbashi Moghadam, B. (2013). Reaction time and anticipatory skill of athletes in open and closed skill-dominated sport. European journal of sport science, 13(5), 431-436.
  • Ramella, R. J. (1984). Effect of knowledge of results on anticipation timing by young children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59(2), 519-525.
  • Sant’Ana, J., Franchini, E., da Silva, V., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2017). Effect of fatigue on reaction time, response time, performance time, and kick impact in taekwondo roundhouse kick. Sports biomechanics, 16(2), 201-209.
  • Şimşek, D., & Ertan, H. (2011). Postural kontrol ve spor: kassal yorgunluk ve postural kontrol ilişkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(4), 119-124.
  • Taner, U., İşoğlu, S., Yıldırım, E., Işıkcı Koca, E., & Duru, D. G. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between maximum volume of oxygen consumption and electrophysiological measurements. Electric Electronics, Computer Science, Biomedical Engineerings' Meeting (EBBT): İstanbul.
  • Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta psychologica, 112(3), 297-324.
  • Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.
  • Yu, Y., Zhang, L., Cheng, M. Y., Liang, Z., Zhang, M., & Qi, F. (2025). The effects of different fatigue types on action anticipation and physical performance in high-level volleyball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-13.
  • Zemková, E., Miklovič, P., & Hamar, D. (2009). There is a relationship between intensity of exercise and reaction time on laterally concordant and discordant stimuli. Acta Kinesiologica, 3(1), 59-63.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hümeyra Karakaya 0000-0002-9659-5314

Taylan Hayri Balcıoğlu 0000-0001-5645-2514

Nuri Topsakal 0000-0003-1583-107X

Pemra Cöbek Ünalan 0000-0003-3446-7082

Early Pub Date June 28, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date December 11, 2024
Acceptance Date April 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karakaya, H., Balcıoğlu, T. H., Topsakal, N., Cöbek Ünalan, P. (2025). Elit Karate Sporcularında Maksimal Egzersiz Sonrası Laktat Düzeyi, Öncelleme Zamanı ve Tepki Süresi Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 11(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1599901
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