Research Article
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The Impact of Natural Resource Rent, Economic Complexity and Economic Growth on Environmental Sustainability

Year 2025, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 207 - 224, 23.06.2025

Dilek Atılgan

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1538023

Abstract

Balancing global emissions in relation to climate change is one of the biggest challenges countries face. The threat of environmental degradation has attracted the attention of countries around the world as it causes global warming and interrupts the carbon cycle. This study investigates the impact of natural resource rent, economic complexity index and economic growth on environmental sustainability in MENA countries for the period 1998-2020. As empirical methods, cointegration test (Lagrange multiplier (LM)) and cointegration coefficient estimator (Common Correlated Effect (CCE)) method were used. The panel-wide results reveal that the impact of natural resource rent and economic complexity index on carbon emissions in the relevant countries is uncertain, while economic growth increases carbon emissions.
Key Words: Natural Resource Rent, Economic Complexity, Environmental Sustainability
JEL Classification: S34, F14, S56

Keywords

Natural Resource Rent Economic Complexity Environmental Sustainability

References

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  • Alvarado, R., Tillaguango, B., Dagar, V., Ahmad, M., Işık, C., Méndez, P. and Toledo, E. (2021). Ecological Footprint, Economic Complexity and Natural Resources Rents in Latin America: Empirical Evidence using Quantile Regressions. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 318, 128585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128585
  • Baykul, A. (2023). BRICS Ülkelerinde Finansal Gelişmişliği Etkileyen Faktörlerin Analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Cilt.19, Sayı. 3, 746-762.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A. and Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Toward a Sustainable Environment: Nexus Between CO2 Emissions, Resource Rent, Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy in 16-EU Countries. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 657, 1023-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104
  • Breusch, T. S. and Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 47, Iss. 1, 239-253. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297111
  • Bucak, Ç. (2021). AB15 Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Endeksi, Insani Gelişme Endeksi ve Karbon Emisyonu: Panel Veri Analizi. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol 12, Sayı 1, 71-88. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.763411
  • Cai, X., Li, K., Wang, W., Lu, Y. and Wang, R. (2023). The Role of Resource Rent in Shaping CO2 Emissions in BRICS Countries: A Panel Data Approach. Resources Policy, Vol. 85, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103857
  • Can, M. and Gozgor, G. (2017). The Impact of Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from France. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 24, 16364-16370.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9219-7
  • Chen, J. and Chen, Y. (2024). Does natural Resources Rent Promote Carbon Neutrality: The Role of Digital Finance. Resources Policy, Vol. 92, 105047.
  • Chopra, R., Magazzino, C., Shah, M. I., Sharma, G. D., Rao, A. and Shahzad, U. (2022). The Role of Renewable Energy and Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in ASEAN Countries: Do Carbon Emissions and Deforestation Affect Agriculture Productivity?. Resources Policy, Vol. 76, 102578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105047
  • Doğan, B., Driha, O. M., Balsalobre Lorente, D. and Shahzad, U. (2021). The Mitigating Effects of Economic Complexity and Renewable Energy on Carbon Emissions in Developed Countries. Sustainable Development, Vol. 29, Iss. 1, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2125.
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  • Kwakwa, P. A., Alhassan, H. and Adu, G. (2020). Effect of Natural Resources Extraction on Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Ghana. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 14, Iss. 1, 20-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2018-0003
  • Lapatinas, A., Garas, A., Boleti, E. and Kyriakou, A. (2019). Economic Complexity and Environmental Performance: Evidence from a World Sample. MPRA Paper No. 92833, 1-49. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92833/1/MPRA_paper_92833.pdf
  • Laverde-Rojas, H., Guevara-Fletcher, D. A. and Camacho-Murillo, A. (2021). Economic Growth, Economic Complexity, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Case of Colombia. Heliyon, Vol. 7, Iss. 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07188
  • Lei, X., Yang, Y., Alharthi, M., Rasul, F. and Raza, S. M. F. (2022). Immense Reliance on Natural Resources and Environmental Challenges in G-20 Economies Through the Lens of COP-26 Targets. Resources Policy, Vol. 79, 103101.
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Doğal Kaynak Rantı, Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 207 - 224, 23.06.2025

Dilek Atılgan

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1538023

Abstract

İklim değişikliğiyle ilişki olarak küresel emisyonların dengelenmesi, ülkelerin karşı karşıya olduğu en büyük zorluklardan biridir. Çevresel bozulma tehdidi, küresel ısınmaya neden olması ve karbon döngüsünü kesintiye uğratması sebebiyle dünya çapındaki ülkelerin dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu çalışma, MENA ülkelerinde 1998-2020 dönemi için doğal kaynak rantı, ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi ve ekonomik büyümenin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Ampirik yöntem olarak eşbütünleşme testi (Lagrange çarpanı (LM)) ve eşbütünleşme katsayı tahminci (Ortak İlişkili Etkiler- Common Correlated Effect (CCE)) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Panel geneli sonuçlar, doğal kaynak rantının ve ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksinin ilgili ülkelerde karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisinin belirsiz olduğunu ortaya koymakta iken ekonomik büyüme karbon emisyonlarını artırmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğal Kaynak Rantı, Ekonomik Karmaşıklık, Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik
JEL Sınıflandırması: S34, F14, S56

Keywords

Doğal Kaynak Rantı Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik

References

  • Albarracín E. S., Gamboa,J. C. and Marques, E.C.M., (2019). Complexity Analysis of Brazilian Agriculture and Energy Market. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 523, 933-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.134
  • Alvarado, R., Tillaguango, B., Dagar, V., Ahmad, M., Işık, C., Méndez, P. and Toledo, E. (2021). Ecological Footprint, Economic Complexity and Natural Resources Rents in Latin America: Empirical Evidence using Quantile Regressions. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 318, 128585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128585
  • Baykul, A. (2023). BRICS Ülkelerinde Finansal Gelişmişliği Etkileyen Faktörlerin Analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Cilt.19, Sayı. 3, 746-762.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A. and Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Toward a Sustainable Environment: Nexus Between CO2 Emissions, Resource Rent, Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy in 16-EU Countries. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 657, 1023-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104
  • Breusch, T. S. and Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 47, Iss. 1, 239-253. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297111
  • Bucak, Ç. (2021). AB15 Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Endeksi, Insani Gelişme Endeksi ve Karbon Emisyonu: Panel Veri Analizi. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol 12, Sayı 1, 71-88. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.763411
  • Cai, X., Li, K., Wang, W., Lu, Y. and Wang, R. (2023). The Role of Resource Rent in Shaping CO2 Emissions in BRICS Countries: A Panel Data Approach. Resources Policy, Vol. 85, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103857
  • Can, M. and Gozgor, G. (2017). The Impact of Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from France. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 24, 16364-16370.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9219-7
  • Chen, J. and Chen, Y. (2024). Does natural Resources Rent Promote Carbon Neutrality: The Role of Digital Finance. Resources Policy, Vol. 92, 105047.
  • Chopra, R., Magazzino, C., Shah, M. I., Sharma, G. D., Rao, A. and Shahzad, U. (2022). The Role of Renewable Energy and Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in ASEAN Countries: Do Carbon Emissions and Deforestation Affect Agriculture Productivity?. Resources Policy, Vol. 76, 102578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105047
  • Doğan, B., Driha, O. M., Balsalobre Lorente, D. and Shahzad, U. (2021). The Mitigating Effects of Economic Complexity and Renewable Energy on Carbon Emissions in Developed Countries. Sustainable Development, Vol. 29, Iss. 1, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2125.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. and Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic modelling, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, 1450-1460.
  • Gorus, M. S. and Aydin, M. (2019). The relationship Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and CO2 Emission in MENA Countries: Causality Analysis in the Frequency Domain. Energy, Vol. 168, 815-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.139
  • Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, C. A., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. and Simoes, A. (2014). The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity. Mit Press.
  • He, K., Ramzan, M., Awosusi, A. A., Ahmed, Z., Ahmad, M. and Altuntaş, M. (2021). Does Globalization Moderate the Effect of Economic Complexity on CO2 Emissions? Evidence from the Top 10 Energy Transition Economies. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 9, 778088. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.778088.
  • Hidalgo, C. A. and Hausmann, R. (2009). The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol, 106, 10570–10575.
  • Huang, Y., Raza, S. M. F. and Usman, M. (2023). Asymmetric Role of Natural Resources Dependence, Industrialization, and Foreign Direct Investment in China’s Economic Growth. Resources Policy, Vol. 85, 103932.
  • Jahanger, A., Awan, A., Anwar, A.,and Adebayo, T. S. (2023, August). Greening the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Economies: Assessing the Impact of Electricity Consumption, Natural Resources, and Renewable Energy on Environmental Footprint. In Natural Resources Forum, Vol. 47, Iss. 3, 484-503. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12294.
  • Jiang, Y., Sharif, A., Anwar, A., Cong, P. T., Lelchumanan, B., Yen, V. T. and Vinh, N. T. T. (2023). Does Green Growth in E-7 Countries Depend on Economic Policy Uncertainty, Institutional Quality, and Renewable Energy? Evidence from Quantile-Based Regression. Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 14, Iss. 6, 101652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101652.
  • Joshua, U. and Bekun, F. V. (2020). The Path to Achieving Environmental Sustainability in South Africa: The Role of Coal Consumption, Economic Expansion, Pollutant Emission, and Total Natural Resources Rent. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 27, Iss. 9 9435-9443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07546-0
  • Khezri, M., Heshmati, A. and Khodaei, M., (2022). Environmental Implications of Economic Complexity and its Role in Determining How Renewable Energies Affect CO2 Emissions. Appl. Energy Vol. 306, 117948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117948
  • Kwakwa, P. A., Alhassan, H. and Adu, G. (2020). Effect of Natural Resources Extraction on Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Ghana. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 14, Iss. 1, 20-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2018-0003
  • Lapatinas, A., Garas, A., Boleti, E. and Kyriakou, A. (2019). Economic Complexity and Environmental Performance: Evidence from a World Sample. MPRA Paper No. 92833, 1-49. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92833/1/MPRA_paper_92833.pdf
  • Laverde-Rojas, H., Guevara-Fletcher, D. A. and Camacho-Murillo, A. (2021). Economic Growth, Economic Complexity, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Case of Colombia. Heliyon, Vol. 7, Iss. 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07188
  • Lei, X., Yang, Y., Alharthi, M., Rasul, F. and Raza, S. M. F. (2022). Immense Reliance on Natural Resources and Environmental Challenges in G-20 Economies Through the Lens of COP-26 Targets. Resources Policy, Vol. 79, 103101.
  • Li, Z., Doğan, B., Ghosh, S., Chen, W. M. and Lorente, D. B. (2024). Economic Complexity, Natural Resources and Economic Progress in the Era of Sustainable Development: Findings in the Context of Resource Deployment Challenges. Resources Policy, Vol. 88, 104504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104504
  • McCoskey, S. and Kao, C. (1998). A Residual-Based Test of the Null of Cointegration in Panel Data. Econometric Reviews, Vol. 17, Iss. 1, 57-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/07474939808800403
  • Nazlıoğlu, S. and Karul, C. (2017, July). Panel LM Unit Root Test With Gradual Structural Shifts, 40th International Panel Data Conference, Thessaloniki-Greece.
  • Neagu, O. and Teodoru, M. C. (2019). The Relationship Between Economic Complexity, Energy Consumption Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Heterogeneous Panel Evidence from the EU Countries. Sustainability, Vol. 11, Iss. 2, 497.
  • OEC (Observatory of Economic Complexity. (2024). Economic Complexity Legacy Rankings (ECI). https://oec.world/en/rankings/country/eci (Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2024).
  • Örnek, İ. ve Türkmen, S. (2019). Gelişmiş ve Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi'nin Analizi. Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, Cilt. 28, Sayı. 3, 109-129.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61, Iss. 1, 653-670.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis. Econ. Theory, Vol. 20, 597–625. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3533533
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Available at SSRN 572504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.572504
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure. Econometrica, Vol. 74, Iss. 4, 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. and Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 142, Iss. 1, 50-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A. and Yamagata, T. (2008). A Bias‐Adjusted LM Test of error Cross‐Section Independence. The Econometrics Journal, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, 105-127.
  • Safi, A., Wei, X., Sansaloni, E. M. and Umar, M. (2023). Breaking Down the Complexity of Sustainable Development: A Focus on Resources, Economic Complexity, and Innovation. Resources Policy, Vol. 83, 103746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103746
  • Saud, S., Haseeb, A., Zafar, M. W. and Li, H. (2023). Articulating Natural Resource Abundance, Economic Complexity, Education and Environmental Sustainability in MENA Countries: Evidence from Advanced Panel Estimation. Resources Policy, Vol. 80, 103261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103261
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Economy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dilek Atılgan 0000-0002-3776-558X

Publication Date June 23, 2025
Submission Date August 24, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Atılgan, D. (2025). Doğal Kaynak Rantı, Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkisi. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 32(2), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1538023
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