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Decarbonization of Heavy Industry and Green Steels

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 293 - 304, 28.04.2025

Musatafa Safa Yılmaz , Fevzi Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1524063

Abstract

The production of cement, steel, and chemicals; land, sea and air transportation; heating and cooling functions in homes and workplaces are energy-hungry and environmentally detrimental. As a new breakthrough, sustainable-renewable energy sources come to the fore in the energy context, while decarbonization takes the lead in the environmental context. Today, the question " Can carbon removal become a 1 trillion-dollar business?" is being asked in the industrial world. Obviously, a carbonless economy is difficult in heavy industry, especially in the steel sector. The main theme of this study is to discuss and examine the challenges of a decarbonized economy in heavy industry, especially in the steel sector.

Keywords

Decarburization Green Steel Sponge Iron Liquid Oxide Electrolysis

References

  • Abdeen Mustafa Omer, (2008), Focus on low carbon technologies: The positive solution, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,Volume 12, Issue 9, Sayfa 2331-2357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.015.
  • Allanore A., Yin L. ve Sadoway D. R. (2013), A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis, Nature, 497, 353–356, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12134
  • Benson, S. M., & Orr, F. M. (2008). Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. MRS Bulletin, 33(4), 303–305. doi:10.1557/mrs2008.63
  • Carter, M.S., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Heiske, S., Jensen, M., Thomsen, S.T., Schmidt, J.E., Johansen, A. and Ambus, P. (2012), Consequences of field N2O emissions for the environmental sustainability of plant-based biofuels produced within an organic farming system. Glob. Change Biol. Bioenergy, 4: 435-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01132.x.
  • Dell’Aversano, S., Villante, C., Gallucci, K., Vanga, G., & Di Giuliano, A. (2024). E-Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of the Most Promising Technological Alternatives towards an Energy Transition. Energies, 17(16), 3995. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163995
  • Draxler M., Schenk J., Bürgler T. ve Sormann A., Berg (2020), The steel industry in the european union on the crossroad to carbon lean production—status, initiatives and challenges, BHM Berg- und Huettenmaenn Monatsh, 165 (5) 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-00975-2
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  • https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2022/04/new-eth-unicorn-climeworks-raises-chf-600-million.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.iipinetwork.org/wp-content/Ietd/content/direct-reduced-iron.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.ispatguru.com/green-steelmaking/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.steelradar.com/en/afrika-ormani-altinda-gomulu-demir-cevheri-zenginlikleri-icin-yaris- basladi-77890/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Direct%20Reduction%20of%20Iron%20Process.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://watchwire.ai/carbon-capture-utilization-storage-pipe-dream-potential-solution/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • Holappa L., (2020), A general vision for reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions from the steel industry, Metals, 10(9), 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091117
  • Jinsoo Kim, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Morgan Bazilian, Steve Griffiths, Junghwan Lee, Minyoung Yang, Jordy Lee, (2022), Decarbonizing the iron and steel industry: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options, Energy Research & Social Science, Sayı 89, 102565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102565.
  • Mattisson, Tobias, (2013), Materials for Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling, International Scholarly Research Notices, 526375, 19 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/526375
  • Li, G., & Yao, J. (2024). Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges. Eng, 5(3), 1298-1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030069
  • Pei M., Petäjäniem M., Regnell A., ve Wijk O., (2020), Toward a fossil free future with hybrit: development of iron and steelmaking technology in Sweden and Finland, Metals, 10(7), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070972
  • Rechberger K., Spanlang A., Conde A. S., Wolfmeir H. ve Harris C., (2020), Green hydrogen-based direct reduction for low-carbon steelmaking, Steel Research International, 91. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000110
  • Reddy, V. J., Hariram, N. P., Maity, R., Ghazali, M. F., & Kumarasamy, S. (2023). Sustainable E-Fuels: Green Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia for Carbon-Neutral Transportation. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 14(12), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14120349
  • Romasheva, N., & Cherepovitsyna, A. (2023). Renewable Energy Sources in Decarbonization: The Case of Foreign and Russian Oil and Gas Companies. Sustainability, 15(9), 7416. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097416
  • Rosson, E., Sgarbossa, P., Pedrielli, F. et al. , (2021), Bioliquids from raw waste animal fats: an alternative renewable energy source. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1475–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00634-z
  • Shahabuddin M., Brooks G., Rhamdhani M. A., (2023), Decarbonisation and hydrogen integration of steel industries: Recent development, challenges and technoeconomic analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production, 395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136391
  • Şahin S., (2012), Endüstri çelik üretimini karbondan arındırabilir mi?, İnovatif Kimya Dergisi
  • Tecdelioğlu Mustafa, (2024), Çelik üretiminde hidrojen kullanımı ne kadar mümkün?
  • The Economist, (2023a), Green energy:Making petrol from thin air, June 10th, 68
  • The Economist, (2023b), Net zero flying: Green sky thinking, May 20th, 58-60
  • The Economist, (2023)c, Climate technology: A giant sucking sound, May 27th, 55-57
  • The Economist, (2023d), Carbon removal:The great carbon valley, June 17th, 27-28
  • The Economist, (2023e), Decarbonising industry, June 16th, 69
  • The Economist, (2023f), Metallurgy and global warming, June 3rd, 69
  • White, C. M., Strazisar, B. R., Granite, E. J., Hoffman, J. S., & Pennline, H. W., (2003), Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations—Coalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53(6), 645–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466206
  • Yılmaz F., (2023) “Ağır sanayi ve karbonsuzlaştırılması”, Ekonomim/Köşe yazısı.
  • Yılmaz F., (2021), Hava kirliliği, bileşenleri ve sağlık, FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 Güz, s:242-244
  • Zhiyuan Fan, S. Julio Friedmann, (2021), Low-carbon production of iron and steel: Technology options, economic assessment, and policy, Joule, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 829-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.02.018.

AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 293 - 304, 28.04.2025

Musatafa Safa Yılmaz , Fevzi Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1524063

Abstract

Çimento, çelik ve kimyasalların üretimi; kara, deniz ve hava yolu ulaşımı; evlerde ve iş yerlerindeki ısıtma ve soğutma işlevleri enerji obur ve çevre oburdur. Yeni atılım olarak, enerji bağlamında sürdürülebilir-yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları öne çıkarken, çevre bağlamında karbonsuzlaştırma (dekarbonizasyon) başı çekmektedir. Bugün endüstri dünyasında, “Karbonsuzlaştırma 1 trilyon dolarlık bir iş kolu olur mu?” sorusu sorulmaya başlanmıştır. Ağır sanayi, özellikle çelik sektörü özelinde karbonsuz ekosistemin oluşturulmasındaki zorlukları tartışmak ve incelemek bu çalışmanın ana temasıdır.

Keywords

Karbonsuzlaştırma Yeşil Çelik Sünger Demir Sıvı Oksit Elektrolizi

References

  • Abdeen Mustafa Omer, (2008), Focus on low carbon technologies: The positive solution, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,Volume 12, Issue 9, Sayfa 2331-2357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.015.
  • Allanore A., Yin L. ve Sadoway D. R. (2013), A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis, Nature, 497, 353–356, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12134
  • Benson, S. M., & Orr, F. M. (2008). Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. MRS Bulletin, 33(4), 303–305. doi:10.1557/mrs2008.63
  • Carter, M.S., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Heiske, S., Jensen, M., Thomsen, S.T., Schmidt, J.E., Johansen, A. and Ambus, P. (2012), Consequences of field N2O emissions for the environmental sustainability of plant-based biofuels produced within an organic farming system. Glob. Change Biol. Bioenergy, 4: 435-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01132.x.
  • Dell’Aversano, S., Villante, C., Gallucci, K., Vanga, G., & Di Giuliano, A. (2024). E-Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of the Most Promising Technological Alternatives towards an Energy Transition. Energies, 17(16), 3995. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163995
  • Draxler M., Schenk J., Bürgler T. ve Sormann A., Berg (2020), The steel industry in the european union on the crossroad to carbon lean production—status, initiatives and challenges, BHM Berg- und Huettenmaenn Monatsh, 165 (5) 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-00975-2
  • https://driftinginandoutofsteel.wordpress.com/tag/processes, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2022/04/new-eth-unicorn-climeworks-raises-chf-600-million.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.iipinetwork.org/wp-content/Ietd/content/direct-reduced-iron.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.ispatguru.com/green-steelmaking/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.steelradar.com/en/afrika-ormani-altinda-gomulu-demir-cevheri-zenginlikleri-icin-yaris- basladi-77890/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Direct%20Reduction%20of%20Iron%20Process.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • https://watchwire.ai/carbon-capture-utilization-storage-pipe-dream-potential-solution/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
  • Holappa L., (2020), A general vision for reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions from the steel industry, Metals, 10(9), 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091117
  • Jinsoo Kim, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Morgan Bazilian, Steve Griffiths, Junghwan Lee, Minyoung Yang, Jordy Lee, (2022), Decarbonizing the iron and steel industry: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options, Energy Research & Social Science, Sayı 89, 102565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102565.
  • Mattisson, Tobias, (2013), Materials for Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling, International Scholarly Research Notices, 526375, 19 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/526375
  • Li, G., & Yao, J. (2024). Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges. Eng, 5(3), 1298-1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030069
  • Pei M., Petäjäniem M., Regnell A., ve Wijk O., (2020), Toward a fossil free future with hybrit: development of iron and steelmaking technology in Sweden and Finland, Metals, 10(7), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070972
  • Rechberger K., Spanlang A., Conde A. S., Wolfmeir H. ve Harris C., (2020), Green hydrogen-based direct reduction for low-carbon steelmaking, Steel Research International, 91. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000110
  • Reddy, V. J., Hariram, N. P., Maity, R., Ghazali, M. F., & Kumarasamy, S. (2023). Sustainable E-Fuels: Green Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia for Carbon-Neutral Transportation. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 14(12), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14120349
  • Romasheva, N., & Cherepovitsyna, A. (2023). Renewable Energy Sources in Decarbonization: The Case of Foreign and Russian Oil and Gas Companies. Sustainability, 15(9), 7416. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097416
  • Rosson, E., Sgarbossa, P., Pedrielli, F. et al. , (2021), Bioliquids from raw waste animal fats: an alternative renewable energy source. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1475–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00634-z
  • Shahabuddin M., Brooks G., Rhamdhani M. A., (2023), Decarbonisation and hydrogen integration of steel industries: Recent development, challenges and technoeconomic analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production, 395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136391
  • Şahin S., (2012), Endüstri çelik üretimini karbondan arındırabilir mi?, İnovatif Kimya Dergisi
  • Tecdelioğlu Mustafa, (2024), Çelik üretiminde hidrojen kullanımı ne kadar mümkün?
  • The Economist, (2023a), Green energy:Making petrol from thin air, June 10th, 68
  • The Economist, (2023b), Net zero flying: Green sky thinking, May 20th, 58-60
  • The Economist, (2023)c, Climate technology: A giant sucking sound, May 27th, 55-57
  • The Economist, (2023d), Carbon removal:The great carbon valley, June 17th, 27-28
  • The Economist, (2023e), Decarbonising industry, June 16th, 69
  • The Economist, (2023f), Metallurgy and global warming, June 3rd, 69
  • White, C. M., Strazisar, B. R., Granite, E. J., Hoffman, J. S., & Pennline, H. W., (2003), Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations—Coalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53(6), 645–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466206
  • Yılmaz F., (2023) “Ağır sanayi ve karbonsuzlaştırılması”, Ekonomim/Köşe yazısı.
  • Yılmaz F., (2021), Hava kirliliği, bileşenleri ve sağlık, FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 Güz, s:242-244
  • Zhiyuan Fan, S. Julio Friedmann, (2021), Low-carbon production of iron and steel: Technology options, economic assessment, and policy, Joule, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 829-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.02.018.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Survey Articles
Authors

Musatafa Safa Yılmaz 0000-0003-2614-9121

Fevzi Yılmaz 0000-0003-3381-3035

Early Pub Date April 11, 2025
Publication Date April 28, 2025
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date January 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 30 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, M. S., & Yılmaz, F. (2025). AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 293-304. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1524063
AMA Yılmaz MS, Yılmaz F. AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER. UUJFE. April 2025;30(1):293-304. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1524063
Chicago Yılmaz, Musatafa Safa, and Fevzi Yılmaz. “AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA Ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 30, no. 1 (April 2025): 293-304. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1524063.
EndNote Yılmaz MS, Yılmaz F (April 1, 2025) AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 30 1 293–304.
IEEE M. S. Yılmaz and F. Yılmaz, “AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER”, UUJFE, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 293–304, 2025, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1524063.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Musatafa Safa - Yılmaz, Fevzi. “AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA Ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 30/1 (April 2025), 293-304. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1524063.
JAMA Yılmaz MS, Yılmaz F. AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER. UUJFE. 2025;30:293–304.
MLA Yılmaz, Musatafa Safa and Fevzi Yılmaz. “AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA Ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 30, no. 1, 2025, pp. 293-04, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1524063.
Vancouver Yılmaz MS, Yılmaz F. AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER. UUJFE. 2025;30(1):293-304.

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