Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: Erken Çevrimiçi Yayınlar
Öz
Backgrounds: The long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on survivors' mental health and its relationship with COVID-19 severity remain undetermined. We aimed to investigate the post-COVID sleep disturbances (poor sleep quality and insomnia) that persist beyond four weeks after acute COVID-19 infection and up to six months after the acute illness and the related factors.
Methods: We enrolled 188 participants 1-6 months after COVID-19 infection in this cross-sectional study. All participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Beck Anxiety Scale (Beck-A), the Beck Depression Scale (Beck-D), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).
Results: 43.6% and 41% of participants reported experiencing poor sleep quality and insomnia, respectively. Sociodemographic factors such as marital and employment status, education level, household size, smoking, alcohol consumption, follow-up time, and comorbidities did not significantly impact sleep quality and insomnia rates. However, our study's results showed that higher anxiety and depression scores were associated with worse sleep quality and insomnia.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the critical situation of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression risk in post-COVID-19 patients. Although the first COVID-19 pandemic has ended, analyzing worldwide data about the last pandemic is crucial for preparing for potential scenarios globally.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
This study was approved by Baskent University Institutional Review Board (Project no: KA21/193) and supported by Baskent University Research Fund.
Proje Numarası
KA21/193
Kaynakça
- 1. Yuki K, Fujiogi M and Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108427.
- 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions. 03.03.2024, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html
- 3. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, et al. Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ. 2021;372
- 4. Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(5):657-66.
- 5. Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, et al. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021;1486(1):90-111.
- 6. Ahmed GK, Khedr EM, Hamad DA, et al. Long term impact of Covid-19 infection on sleep and mental health: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2021;305:114243.
- 7. Kalamara E, Pataka A, Boutou A, et al. Persistent sleep quality deterioration among post-COVID-19 patients: results from a 6-month follow-up study. J Pers Med. 2022;12(11):1909.
- 8. Pinzon RT, Wijaya VO, Al Jody A, et al. Persistent neurological manifestations in long COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(8):856-69.
- 9. Steardo Jr L, Steardo L, Verkhratsky A, et al. Post‐COVID‐19 neuropsychiatric syndrome: Is maladaptive glial recovery to blame? Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021;233(2)
- 10. Akıncı T, Başar HM. Relationship between sleep quality and the psychological status of patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Sleep Med. 2021;80:167-70.
- 11. Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, et al. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):130-40.
- 12. Xu F, Wang X, Yang Y, et al. Depression and insomnia in COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional survey from Chinese rehabilitation centers in Anhui province. Sleep Med. 2022;91:161-165.
- 13. Lin Y, Liu S, Li S, et al. Relationships between the changes in sleep patterns and sleep quality among Chinese people during the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak. Sleep Med. 2022;91:154-60.
- 14. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600.
- 15. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7(2):107-15.
- 16. Boysan M, Güleç M, Besiroglu L, et al. Uykusuzluk Siddeti Indeksi'nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;11(3):248.
- 17. Morin CM, Belleville G, Bélanger L, et al. The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep. 2011;34(5):601-608.
- 18. Hisli N. Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Psikoloji dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
- 19. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163.
- 20. Chinvararak C and Chalder T. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with long COVID assessed by standardised questionnaires and diagnostic criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2023:111535.
- 21. Linh TTD, Ho DKN, Nguyen NN, et al. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 sleep disturbances in adults at different follow-up time points: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023:101833.
- 22. Pellitteri G, Surcinelli A, De Martino M, et al. Sleep alterations following COVID-19 are associated with both neuroinflammation and psychological disorders, although at different times. Front Neurol. 2022;13:929480.
- 23. Subramanian A, Nirantharakumar K, Hughes S, et al. Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Nat Med. 2022;28:1706–14.
- 24. Hoang HTX, Yeung WF, Truong QTM, et al. Sleep quality among non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: a national cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2024;11:1281012.
- 25. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Arias-Navalón JA, Martín-Guerrero JD, et al. Trajectory of anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality in individuals who had been hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study. J Psychosom Res. 2024;179:111635.
- 26. Mangion K, Morrow AJ, Sykes R, et al. Post-COVID-19 illness and associations with sex and gender. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):389.
- 27. Merikanto I, Dauvilliers Y, Chung F, et al. Sleep symptoms are essential features of long‐COVID–Comparing healthy controls with COVID‐19 cases of different severity in the international COVID sleep study (ICOSS‐II). J Sleep Res. 2023;32(1):e13754.
- 28. Vargas I, Muench A, Grandner MA, et al. Insomnia symptoms predict longer COVID-19 symptom duration. Sleep Med. 2023;101:365-72.
- 29. Byambasuren O, Stehlik P, Clark J, et al. Effect of covid-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review. BMJ Med. 2023;2(1)
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: Erken Çevrimiçi Yayınlar
Öz
Proje Numarası
KA21/193
Kaynakça
- 1. Yuki K, Fujiogi M and Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108427.
- 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions. 03.03.2024, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html
- 3. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, et al. Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ. 2021;372
- 4. Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(5):657-66.
- 5. Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, et al. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021;1486(1):90-111.
- 6. Ahmed GK, Khedr EM, Hamad DA, et al. Long term impact of Covid-19 infection on sleep and mental health: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2021;305:114243.
- 7. Kalamara E, Pataka A, Boutou A, et al. Persistent sleep quality deterioration among post-COVID-19 patients: results from a 6-month follow-up study. J Pers Med. 2022;12(11):1909.
- 8. Pinzon RT, Wijaya VO, Al Jody A, et al. Persistent neurological manifestations in long COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(8):856-69.
- 9. Steardo Jr L, Steardo L, Verkhratsky A, et al. Post‐COVID‐19 neuropsychiatric syndrome: Is maladaptive glial recovery to blame? Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021;233(2)
- 10. Akıncı T, Başar HM. Relationship between sleep quality and the psychological status of patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Sleep Med. 2021;80:167-70.
- 11. Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, et al. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):130-40.
- 12. Xu F, Wang X, Yang Y, et al. Depression and insomnia in COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional survey from Chinese rehabilitation centers in Anhui province. Sleep Med. 2022;91:161-165.
- 13. Lin Y, Liu S, Li S, et al. Relationships between the changes in sleep patterns and sleep quality among Chinese people during the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak. Sleep Med. 2022;91:154-60.
- 14. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600.
- 15. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7(2):107-15.
- 16. Boysan M, Güleç M, Besiroglu L, et al. Uykusuzluk Siddeti Indeksi'nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;11(3):248.
- 17. Morin CM, Belleville G, Bélanger L, et al. The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep. 2011;34(5):601-608.
- 18. Hisli N. Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Psikoloji dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
- 19. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163.
- 20. Chinvararak C and Chalder T. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with long COVID assessed by standardised questionnaires and diagnostic criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2023:111535.
- 21. Linh TTD, Ho DKN, Nguyen NN, et al. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 sleep disturbances in adults at different follow-up time points: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023:101833.
- 22. Pellitteri G, Surcinelli A, De Martino M, et al. Sleep alterations following COVID-19 are associated with both neuroinflammation and psychological disorders, although at different times. Front Neurol. 2022;13:929480.
- 23. Subramanian A, Nirantharakumar K, Hughes S, et al. Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Nat Med. 2022;28:1706–14.
- 24. Hoang HTX, Yeung WF, Truong QTM, et al. Sleep quality among non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: a national cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2024;11:1281012.
- 25. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Arias-Navalón JA, Martín-Guerrero JD, et al. Trajectory of anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality in individuals who had been hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study. J Psychosom Res. 2024;179:111635.
- 26. Mangion K, Morrow AJ, Sykes R, et al. Post-COVID-19 illness and associations with sex and gender. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):389.
- 27. Merikanto I, Dauvilliers Y, Chung F, et al. Sleep symptoms are essential features of long‐COVID–Comparing healthy controls with COVID‐19 cases of different severity in the international COVID sleep study (ICOSS‐II). J Sleep Res. 2023;32(1):e13754.
- 28. Vargas I, Muench A, Grandner MA, et al. Insomnia symptoms predict longer COVID-19 symptom duration. Sleep Med. 2023;101:365-72.
- 29. Byambasuren O, Stehlik P, Clark J, et al. Effect of covid-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review. BMJ Med. 2023;2(1)
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Psikiyatri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | KA21/193 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 18 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Temmuz 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 21 Şubat 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: Erken Çevrimiçi Yayınlar |